• 품질경영학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2000

${\overline{X}}$ control chart has proven to be an effective tool to improve the product quality. Shewhart charts assume that the observations are independent and normally distributed. Under the presence of positive autocorrelation and severe skewness, the control limits are not accurate because assumptions are violated- Autocorrelation in process measurements results in frequent false alarms when standard control chats are applied in process monitoring. In this paper, Threshold Bootstrap and Moving Block Bootstrap are used for constructing a confidence interval of correlated observations. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of the bootstrap methods and that of standard method for constructing control charts under several conditions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to find out influential factors associated with Hospitalization of the patients from traffic accident by Groups. Methods Based on the medical charts, we analyzed statistical study of 486 patients putting them into two groups to identify the factors associated with the duration of hospitalization involving age, sex, elapse day (Interval between time of injury and visit to hospital), and the types of accident. Patients in group A were diagnosed with a mere 'sprain', and patients in Group B had other symptoms accompanied by 'sprain'. Results 1. In group A, cervical sprain was the most and male patients with the symptom outnumbered female patients. In group B, headache was most where female patients had the symptom 1.7 times more than male patients. 2. Female patients in group B were found to stay for a longer period of time in the hospital than the male counterparts (p<0.05). 3. Both group A and B have positive correlation between length of hospital stay and age though group B exhibited stronger correlation. 4. Patients who had accident while riding bus in group A and those who were pedestrians in group B were found to stay in the hospital for a significantly longer period of time than those who had any other types of accident (p<0.05). Conclusions We noticed that hospital stay lengthened when the patients were older and when they had accidents while riding bus in Group A whereas in Group B, patients stayed longer when they were females and older as well as when they were pedestrians in accidents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.547-559
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to : a)determine the percentage of labor activities expen-ded in various work functionsof hospital foodservice b)estimate the labor time utilized in each work functions c)investigate the overall work patterns of hospital foodservice and d)provide the basic data for effective labor control This study was conducted in two hospitals with 1300 and 1200 ed capacities and every employees of the dietary department were included in 10days work measurement. Work sampling methodology developed by Donaldson and Ostenso was modified and used for observing overall activities of hospital dietary department. Consistency of data and observa-tion period were verified by 3$\delta$ control chart and control chart. Observed data were satisfied with confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of $\pm$0.05, The results of this study were as follows: 1) The direct work function indirect work function and delay were 74.8%, 9.2%, 16.0% respectively with A hospital and 82.2% 7.2%, 10.6% respectively with B hospital 2) The productivity indices of direct work indirect work and delay were 9.05 min/meal 1.12 min/meal 1.94 min/meal respectively and total 12.11 minutes were utilized per meal served in A hospital and 10.72 min/meal 0.94 min/meal 1.38 min/meal respectively and total 13.04 minutes were utilized per meal served in B hospital 3) Full time equivalent(FTE) utilized in daily work of irect work indirect work and delay were 62.24 men 7.69 men 13.35 men respectively in A hospital and 64.09 men 5.63 men 8.22 men respectively in B hospital. 4) The contents of work activities of each employee group showed that delay time of the service personnel group was more than any other employee groups in both A hospital and B hospital 5) Examination of daily work schedule by time intervals showed that transportation work function was carried out all day so it is necessary to improve this work.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

연안의 무분별한 개발로 인해 해안의 침식 및 퇴적의 경향이 발생되고 있어 해안선 변화에 따른 자연보존 및 개발의 대책 수립이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 강릉시 연안 지역을 선정하여 약 2개월의 주기적인 간격으로 6회의 DGPS 측량을 실시하였고, 관측 자료는 강릉상시관측소를 기준으로 약 50cm 정확도로 후처리하여 1998년 수치지형도 및 2006년 수치해도와 상호 비교하였다. DGPS 측량값들은 수치지형도 해안선과 비교하여 볼 때 국부적으로는 강문항 도류제 설치부근과 남항진의 남측에 침식이 발생하였고 남항진 지역의 방파제 부근에는 많은 해안 퇴적이 일어났으며, 다른 지역의 경우도 부분적으로 해안 퇴적이 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 GIS 자료입력에 알맞은 데이터 취득 방법으로 DGPS를 이용하여 수평자료 획득이 용이하고, 해안 개발에 따른 장기적이고 지속적인 관측을 통한 시계열적 해안선 변화를 측정하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5C호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2008

