• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2013.01a
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2013

Risk exists in all construction projects and resides among the collection of subcontractors and their array of individual activities. Wherever risk resides, the interrelation of participants to one another becomes paramount for the way in which risk is measured. Inherent risk becomes recognizable and quantifiable within network schedules in the form of consuming float - the flexibility to absorb delays. Allocating, owning, valuing, and expending such float in network schedules has been debated since the inception of the critical path method itself. This research investigates the foundational element of a three-part approach that examines how float can be traded as a commodity, a concept whose promise remains unfulfilled for lack of a holistic approach. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of financial portfolio theory, which describes the relationship between risk and expected return of individual stocks, is explored as an analogy to quantify the inherent risk of the participants in construction projects. The inherent relationship between them and their impact on overall schedule performance, defined as schedule risk -the likelihood of failing to meet schedule plans and the effect of such failure, is matched with the use of CAPM's beta component - the risk correlation measure of an individual stock to that of the entire market - to determine parallels with respect to the inner workings and risks represented by each entity or activity within a schedule. This correlation is the initial theoretical extension that is required to identify where risk resides within construction projects, allocate and commoditize it, and achieve actual tradability.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.82-95
• /
• 2024

As automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed from handcrafted techniques to deep learning, holistic scoring capabilities have merged. However, specific trait assessment remains a challenge because of the limited depth of earlier methods in modeling dual assessments for holistic and multi-trait tasks. To overcome this challenge, we explore providing comprehensive feedback while modeling the interconnections between holistic and trait representations. We introduce the DualBERT-Trans-CNN model, which combines transformer-based representations with a novel dual-scale bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) encoding approach at the document-level. By explicitly leveraging multi-trait representations in a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, our DualBERT-Trans-CNN emphasizes the interrelation between holistic and trait-based score predictions, aiming for improved accuracy. For validation, we conducted extensive tests on the ASAP++ and TOEFL11 datasets. Against models of the same MTL setting, ours showed a 2.0% increase in its holistic score. Additionally, compared with single-task learning (STL) models, ours demonstrated a 3.6% enhancement in average multi-trait performance on the ASAP++ dataset.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.64-86
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study is to develop NCS-based vocational curriculum procedures developing models recognized by experts in the National Skill Standards and to verify them. As for a research method for efficiently achieving this study, Delphi research has been conducted three times based on the result of preliminary Delphi investigation, contents of in-depth interview (review and advice), and consideration of previous studies and literature research related to NCS in Korea and abroad. Major results of study in regard of validation of NCS-based vocational curriculum procedures developing models recognized by experts of National Skill Standards are as follows. First, validity of conceptual model(plan) of NCS-based vocational curriculum developing procedures was verified. According to the result of implementing it on 10 members of verification for Delphi preliminary investigation tools, the average was higher than 4.70, and validity of contents was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. Secondly, validity of conceptual model(plan) of NCS-based vocational curriculum developing procedures was verified by using Delphi preliminary investigation tools. According to the result of verifying it in order on 10 members of verification for Delphi preliminary investigation tools, validity of contents on questions in each area from the development procedures model(plan) was all 1.00, and appropriateness of contents on the components was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. In addition, validity of contents on interrelation and comprehensiveness of components in the development procedures model(plan) was all turned out to be very satisfying in 1.00. Third, Delphi investigation was implemented in three rounds on 26 Delphi panel members for the verification. As a result consistency rate of interrelation and comprehensiveness among questions in each area of development procedures model(plan), components on the contents, and elements was turned out to be outstanding in .75 from all of three rounds. Here, consistency rate from all three rounds was turned out to be 1.00, and convergence rate was shown to be .00 that very well satisfied the conditions(except for 1 question out of 29). Therefore, it was confirmed that opinion from Delphi panel members was completely consistent in the third round of Delphi investigation research. Such a result in the study was from how Delphi selection criteria were strictly reinforced, and, at the same time, implies how will of participation of Delphi panel members was important.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2012

