• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the transformed Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 (T-Pg4) harboring the ${\beta}$-glucanase gene as a poultry probiotic. The probiotic properties of the T-Pg4 strain were evaluated in vitro by their adherence capability and acid and bile salt tolerance, and were evaluated in vivo by their survival and adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The results showed that the T-Pg4 strain exhibited resistance to acidic conditions and contact with bile salt, and adhered efficiently to the crop and intestinal epithelial cells of chickens in vitro. The T-Pg4 strain also could survive and colonize the gastrointestinal epithelium of the experimental SPF chickens in vivo. In addition, radial enzyme diffusion was used to demonstrate that the Lactobacillus spp. randomly isolated from the GIT of the SPF chickens fed T-Pg4 possessed ${\beta}$-glucanase secretion capability. These findings have demonstrated that the transformed L. reuteri Pg4 survives transit through the stomach and intestine, and may secrete ${\beta}$-glucanase in the chicken GIT. Therefore, it is suggested that this organism could be used as a multifunctional poultry probiotic.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2015

Cryptosporidium andersoni ATP-binding cassette (CaABC) is an important membrane protein involved in substrate transport across the membrane. In this research, the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of CaABC gene was amplified by PCR, and the eukaryotic expression vector of pEGFP-C1-CaNBD was reconstructed. Then, the recombinant plasmid of pEGFP-C1-CaNBD was transformed into the mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to study the iron transportation function of CaABC. The results indicated that NBD region of CaABC gene can significantly elevate the transport efficiency of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $HCO_3{^-}$ in IECs (P<0.05). The significance of this study is to find the ATPase inhibitors for NBD region of CaABC gene and to inhibit ATP binding and nutrient transport of CaABC transporter. Thus, C. andersoni will be killed by inhibition of nutrient uptake. This will open up a new way for treatment of cryptosporidiosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2008

A bacterial strain with good antibacterial activities against Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli was isolated from a marine sponge Stelleta sp., and it was identified as a Psychrobacter sp. by comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis. In our search for bioactive secondary metabolites from this psychrophillic and halotolerent bacterium, sixteen cyclic dipeptides (1-16) were isolated and their structures were identified on the basis of NMR analysis. In the test of the compounds for the protective effect against Vibrio vulnificusinduced cytotoxicity in human intestinal epithelial cells, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (5) exhibited significant protective effect. Compounds 2, 6, and 11, which contain D-amino acid, were first isolated from bacteria.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.604-610
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• 2015

We investigated the synergic anti-inflammatory activity of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (GS) extract and Lactobacillus brevis KY21 both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis and immunostaining showed that AKT phosphorylation that increased by the exposure of LPS were significantly decreased by the presence of either GS extract or L. brevis KY21. In addition, p65 intracellular transport was critically inhibited by GS extract and L. brevis KY21. We further studied these effects using an in vivo dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model. Body weight, food intake, and clinical scores were dramatically decreased after treatment with DSS, whereas these effects were palliated by the addition of GS extract and L. brevis KY21. Importantly, transcription of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the spleen were increased by DSS treatment, whereas they were inhibited by the presence of GS extract and L. brevis KY21.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.295-298
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• 2018

Lactobacillus plantarum is a Gram-positive, facultative heterofermentative, nonspore-forming nonmotile bacterium found in a wide range of environmental niches. Here we present the complete genome sequence of L. plantarum SK151 isolated from kimchi, which shows high adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. The genome is 3,231,249 bp in length and has a GC content of 44.6%. The genome contains genes related to cell adhesion and a complete operon for riboflavin biosynthesis.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.7.1-7.14
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• 2018

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression is linked to the development of various diseases. Recently, an emerging body of evidence has indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative Colitis (UC). In IBD, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in diverse processes, including the regulation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, association with lipid metabolism, and cell-cell interactions, thereby enhancing inflammation and the functional regulation of regulatory T cells. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of lncRNAs in IBD and highlight potential avenues for future investigation. We also collate potentially immune-relevant, IBD-associated lncRNAs identified through a built-by association analysis with respect to their neighboring protein-coding genes within IBD-susceptible loci. We further underscore their importance by highlighting their enrichment for various aspects of immune system regulation, including antigen processing/presentation, immune cell proliferation and differentiation, and chronic inflammatory responses. Finally, we summarize the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in IBD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the supernatant of lactic acid bacteria (SL) was recently reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are widely used for studying AD-like responses. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SL from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes, and then we investigated the strains' probiotic properties. SL was noncytotoxic and regulated chemokines (macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) and cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-25, and IL-33) in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. SL from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4644, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4693, and Lactococcus lactis MG5474 decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, the safety of the three strains was demonstrated via hemolysis, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and toxicity tests, and the stability was confirmed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, L. rhamnosus MG4644, L. paracasei MG4693, and Lc. lactis MG5474 have potential applications in functional food as they are stable and safe for intestinal epithelial cells and could improve atopic inflammation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

