• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2004

By a tremendous expansion of Internet users, there's a number effects that cause the phenomenon of bottlenecked switching packets from routers. In order to tear down this problem, distributed system is applicable to almost every highly performed router systems. The main processor of distributed system, which manages routing table, commands IPC to delivering the forwarding table line processor that eases functionalities of the router. This makes the system having wired-speed forwarding function based on the hardware so that the performance of the network can be enhanced. Therefore, IPC, which assign a part of router, is necessary to exchange data smoothly and the constitution of IPC using Ethernet is widely adapted as a method for saving investment. In this paper, R-IPC mechanism improve the packet-processing rate over 10% through changed from defect of conventional Ethernet IPC, that is, 2 layer processing to TCP/IP or UDP/ IP into 1 layer processing for efficient packet forwarding.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1567-1572
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• 2012

An IPC(instrument panel Cluster) is a useful device that provides driving information to the driver. The information includes the vehicle speed, RPM, mileage, etc. The traditional IPC has been mostly implemented with mechanical technique. According to increment of needs for the convenience of IPC by user, the IPC must provide graphical interface and efficient driving information. Also the user-friendly IPC is needed by drivers. Thus flexible and robust software structure and development methods are required in order to develop IPC. In this paper, we propose software architecture and design method for the IPC using modeling method. We use MVC model and UML to model software architecture because they have flexible and robust characteristics. We can develop the various forms of information screen by separating views from model by using state diagram and class diagram in UML. Through this, the cost saving and ease of maintenance can be expected. The development time and cost can be reduced by using proposed method.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2012

An IPC(instrument panel Cluster) is a useful device that provides driving information to the driver. The information includes the vehicle speed, RPM, mileage, etc. The traditional IPC has been mostly implemented with mechanical technique. According to increment of needs for the convenience of IPC by user, the IPC must provide graphical interface and efficient driving information. Also the user-friendly IPC is needed by drivers. Thus flexible and robust software structure and development methods are required in order to develop IPC. In this paper, we propose software architecture and design method for the IPC using modeling method. We use MVC model and UML to model software architecture because they have flexible and robust characteristics. We can develop the various forms of information screen by separating views from model by using state diagram and class diagram in UML. Through this, the cost saving and ease of maintenance can be expected. The development time and cost can be reduced by using proposed method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1392-1399
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• 2005

This study evaluated the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-TC), ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or a combination on the extent of mitochondrial injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were pretreated with $\alpha$-TC (20 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 3 days before sustained ischemia. A rat liver was preconditioned with 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, and was then subjected to 90 min of ischemia followed by 5 h or 24 h of reperfusion. I/R increased the aminotransferase activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, whereas it decreased the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity. $\alpha$-TC and IPC individually attenuated these changes. $\alpha$-TC combined with IPC ($\alpha$-TC+IPC) did not further attenuate the changes. The mitochondrial glutathione content decreased after 5 h reperfusion. This decrease was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The significant production of peroxides observed after 10 min reperfusion subsequent to sustained ischemia was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The mitochondria isolated after I/R were rapidly swollen. However, this swelling rate was reduced by $\alpha$­TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. These results suggest that either $\alpha$-TC or IPC reduces the level of mitochondrial damage associated with oxidative stress caused by hepatic I/R, but $\alpha$- TC combined with IPC offers no significant additional protection.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.312-327
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• 2021

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) to manage healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) has emerged as one of the most significant public health issues in Korea. The purpose of this study is to draw implications in IPC policies by analyzing the context, process, and major actors in policy development and comparatively analyzing IPC policy contents of Korea with three other countries. Additionally, IPC policies were analyzed in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide implications for future pandemics and HCAI events. Methods: This study incorporates a qualitative approach based on document and content analysis, applying codes and thematic categorization. IPC policy contents are comparatively analyzed by adopting the concept model, developed by the World Health Organization, which consists of core components of IPC structure at the national and facility level. Results: National IPC policies were developed within a complex social and political context, through the involvement of various stakeholders. IPC policies in Korea place a high emphasis on establishing IPC programs and built environments in healthcare facilities, whereas there were potentials for improvement in policies involving patients and promoting a safety culture. IPC policies, which currently focus on general hospitals and certain functions of hospitals, should further be expanded to target all healthcare facilities and functions, to ensure more efficient and sustainable IPC responses in the current and future disease outbreaks. Conclusion: IPC is a complex policy arena and lessons learned from the analysis of existing policies in the context of COVID-19 should provide valuable strategic implications for future policies.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.339-347
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• 2010

