• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2004

Understanding the nature of science is being emphasized recently among the major goals of science education. The nature of science is concerned with aims of scientific work, the status and nature of scientific knowledge, and science as societal institution. This is a review on how to investigate the pupils' ideas about the nature of science, which was suggested by Driver et al. in their book 'Young people's images of science (1996)'. The purpose of this review is to consider the methodological problems of investigating the pupils' ideas about the nature of science, and to get the implications of developing the instruments about it. The instruments, developed by Driver et al., are described as a model and their suggestions are surveyed. Several hints are given this article to develop the similar instruments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.129-139
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• 2014

The objective of this research is to suggest new geometric possibilities in digital architecture by investigating the characteristics of hybridization in digital geometry. The research begins with theoretical background research such as defining hybridization, investigating hybrid thinking, and studying the theory of digital geometry, along with the four conceptual characteristics of hybridization that could be drawn, such as temporality, liquidity, complexity, and connectivity. Based on these characteristics, the generative method of hybrid digital geometric languages such as Blob, Particle, Morph, Loft, and Boolean was analyzed with case research in contemporary digital architecture. As a result, diverse hybrid geometric keywords were extracted; these keywords suggest potential meanings of hybridization such as accidentality, mobility, diversity, and identity. Different elements represent the "mobility" in time by the force and wave, and they are "accidentally" combined in gradual change. The united species in "diverse" characters are seamlessly connected and emerge as a new "identity." The research maximizes the generative possibilities in digital geometry and provides a theoretical basis to apply the digital hybrid methods to architectural design by suggesting the potential meanings and possibilities in hybridization.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2020

The mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins that are components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), suggesting that precise regulation of these genes is crucial for maintaining OXPHOS functions, including ATP production, calcium buffering, cell signaling, ROS production, and apoptosis. Furthermore, heteroplasmy or mis-regulation of gene expression in mitochondria frequently is associated with human mitochondrial diseases. Thus, various approaches have been developed to investigate the roles of genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. In this review, we will discuss a wide range of techniques available for investigating the mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial transcription, and mitochondrial translation, which provide a useful guide to understanding mitochondrial gene expression.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.219-232
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• 2014

This paper reports on an ongoing study investigating the feasibility of using an evolutionary method to develop the rules governing Self-Organised (SO) systems for use in swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles. In general, it is difficult to design swarm systems that follow explicit global behaviour. Unlike optimising a predefined objective function, the solution to the problem is the emergent behaviour in the SO systems which results from simultaneous interactions among agents and between agents and their environment. In this study, evolutionary algorithms are used to investigate their control and effectiveness in synthesising the weighting of different rules on SO emergent behaviour. Both homogeneous swarms and heterogeneous swarms were considered though the results provided are for a case study investigating the simplest problem a homogeneous swarm without mutation. Though simple this study does indicate the potential of the approach.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate test-retest reliability or reproducibility of the paper-pencil test for investigating stereotypes of seven principal controls of passenger cars. The controls include wiper, head light, high beam, door window, ignition key, door key and door lock. Sixty two college-aged students participated in the paper-pencil tests and the tests were conducted twice with an in-between period of 4 weeks. The results showed that the stereotypes of motion-directions for the seven controls by the two paper-pencil tests were the same, and that the percentage agreements between two tests by subjects were ranged from 60.0% to 80.6%. There was a weak linear relationship between averaged rates of responses for the stereotypes of motion-directions for the seven controls and percentage agreements by subjects. Based on these results, it is concluded that the paper-pencil test collects reliable or reproducible data on the stereotypes of motion-directions for passenger cars' controls within four weeks.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

This paper is mainly concerned with developing the formulae of predicting thermal deformation of steel plate due to multi-line heating. By investigating the results of line heating test and numerical analysis, reasonable heat flux model has been defined. Formulae of predicting the transverse shrinkage and the angular distortion as the dominant thermal deformation types in plate forming by line heating have been derived based on the results of line heating test and numerical analysis with varying plate thickness, heating speed and distance between torches. This paper illustrates how the derived formulae are used in investigating the effect of multi-line heating upon the thermal deformation and how they can be used in defining the limit distance with that there is no interacted effect between torches. This paper ends with describing the extension of the present study.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

The various DNA-protein interactions associated with the expression of genetic information involve double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bending. Due to the importance of the formation of the dsDNA bending structure, dsDNA bending properties have long been investigated in the biophysics field. Conventionally, DNA bendability is characterized by innate averaging data from bulk experiments. The advent of single-molecule methods, such as atomic force microscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers, tethered particle motion, and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurement, has provided valuable tools to investigate not only the static structures but also the dynamic properties of bent dsDNA. Here, we reviewed the single-molecule methods that have been used for investigating dsDNA bendability and new findings related to dsDNA bending. Single-molecule approaches are promising tools for revealing the unknown properties of dsDNA related to its bending, particularly in cells.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-163
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• 2023

This research aimed at investigating Islamic Studies teachers' attitudes towards utilizing virtual learning environment in distance teaching among primary stage pupils. It also aimed at determining the statistical differences among variables due to sex, educational qualification, number of years of experience, and training sessions. This research adopted the descriptive approach. The sample consisted of male and female primary teachers of Islamic Studies (N=250) in governmental schools in Taif. The questionnaire was used as a main research tool. It included (20) items. Results showed that Islamic Studies teachers' attitudes towards utilizing virtual learning environment in distance teaching among primary stage pupils were ranked to a medium degree. There was a statistically significant difference among primary Islamic Studies teachers' attitudes due to sex variable. It was recommended to adopt more training sessions and seminars for adopting the idea of utilizing virtual learning environments among Islamic Studies teachers at boys' and girls' school in Mecca through emphasizing its significance and benefits in Teaching.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2023

Recent technical advances have enabled unbiased transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of each cell, known as "single-cell analysis". Single-cell analysis has a variety of technical approaches to investigate the state of each cell, including mRNA levels (transcriptome), the immune repertoire (immune repertoire analysis), cell surface proteins (surface proteome analysis), chromatin accessibility (epigenome), and accordance with genome variants (eQTLs; expression quantitative trait loci). As an effective tool for investigating robust immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many researchers performed single-cell analysis to capture the diverse, unbiased immune cell activation and differentiation. Despite challenges elucidating the complicated immune microenvironments of chronic inflammatory diseases using existing experimental methods, it is now possible to capture the simultaneous immune features of different cell types across inflamed tissues using various single-cell tools. In this review, we introduce patient-based and experimental mouse model research utilizing single-cell analyses in the field of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as multi-organ atlas targeting immune cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998