목적 : 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 배기음(排氣飮)이 인간(人間)의 장관내(腸管內)에서 산화물(酸化物)에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 사망(死亡) 및 DNA의 손상(損傷)을 방지할수 있는지를 검증(檢證)하기 위한 실험(實驗)이다. 방법 : 배양(培養)된 인체장관(人體腸管) 세포계열(細胞系列)인 Caco-2 세포(細胞)에서 세포(細胞)의 사망(死亡)은 trypan bile의 소실정도에 의해서 평가했으며, DNA의 손상(損傷)은 double stranded DNA의 파괴정도를 측정하여 평가하였다. $H_2O_2$는 표본(標本) 산화제(酸化劑)로 사용되었다. 결과 : $H_2O_2$에 노출된 세포들의 세포사망(細胞死亡) 정도는 노출시간과 용량에 비례하여 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 배기음(排氣飮)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)되는 세포방지를 방지하였고, 0.05-1%의 농도범위에 걸쳐서는 그 효과가 용량에 비례하여 증가하는 양상을 보였다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포손상(細胞損傷)은 catalase(hydrogen peroxide scavenger enzyme)와 deferoxamine(iron chelator)에 의해 억제되었다. 그러나 강력한 항산화제(抗酸化劑)인 DPPD는 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)되는 세포손상(細胞損傷)에는 영향을 주지 못했다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 지질(脂質)의 과산화(過酸化)는 배기음(排氣飮)과 DPPD에 의해 억제되었다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 DNA의 손상(損傷)은 배기음(排氣飮)에 의해 방지되었으며 용량에 의존하는 양상을 보였다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 DNA의 손상은 catalase와 deferoxamine에 의해 억제되었지만 DPPD는 억제시키지 못했다. 배기음(排氣飮)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 ATP의 소실을 회복시켰다. 이러한 실험결과 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 손상(損傷)은 지질(脂質)의 과산화(過酸化)와는 다른 독립적인 기전에 의해 일어남을 나타낸다. 결론 : 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 Caco-2 세포(細胞)에서 배기음(排氣飮)이 항산화작용(亢酸化作用)보다는 다른 기전을 통하여 Caco-2 세포안에서 산화제(酸化劑)에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 사망(死亡)와 DNA의 손상(損傷)을 방지할 수 있다는 것을 가리킨다. 따라서 본 연구(硏究)는 배기음(排氣飮)이 반응성산소기(反應性酸素基)에 의해 매개된 인체(人體) 위장관질환(胃腸管疾患)의 치료(治療)에 사용할 수 있을 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2016

Probiotics are considered as the best effective alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize the probiotic potential of lactobacilli for use in swine farming by using in vitro evaluation methods. A total of 106 lactic acid bacterial isolates, originating from porcine feces, were first screened for the capacity to survive stresses considered important for putative probiotic strains. Sixteen isolates showed notable acid and bile resistance, antibacterial activity, and adherence to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1). One isolate, LR1, identified as Lactobacillus reuteri, was selected for extensive study of its probiotic and functional properties in IPEC-1 cell models. L. reuteri LR1 exhibited good adhesion to IPEC-1 cells and could inhibit the adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to IPEC-1 cells. L. reuteri LR1 could also modulate transcript and protein expression of cytokines involved in inflammation in IPEC-1 cells; the Lactobacillus strain inhibited the ETEC-induced expression of proinflammatory transcripts (IL-6 and TNF-α) and protein (IL-6), and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Measurement of the permeation of FD-4 showed that L. reuteri LR1 could maintain barrier integrity in monolayer IPEC-1 cells exposed to ETEC. Immunolocalization experiments showed L. reuteri LR1 could also prevent ETEC-induced tight junction ZO-1 disruption. Together, these results indicate that L. reuteri LR1 exhibits desirable probiotic properties and could be a potential probiotic for use in swine production.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.147-166
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel in which proinflammatory cytokines play an important perpetuating role. Methods : Mice (preventive animal model of gliotoxin) were treated with 5 % 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) at day 1 and day 7. To investigate preventive effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$, acupuncture was carried out at day -1, day 1, day 3. And, to investigate therapeutic effects, acupuncture with Gujin was carried out at day 3, day 5, day 7. For the data analysis, we checked weight and width of colon, diarrhea, edema, survival rate, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot and we analyzed mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results : Colon of TNBS treated mice was erosive and shortening compared with the colon of control mice and induced damages of colon epithelial cell layer and induced infiltration of immune cells in all layer of colon. Acupuncture of gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive mode suppressed macorscopic damages such as erosive and shortening of colon by TNBS and damages of intestinal epithelial cells and infiltration of immune cells in the colon. The average weight of 5 cm distal colon was increased in TNBS treated mice (758${\mu}g$) compared with in control mice (112${\mu}g$) and width of distal colon was also increased in TNBS treated mice (4.9mm) compared with in control mice (1.3mm). Acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode suppressed increase of colon weight and width by TNBS. TNBS induced edema of colon and diarrhea and Acupunctured with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode ameliorated these symptom by TNBS. In preventive and therapeutic mode, the effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ were increasing the motility, suppressing body weight decreasing, suppressing MPO activity, reducing expressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in colon compared with that by TNBS Conclusions : This study demonstrates that acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ represents a potential therapeutic method of Crohn's disease.