• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2004

This experiment was executed to control effectively endemic disease of swine farms in Incheon metropolitan city. Mainly using PigMon program which had been developed by the College of Veterinary Medicine in the University of Minnesota(USA), we examined lesions of gastric ulcer and interstitial nephritis additionally. 446 heads of pigs shipped from 5 farms in Incheon to a slaughterhouse from June in 2003 to May in 2004 were examined. Infection rates by farms were obtained as follows; 1. Pneumonia was varied from 34.6% to 74.1% and pneumonic score was 1.47∼7.06. As for atrophic rhinitis, four farms were 100% and one farm was 89.5% and rhinitis score was 1.3∼3.2. 2. The infection rate of pericarditis and peritonitis was 1.0∼3.9% and liver white spots, papular dermatitis were observed in pigs of 9.8∼29.7%, 16.7∼51.4% respectively. 3. The outbreak rates of interstitial nephritis, lesions of ileal thickening and gastric ulcer were 15.4∼24.1%, 7.7∼13.5%, and 62.7%∼86.2% respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2001

Five years old Asian male elephant (Elephas maximus), transported from Malaysia, had showed slight inappetence and mild diarrhea from begining of stay at the zoo, and died after three months clinical therapy. Necropsy of this elephant grossly demonstrated ileocecal intussusception as the cause of the death, coupled with purulent nephritis together and nephrolithiasis, mild liver degeneration, numerous subepiacrdial and subendocardial hemorrhages. Bacteriological culture was conducted from renal pelvis revealing Klebsiella pneumonia infection. Histological findings included diffuse chronic interstitial nephritis with numerous amount of lymphocytes and giant cells. This is a unique combination of pathological findings consisting of intestinal intussusception and purulent pyelonephritis in elephant. This is the first description of intestinal intussusception together with severe nephritis in elephant

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.7-20
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• 1972

Experimental radiation nephritis was produced in 15 rabbits by X-irradiation. About $2,000{\gamma}$ (tissue doses) were given to both kidneys of a rabbit in 5 days. Other tissues and organs except both kidneys were protected with 2mm thickened lead plates. 5 weeks after the last irradiation, blood pictures, blood pressures, B.U.N., serum creatinine, Ca, Mg, Fe levels and serum erythropoietin activity of the irradiated rabbits were studied. After finishing above studies, rabbits were sacrificed and both kidneys were removed and examined histopathologically. Same laboratory and pathological studies were performed in 6 control rabbits. In this study, the author obtained following results. 1) Both kidneys of rabbitis with experimental raditation nephritis showed marked histopathological changes, i.e.: renal tubules showed diffuse cloudy swelling, impacted intraluminal hyaline casts and focal precipitations of lime salts on the tubular epithelium. Diffuse interstitial fatty necrosis and various degrees of fibrotic infiltrations on the interstitium were also seen in association with focal lymphocytic infiltrations. Hyaline degenerations were observed on the glomeruli and small vessels. 2) Experimental radiation nephritis rabbits showed marked lowering in R.B.C. counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, low hematocrit values and leucopenia in comparison with those of control rabbits. (P<0.01). (Table 1 & 2). 3) Mild proteinuria were observed in experimental radiation nephritis in rabbits. 4) The levels of B.U.N. and serum creatinine increased in experimental radiation nephritis. (P<0.01). (Table 1,3 & 4) 5) The levels of serum Ca and Mg Showed no statistical difference in comparison with those of control rabbits. (P>0.05) (Table 3 & 4). 6) No statistical correlations were observable between the levels of B.U.N. and Hb. values. (${\gamma}=-0.223$) No close correlations (${\gamma}=-0.328$) were noticed between the levels of B.U.N. and serum iron levels. 7) Erythropoietin activity (R.B.C. $^{59}Fe$ Incorporation) was measured by the modified Fried method. No change in its activity was noticed in radiation nephritis group comparing with that of the control group. (P>0.05). (Table 1,3 & 5). 8) Carotid artery blood pressures showed also no difference. (P>0.05). (Table 1 & 2).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1997

Eighteen NZW rabbits used for local skin irritation study were examined grossly and microscopically for natural infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. For microscopic tissue evaluation histochemical techniques such as PAS Gram iron hematoxylin and HE stain were used. Although rabbits in the study had no abnormal clinical signs 7/18(38.9%) animals were microscopically infected with E. cuniculi. The affected rabbits had gray-whitish and depressed approximately 0.1∼0.6 cm diameter lesions in the kidneys. All other organs examined were grossly unremarkable. Histopathologically however in addition to segmental interstitial nephritis focal lymphocytic myocarditis and granulomatous inflammatory reaction in portal areas of the liver multifocal granulomatous foci with vasculitis were present in the brain kidney and lungs. Aggregates of minute oval organisms were observed in brain and kidney sections frequently within the granulomatous foci and sometimes without any inflammatory reaction particularly in the renal tubules. in histochemical stains the organisms were gram positive stained with iron hematoxylin and had PAS positive granule at one pole. They measured approximately 1.5×2.5μm consistent with E. cuniculi. Histochemical characterization is important to differentiate E. cuniculi from other common protozoal infection such as Toxoplasma gondii. This study demonstrate the importance of subclinical. E. cunuculi infection and the associated histological alterations may interfere with tissue evaluation in toxicologic studies.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 1998

