• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2024

The concept of hybrid structures integrates two powerful mathematical tools: soft sets and fuzzy sets. This paper extends the application of hybrid structures to ordered hypersemigroups. We introduce the notions of hybrid interior hyperideals in ordered hypersemigroups and demonstrate their equivalence with hybrid hyperideals in certain classes, including regular, intra-regular, and semisimple ordered hypersemigroups. Furthermore, we provide a characterization of semisimple ordered hypersemigroups in terms of hybrid interior hyperideals.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2014

The notion of ${\Gamma}$-semigroups was introduced by Sen in 1981 and that of fuzzy sets by Zadeh in 1965. Any semigroup can be reduced to a ${\Gamma}$-semigroup but a ${\Gamma}$-semigroup does not necessarily reduce to a semigroup. In this paper, we study the coincidences of fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, fuzzy bi-ideals, fuzzy interior ideals and fuzzy ideals in regular, left regular, right regular, intra-regular, semisimple ordered ${\Gamma}$-semigroups.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To compare the dimensional accuracy of three impression techniques- a separating foil impression, a custom tray impression, and a stock tray impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A machined mandibular complete-arch metal model with special modifications served as a master cast. Three different impression techniques (n = 6 in each group) were performed with addition-cured silicon materials: i) putty-wash technique with a prefabricated metal tray (MET) using putty and regular body, ii) single-phase impression with custom tray (CUS) using regular body material, and iii) two-stage technique with stock metal tray (SEP) using putty with a separating foil and regular body material. All impressions were poured with epoxy resin. Six different distances (four intra-abutment and two inter-abutment distances) were gauged on the metal master model and on the casts with a microscope in combination with calibrated measuring software. The differences of the evaluated distances between the reference and the three test groups were calculated and expressed as mean (${\pm}SD$). Additionally, the 95% confidence intervals were calculated and significant differences between the experimental groups were assumed when confidence intervals did not overlap. RESULTS. Dimensional changes compared to reference values varied between -74.01 and $32.57{\mu}m$ (MET), -78.86 and 30.84 (CUS), and between -92.20 and 30.98 (SEP). For the intra-abutment distances, no significant differences among the experimental groups were detected. CUS showed a significantly higher dimensional accuracy for the inter-abutment distances with -0.02 and -0.08 percentage deviation compared to MET and SEP. CONCLUSION. The separation foil technique is a simple alternative to the custom tray technique for single tooth restorations, while limitations may exist for extended restorations with multiple abutment teeth.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권3_4호
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• pp.769-784
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• 2022

The main theme of this present paper is to study ordered semigroups in the context of anti-hybrid interior ideals. The notion of anti-hybrid interior ideals in ordered semigroups is introduced. We prove that the concepts of ideals and interior coincide in some particular classes of ordered semigroups; regular, intra-regular, and semisimple. Finally, the characterization of semisimple ordered semigroups in terms of anti-hybrid interior ideals is considered.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2011