지반을 대상으로 하는 일련의 활동에서 지층의 구성에 관한 정보는 필수적인 요소이다. 일반적으로 시추를 통해 지층 구성을 알 수 있으나, 배출되는 작업수와 슬라임, 굴진속도, SPT 시료 등을 참고하여 작성되는 다소 경험적인 면이 있다. 더욱이 최근 시추장비의 고성능화로 인해 얇은 토사층의 경우 구분이 점점 어려워지고 있는 것이 현실이다. 피에조콘관입시험은 주로 점토층을 대상으로 시행되었으나 최근 모래층 및 실트층으로 사용이 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 연속적인 데이터를 확보할 수 있다는 이점이 있어 흙분류에 적용하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되었고 다양한 도표가 제안되어 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서는 이에 대한 검증 없이 적용하고 있는 것이 현실이며, 이에 대한 검증을 바탕으로 국내지반과 현실에 맞는 새로운 흙분류 시스템의 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 17개 지역에서 수행된 피에조콘 관입시험 결과와 채취된 시료들에 대한 흙분류 결과를 데이터베이스화하였고, 피에조콘 결과를 이용하도록 제안된 국 내외 흙분류차트 7종류들의 국내지반에 대한 적용성을 토질 종류별로 검토하였다. 또한 종합적으로 국내지반의 흙분류에 가장 적합한 흙분류차트와 사용 변수들을 도출하였고 선정된 도표의 영역별 설명과 국내 기술자들에게 익숙한 통일분류결과와의 상관성에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2016

Objectives: The intention of this study was to find out the impact of mother's body mass index, eating habits, nutrition status and sociodemographic factors on the body mass index of the children. Methods: The study used original data of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011) and had 957 children in the ages of 1-5 years and 957 mothers of these children, a total 1,914 as subjects. The weights (body mass indexes) of the children, subjects under 5th percentile were classified into a underweight group, 5~84th percentile into a normal weight group, 85-94th percentile into an overweight group and more than 95th percentile into an obesity group based on the 2007 Korean children and adolescents growth chart. Results: We observed that when the body mass index of a mother increased by 1, the possibility that her child would belong to the overweight group increased by 6.5% (95% confidence interval: 1.01~1.13), and the possibility that the child would belong to the obesity group increased by 95% (confidence interval: 1.01~1.18). With regard to the number of deficient nutrients which were ingested according to estimated average requirements (EAR) amid nutrients ingested by the mother increased by 1, the possibility that the child would belong to the obesity group increased by 16.6% (95% confidence interval: 1.01~1.35). In case the birth weight of child increased by 1kg, the odds ratio that the child would belong to the obesity group was 2.022 (95% confidence interval: 1.08~3.77). Conclusions: We conclude that the body mass index, eating habits and nutrition status of the mother had significant effects on the body mass index of the child. Therefore, it is critical to recognize the importance of this observation and provide practical training for eating habits and nutrient intakes in order to achieve healthy growth and prevention of obesity among children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.605-613
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• 1999