Inter-process communication (IPC), which is a technique that enables exchanging data among multiple processes, is commonly used not only in user applications but also in system processes. For this reason, the performance of IPC highly influences the performance of whole computer system. Especially, heavy overload on a single server process caused by IPC requests from multiple client processes, easily results overall slowdown of IPC response time. Here, to deal with the problem stated above, the time-slice donation technique which is adapted in L4 microkernel is analyzed and enhanced for reducing latency of IPC response time and implemented on linux kernel for actual performance evaluation. While trying to maintain the additional overhead as least as possible, the experiment shows that the use of this technique enhances the performance of IPC multiple times of existing technique under certain circumstances.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1642-1648
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• 2021

We analyzes representative technologies of IoT patents and reflects these results in the curriculum of IoT. In order to identify the representative technologies, the IPC codes of the patents were analyzed. Among the main category IPC codes, the most used IPC codes were H04L in Single IPC Patent with 974 cases(32.0%) and G06Q in Multiple IPC Patent with 710 cases(29.2%). As a result of classifying the IPC code into the WIPO technology classification system, the most emphasized technologies are Digital Communication, accounting for about 60.5% in the Single IPC Patent and IT Methods for Management(710 cases, 29.2%) in Multiple IPC Patent. The main points to be considered when organizing the curriculum of IoT are: ∇Emphasis on Digital Communication, ∇Expansion of Education related to IT Methods for Management(Including entrepreneurship and patent application), and ∇Consideration of subjects related to the Convergence of IoT. This research can contribute to the curriculum design of new industrial technologies such as AI and Fintech.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1499-1505
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• 2015

This study is about the patent information analysis of relevant companies and technologies based on International Patent Classification (IPC) code. 902 patent applications in the field of electronic commerce(G06Q) by NAVER, the biggest internet company in Korea, are the subjects of this study. First, we investigated the number of applications and registrations per IPC code so that we could analyze the core technology areas and the status of patent application. In addition, we examined the convergence of technologies by investigating interconnections between main and sub categories of IPC codes. Lastly, we looked into the changes in patent technologies by investigating the status of application per IPC code in accordance with year. By analyzing the IPC code based patent information used in this study, we could further expect the trends of companies and technologies.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Linux Foundation has announced a real-time kernel, called Zephyr, for IoT applications recently. Zephyr kernel provides synchronous and asynchronous IPC for data communication between threads. Synchronous IPC is useful for programming multi-threads that need to be executed synchronously, since the sender thread is blocked until the data is delivered to the receiver thread and the completion of data transfer can be known to two threads. In general, 'IPC execution time' is defined as the time duration between the sender thread sends data and the receiver thread receives the data sent. Especially, it is important that 'IPC execution time' in the synchronous IPC should be fixed in real-time kernel like Zephyr. However, we have found that the execution time of the synchronous IPC in Zephyr kernel increases in proportion to the number of threads executing in the kernel. In this paper, we propose a method to implement a fixed time synchronous IPC in Zephyr kernel using Direct Thread Switching(DTS) technique. Using the technique, the receiver thread executes directly after the sender thread sends a data during the remaining time slice of the sender thread and we can archive a fixed IPC execution time even when the number of threads executing in the kernel increases. In this paper, we implemented synchronous IPC using DTS in the Zephyr kernel and found the IPC execution time of the IPC is always 389 cycle that is relatively small and fixed.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.457-460
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• 2001

마이크로커널 구조에 있어서 IPC 의 오버헤드는 전반적인 운영체제의 성능을 결정짓는 주요한 요소가 된다. 본 논문에서는 M3K 마이크로 커널에서의 IPC 지연시간을 명확히 측정하기 위해서 IPC 수행 경로를 몇 단계 구간으로 나누었으며, 각 구간에서 사용되는 코드들의 사용빈도와 수행시간을 정확히 측정함으로써 지연이 발생되는 부분을 세밀하게 분석하였다. 또한 완전히 구현된 Fiasco 마이크로커널의 IPC 지연 시간을 M3K 에서 적용한 구간별로 측정하고 상호 비교하였다. 연구 결과 IPC의 성능 향상을 위해서 Fiasco 에서 적용하고있는 하드웨어의 특성을 활용한 구현이 실제로는 M3K 마이크로커널의 하드웨어 독립적인 IPC 구현에 비해서 큰 장점이 없음을 보여주고 있다. 오히려, 소프트웨어적인 최적화가 더많은 성능상의 이점을 줄 수 있다는 것을 실험을 통해서 보여줄 수 있었다