Minimally invasive techniques for pediatric inguinal hernia repair have been evolving in recent years. We applied the laparoscopic method to repair pediatric inguinal hernia using the techniques of sac transection and intra-corporeal ligation. Between November 2008 and August 2010, 67 pediatric patients (47 boys and 20 girls) with inguinal hernias were included in this study. Postoperative activities, pain, and complication were checked prospectively at regular follow-up. One patient presented with clinically bilateral hernia, and three patients had metachronous hernias. Thirty-two cases out of 63 patients with unilateral hernias had a patent processus vaginalis on the contralateral side. Mean operation time was $35{\pm}11.4$ minutes for unilateral hernias and $43{\pm}11$ minutes for bilateral hernias. There were no intra-operative complications. One patient had a small hematoma on the groin postoperatively, which subsided spontaneously in a week. Recurrence and metachronous hernia were not found at follow up. In summary, laparoscopic inguinal repair in children is safe, easy to perform and has an additional advantage of contralateral exploration. Further studies should include long term follow-up.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the reproducibility of intra-observer and inter-observer consistency of cephalometric measurements using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT), and the degree of difference of the cephalometric measurements. Materials and Methods: CT images of 16 adult patients with normal class I occlusion were sent to personal computer and reconstructed into 3D images using V-Works 3.5/sup TM/(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). With the internal program of V-Works 3.5/sup TM/, 12 landmarks on regular cephalograms were transformed into 21 analytic categories and measured by 2 observers and in addition, one of the observers repeated their measurements. Intra-observer difference was calculated using paired t-test, and inter-observer by two sample test. Results: There were significant differences in the intra-observer measurements (p < 0.05) in four of the categories which included ANS-Me, ANS-PNS, Cdl-Go (Lt), GoL-GoR, but with the exception of Cdl-Go (Lt), ZmL-ZmR, Zyo-Zyo, the average differences were within 2 mm of each other. The inter-observer observations also showed significant differences in the measurements of the ZmL-ZmR and Zyo-Zyo categories (p < 0.05). With the exception of the Cdl-Me (Rt), ZmL-ZmR, Zyo-Zyo categories, the average differences between the two observers were within 2 mm, but the ZmL-ZmR and Zyo-Zyo values differed greatly with values of 8.10 and 19.8 mm respectively. Conclusion: In general, 3D CT images showed greater accuracy and reproducibility, with the exception of suture areas such as Zm and Zyo, than regular cephalograms in orthodontic measurements, showing differences of less than 2 mm, therefore 3D CT images can be useful in cephalometric measurements and treatment planning.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine intra-oral factors that affect halitosis in young women. Methods: This study was performed between March 2014 to May 2014, and included 35 women in their 20s with good oral health. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the change in halitosis immediately, and 1 hour after scaling. Results: In both oral gas (OG) and extraoral gas (EG) groups, halitosis was reduced after scaling compared to before scaling. The logistic regression analysis of oral state factors in OG showed that as oral fluid [odds ratio (OR) = 0.792, p = 0.045] and dental plaque (OR = 0.940, p = 0.016) decreased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group decreased (> 50). In addition, as glucose levels in the oral cavity (OR = 1.245, p = 0.075) and tongue coating index (OR = 2.912, p = 0.064) increased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group increased (> 50). Furthermore, in the EG group, as oral fluid (OR = 0.66, p = 0.01) and dental plaque (OR = 0.95, p = 0.04) decreased, the OR in the EG group decreased (> 50) significantly. Conclusion: To control halitosis, it is necessary to increase oral fluid and decrease the amount of tongue plaque. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy oral environment, aided by regular scaling and removal of dental plaque, may significantly control halitosis.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.1037-1046
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• 2023

The reason behind to investigate axiom systems with fewer axioms into investigate what types of results still hold, and what results become more general. Seminearrings obtained by the generalisation of nearrings and semirings. Clearly, seminearrings are common abstraction of semirings and nearrings. The aim of this work is to carry out an extensive study on algebraic structure of seminearrings and the major objective is to further enhance the theory of seminearrings in order to study the special structures of seminearrings, this work addresses some special structures of seminearrings such as right duo seminearrings. The right ideal of a seminearring need not be a left ideal. We focused on those seminear-rings which demonstrate this property. A seminearring S is right duo if every right ideal is two sided. Here we have concentrated on the seminearring which are right duo and regular. Main aim of this paper is to deal with properties of regularity in right duo seminearring. We have given some results on right duo seminearring. Followed by that, we have derived some theorems on the relation between the properties of seminearring such as regularity, semi simplicity and intra-regularity in right duo seminearring. We also illustrate this concept with suitable examples.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2010

Adsorption of a water molecule on a Si (001) surface and its dissociation were studied using density functional theory to study the distribution of -OH fragments on the Si surface. The Si (001) surface was composed of Si dimers, which buckle in a zigzag pattern below the order-disorder transition temperature to reduce the surface energy. When a water molecule approached the Si surface, the O atom of the water molecule favored the down-buckled Si atom, and the H atom of the water molecule favored the up-buckled Si atom. This is explained by the attractions between the negatively charged O of the water and the positively charged down-buckled Si atom and between the positively charged H of the water and the negatively charged up-buckled Si atom. Following the adsorption of the first water molecule on the surface, a second water molecule adsorbed on either the inter-dimer or intra-dimer site of the Si dimer. The dipole-dipole interaction of the two adsorbed water molecules led to the formation of the water dimer, and the dissociation of the water molecules occurred easily below the order-disorder transition temperature. Therefore, the 1/2 monolayer of -OH on the water-terminated Si (001) surface shows a regular distribution. The results shed light on the atomic layer deposition process of alternate gate dielectric materials, such as $HfO_2$.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2019

This study investigates the impacts of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) on income distribution both nationally as well as provincially in Vietnam. This study uses panel data of 63 provinces in Vietnam for the period of 2008-2016 and a time series dataset from 1992 to 2016. We found the following results. First, the income distribution is significantly affected by per capita income. When we consider the Kuznets hypothesis, the intra-provincial income inequality of Vietnam's 63 provinces follows a regular U-shaped relationship. In contrast, the income distribution in Vietnam exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship between the Gini coefficient and per capita income. Second, the inward FDI tends to reduce income gaps in each province through the employment of predominantly low-skilled workers. FDI, however, seems to increase income inequality throughout Vietnam. This result is potentially due to the strong concentration of FDI into a very few areas. Third, the effect of trade openness exhibits a decrease in inequality both within each province and in the whole country of Vietnam.