The main purposes of this study were to determine the time interval between the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and treatment-seeking time and to identify the factors related to the interval time. This study used a retrospective design. The sample consisted of 45 patients aged over 30 who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university affiliated medical center from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998. Data was collected by using questionnaries, which included demographic data, permonitory clinical signs and symtoms of myocardial infarction, and a measure of the severity of the signs and symptoms. Also semi-structured interviews and chart reviews were used to obtain information related to treatment-seeking time. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The most frequent premonitory clinical symptom was chest pain(92.9%), the second, was perspiration(81.0%), and the next were nausea(40.5%) and dyspnea(38.1%). Thirty two patients reported having more than four premonitory signs and symtoms. Patients described the characteristics of chest pain as “somethings very heavy pressing down”(26.2%), “felt like my chest would burst”(24.4%), or “sharp pain”(16.7%), Over 95% of the sample reported having chest pain. 2. Twenty two (52.4%) patients reported to have “very severe” premonitory pain. 3. The mean time interval between the onset of signs and symptoms and the arrival at the medical center was 6.39$\pm$10.80 hours in 42 samples, the mean time from the onset to arrival at a local hospital was 3.27$\pm$5.39 hours and for transfer from a local hospital to the medical center was 4.75$\pm$9.87 hours in patients who had arrived at medical center via local hospital. 4. The severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not differ significantly according to existence of premonitory signs and symptoms. 5. There was no significant relationship between treatment-seeking time and age, gender, marital status, economic status, occupation, or residence. But education had significant relationship(r＝－0.51, p＝0.01). Analysis of difference of the time interval according to the premonitory signs and symptoms showed that the time was shorter in patients who experienced nausea or dyspnea(U＝115.50, p＝0.01, U＝132.00, p＝0.04), however the severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not have statistical significance.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Purpose: We performed this study to evaluate the clinical presentation as well as the proper surgical intervention for ovarian metastasis from gastric cancers and these tumors were identified during postoperative follow-up. This will help establish the optimal strategy for improving the survival of patients with this entity. Materials and Methods: 22 patients (3.2%) with ovarian metastasis were noted when performing a retrospective chart review of (693) females patients who had undergone a resection for gastric cancer between 1981 and 2008. The covariates used for the survival analysis were the patient age at the time of ovarian relapse, the size of the tumor, the initial TNM stage of the gastric cancer, the interval to metastasis and the presence of gross residual disease after treatment for Krukenberg tumor. The cumulative survival curves for the patient groups were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and they were compared by means of the Log-Rank test. Results: The average age of the patients was 48.6 years (range: 24 to 78 years) and the average survival time of the 22 patients was 18.8 months (the estimated 3-year survival rate was 15.8%) with a range of 2 to 59 months after the diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor. The survival rate for patients without gross residual disease was longer than that of the patients with gross residual disease (P=0.0003). In contrast, patient age, the size of ovarian tumor, the initial stage of gastric adenocarcinoma, the interval to metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy were not prognostic indicators for survival after the development of ovarian metastasis. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and complete resection are the only possible hope to improve survival. As the 3-year survival rate after resection of Krukenberg tumor is 15.8%, it seems worthwhile to consider performing tumorectomy as the second cytoreduction.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

During the reign of King Sejong (世宗, 1418-1450) in the Joseon Dynasty, there were lots of astronomical instruments, including miniaturized ones. Those instruments utilized the technical know-how acquired through building contemporary astronomical instruments previously developed in the Song(宋), Jin(金), and Yuan(元) dynasties of China. In those days, many astronomical instruments had circles, rings, and spheres carved with a scale of 365.25, 100, and 24 parts, respectively, on their circumference. These were called the celestial-circumference degree, hundred-interval (Baekgak), and 24 direction, respectively. These scales are marked by the angular distance, not by the angle. Therefore, these circles, rings, and spheres had to be optimized in size to accomodate proper scales. Assuming that the scale system is composed of integer multiples of unit length, we studied the sizes of circles by referring to old articles and investigating existing artifacts. We discovered that the star chart of Cheonsang yeolcha bunyajido was drawn with a royal standard ruler (周尺) based on the unit length of 207 mm. Interestingly, its circumference was marked by the unit scale of 3 puns per 1 du (or degree) like Honsang (a celestial globe). We also found that Hyeonju ilgu (a equatorial sundial) has a Baekgak disk on a scale of 1 pun per 1 gak (that is an interval of time similar to a quarter). This study contributes to the analysis of specifications of numerous circular elements from old Korean astronomical instruments.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate Heart Rate Variability characteristics of menopausal patients with insomnia. Methods: From March 1, 2014 to June 20, 2017, Heart Rate Variability was measured in 102 menopausal patients who visited Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University. We compared accompanying symptoms and Heart Rate Variability values depending on sleep quality in menopausal women. Results: The accompanying symptoms of menopausal patients were as follows: hot flushes (45.1%), tiredness (25.49%), chest discomfort and palpitations (23.53%), headache (17.65%), arthralgia and muscular pain (17.65%), cold sensitivity of hands and feet (15.69%), urinary frequency (14.71%) and anxiety (10.78%). The frequency of chest discomfort and palpitation was significantly higher in the menopausal insomnia group than in normal sleep group. Comparing Heart Rate Variability between two groups, Standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), Total Power (TP), and Low Frequency (LF) values were significantly lower in insomnia group. Conclusions: Chest discomfort and palpitations were more frequent in insomnia patients in menopausal women than normal sleep group, and Standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF) were significantly lower in HRV values.