• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제18권34호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

The key competition factor of manufacturing industries has progressively changed from cost to quality and time. Recently, the manufacturing environments more rapidly change than before. So, many companies want to introduce a advanced manufacturing system like CIMS to meet various user's needs and short delivery. But there is a considerable gap between the decision to invest and the achievement of promised benefits. Managers, generally, cannot afford CIM invesment unless they can determine beforehand that CIM will work in thier company and that will provide a coherent strategy and satisfactory return on investment In many cases, it is impossible to justify CIM investment by only economical analysis. Decision making problems like CIM investment are of a multiple objective nature. So, decision making process and multiattribute utility function are very useful methods to evaluate CIM justification In this paper, we described the key functions of CIM justification evaluation using IDEF methodology and developed the applicattion procedure of DMP and MUF method for CIM justification.

• 산업공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.285-293
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• 1999

This paper analyzes the facility investment appraisal process of a real world shipyard and proposes several improving points. For this purpose the investment appraisal sheets are investigated in terms of the theory of the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Through this investigation, the differences between the theory and its application are clarified and it is tried to resolve the gab by applying the DCF method appropriately including explicit use of actual cash flows in revenue and expense expressions. It is also proposed that some portion of the capital loss caused by defending facility sales may not be the sunk cost and that the portion can conceptually be calculated by the difference between economic value and sales price.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

In this study, a stereolithography apparatus (SLA) prototype is used as a master model to be transformed into the silicone pattern by vacuum tool forming. The tool for the first prototype is fabricated by using this silicone pattern. Following this procedure, a temporary tool with metal powder and epoxy for wax injection is prepared for the die set of quick change type which consists of upper and lower base die나 and an insert die. The die set of quick change type appears to be very effective in casting operation by changing tools rapidly. The original wax pattern is formed through the die set, and is made of lost-was. Finally the lost-wax pattern is applied to investment casting. The final casting product is checked regarding its dimensional accuracy.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2019

The resumption of economic cooperation between South and the North Korea will be a new growth engine for our economy. Many Korean companies are preparing to invest in North Korea in accordance with the progress of inter-Korean relations. However, there are many risks inherent in inter-Korean economic cooperation, as experienced in previous cases. Specifically, one should be prepared for unfair measures such as the expropriation of investment assets of South Korean enterprises by North Korea authorities. Therefore, it is essential to review the protection measures of investment in North Korea and to review the investment dispute settlement system. The South and the North have an agreement to establish the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee to resolve the disputes that may arise if one party's investments are lost due to inappropriate or unfair measures due to the other party's authority. However, the Investment Agreement, which governs the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, contains a number of declarative statements that are somewhat ineffective. Even today, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the Agreement, the specific detailed procedures have shown no real progress, such as in the enactment of arbitration rules. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to expect a system that can effectively address the damage of our corporations which have invested in North Korea. When the assets freeze after the suspension of Kumgang tourism and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex by North Korea, the activation of the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee is the most important prerequisite for economic cooperation with North Korea. For this purpose, the resolution of disputes through the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee has to be made more concrete, with the effectiveness of the dispute settlement system enhanced by means of various efforts.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.35-63
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• 2019

Since imposing Performance Requirements (PRs) on investors have been conducted as a means to protect a host state's domestic industry in the short run, with its effect on improving the international balance of payments, it has been implemented mostly in developing countries. From the viewpoint of investors, however, PRs hinder free competition and investment activities and have the effect of distorting international trade activities; therefore, they are expected to bring detrimental effects on the host state's economic development in the long run. PRs provided by International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and WTO-TRIMs, too, included many abstract regulations which are grounded on the host state's economic efficiency in the past; however, those PRs are gradually being more concretely specified, shifting to a form of prohibition with the goals of increasing the protection on investors and realizing investment liberalization. Accordingly, when Korea freshly concludes IIAs or revises them afterwards, one should focus more on following the points regarding PRs. First, to protect Korean companies' investment activities, it is advantageous to list the contents of prohibited PRs extensively and concretely and create a stipulation. Second, it is necessary to list the contents of the PRs prohibited and add the phrases for prohibiting "any other similar requirements" explicitly, as well so as to cover the PRs that can appear newly. Third, as in the cases associated with PRs, issuable matters are mostly either the range of applying PRs or the conditions of applying them (relevance or detrimental effects); therefore, it is necessary to classify the cases accumulated by issues and analyze them thoroughly. In conclusion, as this study has analyzed the theoretical characteristics of PRs provided in IIAs and related cases and suggests exquisite theory regarding PRs, it not only lays fundamental grounds for follow-up research but also gives useful and practical guidelines for the parties concerned and the arbitrators according to the ISDS procedure.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.139-157
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• 2017