Rifampin is common drug to treat tuberculosis. Rifampin induced acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia is rare and severe complication. We have experienced a case of rifampin induced acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Forty-six years old male was suffered from reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis, and had to medicate antituberculosis drugs including rifampin(600mg/day). Seven years ago, antituberdulosis medication were successfully administered to treat pulmonary tuberculosis without any side effects of drugs. But eight days after readministration of rifampin, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, oliguria, elevated BUN and creatinine were developed. And thrombocytopenia was also identified after administration of rifampin. The patient was recovered slowly after discontinuation of rifampin & intensive medical care. The renal function was normalized at 55 days after cessation of rifampin. The renal pathologic findings were interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. And, the rifampin dependent antibodies were identified by indirect antiglobulin test in the presence of rifampin. So we report this case with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.49
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• pp.310.1-310.11
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• 2018

Background: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common community-acquired bacterial infections. Recent increases of antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens might have changed the other epidemiologic characteristics of APN. The objective of this study was to describe the current epidemiology of APN in Korea, using the entire population. Methods: From the claims database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea, the patients with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes N10 (acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis) or N12 (tubulo-interstitial nephritis, neither acute nor chronic) as the primary discharge diagnosis during 2010-2014 were analyzed, with two or more claims during a 14-day period considered as a single episode. Results: The annual incidence rate of APN per 10,000 persons was 39.1 and was on the increase year to year (35.6 in 2010; 36.7 in 2011; 38.9 in 2012; 40.1 in 2013; 43.8 in 2014, P = 0.004). The increasing trend was observed in both inpatients (P = 0.014) and outpatients (P = 0.004); in both men (P = 0.042) and women (P = 0.003); and those aged under 55 years (P = 0.014) and 55 years or higher (P = 0.003). Eleven times more women were diagnosed and treated with APN than men (men vs. women, 6.5 vs. 71.3), and one of every 4.1 patients was hospitalized (inpatients vs. outpatients, 9.6 vs. 29.4). The recurrence rate was 15.8%, and the median duration from a sporadic episode (i.e., no episode in the preceding 12 months) to the first recurrence was 44 days. The recurrence probability increased with the number of previous recurrences. The average medical cost per inpatient episode was USD 1,144, which was 12.9 times higher than that per outpatient episode (USD 89). Conclusion: The epidemiology of APN in Korea has been changing with an increasing incidence rate.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.240-244
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• 2000

Rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of tuberculosis. The adverse effects of rifampin, though few, include dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and hepatic manifestations. Occasionally it produces a flu-like syndrome, interstitial nephritis, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. These manifestations usually appear in patients who take the drug intermittently. We experienced a 13 year-old girl who developed thrombocytopenia during rifampin administration of daily dosage, therefore we report a brief review with the related literatures.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Object : This study was carried out to examine the effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang on the liver and kidney of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. Methods : The histopathological changes were examined after preadministration of 100 and 200mg/100g Hwangryunhaedoktang. Results : The perivenular ballooning degeneration and infiltration of basophilic inflammatory cells were decreased in the experimental group when compared with the control group. No abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of both groups. But, interstitial nephritis was observed only in the experimental group. Conclusion : This study suggests that Hwangryunhaedoktang may be of benefit to the prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethanol, and it is more effective in high dosages.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2002

In this study, we wanted to determine if the respirotropic JMK strain of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV), which has a spike glycoprotein gene that is 99% similar to the nephropathogenic Gray strain of IBV, could adapt and cause lesions in the kidney following intracloacal passage in chickens. Two day old specific pathogen free(SPF) cchickens were infected with Gray and JMK strains by the intraocular and cloacal route. Several tissue samples were collected at various times. Viruses were recovered from more tissues and earlier in the infection from chickens infected cloacally than chickens infected intraocularly. Virus was isolated from the kidney of chickens infected with Gray by the intraocular route and JMK by the intracloacal route, but not from chicken given JMK the intraocular route. Histopathologically, interstitial nephritis was observed in Gray infected chickens. However, viral RNA or antigen were not detected in the kidney by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We further passaged the JMK strain ten times in two day old SPF chickens using cloacal inoculation. We examined the virus titer and histopathological change in the kidney at each passage level. The amount of virus recovered from the kidney was stable throughout this serial passage and the passaged virus did not caused renal damage. Further, virus could not be isolated from the kidney when chickens were infected with the passaged virus by the intraocular route. We conclude that the JMK strain has a strict upper respiratory tract tropism since cloacal passage did not produce nephrotropism or nephropathogenicity.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1998

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value and histologic correlation of sonography in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Sixty-nine patients with proteinuria over 2g per day at the time of presentation who were treated at the Korea University Hospital were included in this review. They were 1 to 15 years old(mean age, 7.8 years) with 49 males and 20 females. In each patient an ultrasound examination was done using SPA 1000(Diasonics, C.A., U.S.A.) on admission. Tissue specimens were obtained from 46 patients. The paraffin-embedded specimens were reviewed with special reference to interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, global sclerosis or inflammatory cell infiltrates. Biopsy proven renal disease were minimal change disease(n=20), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(n=7), membranous glomerulonephritis(n=2), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(n=1), $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura nephritis(n=6), IgA nephropathy(n=5), poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(n=2), systemic lupus erythematosus(n=1) and Alport syndrome(n=2). There was a significant relationship between increased cortical echogenicity and global sclerosis or tubular atrophy(P<0.05). But no significant relationship was found between increased cortical echogenicity and interstitial fibrosis, interstitial edema, or inflammatory cell infiltration. In biopsy-proven primary nephrotic syndrome(n=30), no significant relationship was found between the increased conical echogenicity and the interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis, global sclerosis, tubular atrophy or inflammatory cell infiltration. But there was a significant relationship between increased cortical echogenicity and resistance to corticosteroid (P<0.05). These results suggest that increased cortical echogenicity may be due to tubular atrophy or global sclerosis in patients with proteinuria and may be an effective indicator of resistance to corticosteroid in primary nephrotic syndrome.(J Korean Soc of Pediatr Nephrol 2:26-33, 1998)