Total reduction factor that is used when calculating allowable tensile strength of geogrids is made by multiplying the installation damage reduction factor ($RF_{ID}$), chemical degradation reduction factor ($RF_D$), and creep reduction factor ($RF_{CR}$) etc. In case of a model estimating allowable tensile strength considering reduction factor over the short-term tensile strength of geogrids, it has a limit of not considering interaction force between reduction factors. Junction strength comes to be reduced by installation damages or chemical degradation in the same way as tensile strength. Single junction test method cannot properly test damaged samples and shows large deviations as it does not consider scale effect. Besides, regarding calculating shear strength, no reasonable study on reduction factors was conducted yet. Therefore, in this study, reduction factors that may affect the long-term performance of geogrids were revaluated considering various conditions and accurate long-term allowable tensile strength was calculated considering interrelation between reduction factors. Creep results after installation damage and chemical resistance test showed lower value than calculated value according to GRI GG-4. After the installation damage test and the chemical resistance test, the reduction factor of junction strength was less than that of tensile strength. Shear strength before and after installation damage showed no change or increase.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.33-56
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of hospitals that patients safety and quality improvement by accreditation process and to examine the impact or interrelation of leadership, organizational culture, hospital management activities and recognition of hospital management performances. The data were collected through a review of the literature, and selfadministered survey with a structured questionnaires to 714 subjects from several medical staff members, administration staff members, nursing staff members, medical technicians and other staff members working in 23 accredited hospitals in Korea. In this analysis hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation model were used. The conclusion of this study provides a theoretical model for understanding organizational changes brought about by accreditation system. Factor on improvement of efficiency and raise the morale, rather than increase of medical income and reduce of the cost factors, had a stronger influence on the accreditation process. In the future, the hospital's participation to induce the accreditation program voluntarily will come up with an alternative policy concern about financial perspective. Also, the hospitals which preparing accreditation program to achieve the goal efficiently, will make use of transformational leadership through enhancing individual consideration and intellectual development to leading members participation. Additionally, non-accredited hospitals should aim at professional culture by innovative and creative approaches, and inviting members to learning and growth in the organization.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2009

An architectural space can be considered a life form that interconnects a number of architectural elements such as the humans who live in it. It is difficult to understand and evaluate the complexity of the interrelation between each element, but there have been various attempts to understand and evaluate this architectural space. The Space Syntax that emerged in 1980s has been studied and used more frequently than other methods. Space Syntax is the space analysis tool that analyzes the physical structure of space and represents it as a graph. Space syntax enables its various applications in space analysis by quantifying each spatial property of a whole structure, analyzing it systemically and objectively based on mathematical logic, and representing the results as a quantitative value. Integration of Space Syntax, a widely used index, reflects human behavior in spatial configuration. Meanwhile, there have been various studies in the field of architectural environmental psychology about the relationships between space and human behavior by applying behavioral science to architectural plan. One of the most widely used one is spatial behavior simulation which uses models and simulates the behavioral characteristics to anticipate practical situations and investigate the behavior related spatial problems. In this study, which focuses on the accessibility of the space syntax model, the usefulness of space will be analyzed through the simulation of human behavior that moves through each space. Furthermore, the validity of index will be verified by displaying several examples and compared with integration in space syntax, which represents the usefulness of space.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.22
• /
• pp.85-115
• /
• 2007

Following is discovered in this study by some. First, attribute(product/non- product) of that truth that get through experiment of this study is WOM deduced result that have statistical meaning in dependent variable which is public trust only in this study. Specially, information by word of mouth type received High positive response more with non-product information by word of mouth attribute than the product attribute in all experiment products that is parted according to involvement. Consumer's response by involvement level of product can affect for site attitude, public trust, and intention to purchase by second. For example, consumer's site attitude has induced the most positive response, and can confirm positive response of High consumer most in that involvement sensitivity product in that participation reason type product and could confirm response that is the most positive in that involvement reason product even if there is for intention to purchase. Result of this study is grasped that have High mean value relatively in site attitude, product attitude, information by word of mouth effect, public trust, brand attitude, purchase intention etc. generally that product involvement and information by word of mouth attribute are interrelation by third. This can change fairly data processing process according to consumer's Involvement Level, behavior deterministic process, consumer's action with attitude formation process, and involvement for products. High occasion than is low incline more efforts in information retrieval and is discreet result such as study finding of produce.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.13D no.5 s.108
• /
• pp.725-730
• /
• 2006