투자협정상의 MFN 조항을 실체적인 규정 외에 절차적인 규정에까지 적용할 수 있는지에 대한 논의는 보호 범위를 결정하기 때문에 중요한 의의를 가진다. 그러나 투자협정마다 MFN 조항에서 대우의 범위를 조금씩 상이하게 규정하고 있어 이에 대한 해석의 차이가 존재한다. 그러므로 본 연구는 ICSID에서 판정한 중재사례에 초점을 맞추어 국제투자분쟁에서 외국인투자자가 원 투자협정상의 MFN 조항을 통하여 다른 투자협정상에 규정된 분쟁해결절차를 원용할 수 있는지를 분석함으로써 MFN 조항의 적용범위를 획정할 수 있는 기준들을 도출하여 유용한 시사점 및 실무적인 지침을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2019

This article examines the necessity for the introduction of an ICSID Appellate System. In comparison with the WTO appellate system, the ICSID ad hoc Committee has a very limited mandate. An annulment inquiry under the ICSID arbitration system barely focuses on whether the arbitral decision resulted from a justifiable process. As long as there is procedural legitimacy, the resulting awards remain unaffected under the annulment procedure, irrespective of mistakes of fact or law. In contrast, in the WTO DSS the AB substantively reviews panel rulings and suggestions that are founded on any deficiency of objectivity or error in the interpretation of a particular WTO provision. This defect intrinsic in the annulment procedure could cause injustice to a party earnestly interested in correcting recognized misapplication of law by ICSID tribunals. Accordingly, the establishment of an appellate system would result in a more substantive and procedural review of awards. The creation of such an ICSID appellate system would ensure thorough scrutiny of the decisions of the tribunal of first instance, leading to better reasoned outcomes. This could lead to a crystallization of predictability in investment relations. The end result would be that fairness, clarity, reliability, and legality in the ICSID adjudicative process would be unassailable, to the advantage of all the contracting parties.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the displacements of cast framework by torch soldering and electric soldering techniques. Specimen had two cylinders and connecting bar that had sectioned with 0.3mm gap at mid point. 10 of total specimens were divided into two groups. In torch soldered group, soldering investment block was made and conventional torch solder-ing procedure was carried out. In electric soldered group, electric soldering was carried out on the master cast without soldering investment block by using electric soldering machine(Dentapunkt DP 7, Kulzer, Germany) After soldering procedure, three dimensional coordinates of two centroids of each cylinder were measured by three dimensional coordinate measuring machine. The intercentroidal displacement and global displacement were calculated and then, these values were compared and evaluated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Intercentroidal distances of specimens decreased after both soldering procedures, and the decrease in intercentroidal distance was greater for torch soldered group than for electric soldered group 2. Global displacements of torch soldered group were greater than those of electric soldered group.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1913-1926
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• 2007

Number of highway lanes and level of service are based on the 30th, 60th or 100th highest hour volume of the target year. On the other hand, railroad design volume is generally expressed in average annual daily traffic (AADT). This procedure ignores attributes of railroad demand's concentration on peak days and hours. Actual data analysis represents railroad's peaking characteristics very similar to those of highways. Therefore it is necessary to set a procedure in selecting design volume for railroad planning. This study presents a concept and the calculating procedure for railroad design hourly volume to analyze effect of railroad investment.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.731-736
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• 2005

The governmental attitude toward private investment and financing for infrastructure projects has changed from the initial prohibition to the current encouragement in China, which has been embodied in the legal documents and administrative process. However, the problem of identification, bidding, and approval procedure for privately financed infrastructure projects has been observed in policies and administrative measures promulgated by different or even the same government branches, which is prohibitive factors for smooth project implementation. After analysis of the identification, bidding, and approval process of infrastructure projects, the authors proposed a simplified and alternative procedure and clarified the key points of relevant project documents.