Recently Web services have become a key technology which is indispensable for e-business. Due to its ability to provide the desired information or service regardless of time and place, integrating current application systems within a single business or between multiple businesses with standardized technologies are realized using the open network and Internet. However, the current Web Services Retrieval Systems, based on text oriented search are incapable of providing reliable search results by perceiving the similarity or interrelation between the various terms. Currently there are no web services retrieval models containing such semantic web functions. This research work is purported for solving such problems by designing and implementing an extended Semantic Web Services Retrieval Model that is capable of searching for general web documents, UDDI and semantic web documents. Execution result is proposed in this paper and its efficiency and accuracy are verified through it.

• 기호학연구
• /
• no.54
• /
• pp.205-224
• /
• 2018

This research is to investigate the way to combine Peirce's typology of signs with architectural design. A new diagram is suggested to ensure the continuity of Peirce's typology, by rearranging and reconstructing the well known inverted triangle diagram showing the structure of the typology. The new diagram is easier to understand the organization of the typology, by showing the linkages between sign types and their relationships with other types. A way to adapt the new diagram to architectural design for the purpose of representing typology as well as ensuring model growth as semiotic model for architectural design model. The new model is organized of three sign clusters, sinsign cluster, legisign cluster, and symbolic cluster. They are interrelated through successive inclusion and case inclustion. The new model is organized of threefold layers. The first layer is internal structure of each cluster. The second is interrelation between cluster. The third is mediation of symbolic cluster between sinsign cluster and legisign cluster. This paper investigate and demonstrate the possibility of adaptation of the new model in architectural design. It has been argued that the theoretical basis of sign typology is adaptable to architectural design by principle. More future research issues are discussed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.41-63
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrelation of influential factors in organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey with a structured Questionnaire to 1,167 subjects from several nursing staff members, administration staff members and medical technicians of six hospitals. In this analysis frequency test, t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation model were used. The main findings of this study are as follows. 1. Factors which influence organizational conflict were analyzed. The type of occupation and the year of service were socio-demographic variables which influenced organizational conflict positively. Adjusted R square was 0.03. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two- level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. Adjusted R square increased to 0.25. The year of service, internal process culture and rational goal culture were positive variables. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture were negative variables. 2. Variables which influence organizational commitment were analyzed. Age and the year of service were positive variables, while academic background based on high school education was a negative variable. Adjusted R square was 0.16. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two-level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. The characteristics of organizational structure, human relations culture and organizational culture were positive variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.55. The variables of organizational conflict were added in 3 steps. Findings were as follows. The variables of hierarchical conflict showed negative influence and were included in two-level influential variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.56. 3. Structural equation model was analyzed in order to examine the relation between organizational structure and the variables of organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment. Thirteen path coefficients out of seventeen path coefficients were significant. Age had negative influence on organizational conflict and positive influence on organizational commitment. The year of service had positive influence on organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture had negative influence on organizational. conflict. They had positive influence on organizational commitment. Internal process culture and rational goal culture had positive influence on organizational conflict. Organizational conflict had negative influence on organizational commitment. The squared multiple correlation of this model was 25.1% in organizational conflict and 52.7% in organizational commitment. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Factors in organizational structure and organizational culture, rather than socio-demographic factors, had a stronger influence on the organizational conflict and organizational commitment of hospitals. In order to decrease organizational conflict, to increase organizational commitment and to maximize the effectiveness of hospital management, it is necessary to understand the overall relation between organizational structure, organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment, with the effort of improving personalized factors and individual factors of organization management.