• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1443-1450
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent parking dispatching system based on LoRa network technology. During the local festival, many tourists come into the festival site simultaneously after sunset. To handle the traffic jam and parking dispatching, many traffic management staffs are engaged in the main road to guide the cars to available parking lots. Nevertheless, the traffic problems are more serious at the peak time of festival. Such parking dispatching problems are complex and real-time traffic information dependent. We used Queuing theory to predict inbound traffics and to measure parking service performance. Q-learning algorithm is used to find fastest routes and dispatch the vehicles efficiently to the available parking lots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.650-652
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• 2013

As VANET(Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) improves road safety, efficiency, and comfort, and provides a value-added service such as commerce information or internet access. it is the most important technology in ITS(Intelligent Transportation System). But, In VANETs, better communication efficiency can be achieved by sacrificing security and vice versa. VANETs cannot get started without either of them. Therefore, to solve these problems simultaneously, this paper proposes MAC(Message Authentication Code) based SDAP(Secure Data Aggregation Protocol) which removes redundant data or abnormal data between vehicles and verifies the integrity of message. The MAC based SDAP not only improves the efficiency of data delivery but also enhances the security by detecting malicious attacks such as propagation jamming attack, forgery attack, and disguised attack.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2006

Since wireless Internet services and small mobile communication devices come into wide use as well as the use of GPS is rapidly growing, researches on moving object, whose location information shifts sequently in accordance with time interval, are being carried out actively. Especially, the researches on vehicle moving object are applied to Advanced traveler information system, vehicle tracking system, and distribution transport system. These systems are very useful in searching previous positions, predicted future positions, the optimum course, and the shortest course of a vehicle by managing historical data of the vehicle movement. In addition, vehicle historical data are used for distribution transport plan and vehicle allocation. Vehicle historical data are stored at regular intervals, which can have a pattern. For example, a vehicle going repeatedly around a specific section follows a route very similar to another. If historical data of the vehicle with a repeated route course are stored at regular intervals, many redundant data occur, which result in much waste of storage. Therefore this thesis suggest a vehicle historical data store scheme for vehicles with a repeated route course using similar trajectory which efficiently store vehicle historical data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.889-895
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• 2019

It is not easy to keep time promises in the complex daily lives. Especially, the increase in the number of vehicles causes traffic congestion in commuting time, which results in the delayed arrival and varies greatly depending on the weather conditions. In this paper, proposed is a smart alarm clock that automatically adjusts the alarm time according to weather conditions and suggests ways to deal with traffic congestion. The proposed smart alarm clock is designed to operate the functions of a normal alarm clock using touch functionality. In addition, it is designed to find weather information using open API and to automatically change alarm time to prepare for expected time delay. The proposed design was implemented based on Arduino Mega2560 and a touch TFT-LCD. WiFi module for internet connection, RTC module for clock function and MP3 player module for alarm sound playback were used together. The proposed design has been filed as a patent and is currently under review.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

In hosting outdoor activities and school trips, safety issues are gaining serious attention lately. In addition to Sewol ferry tragedy and an incident at Kyungjoo Mauna Resort, there have been grown problems related to this crucial factor. This research analyzes negligent accidents occurred from domestic and foreign schools and aims to provide effective safety education and policy through comparative analysis between domestic and foreign cases. We mainly relied on documents such as newspapers, internet articles and legal papers to investigate cases and cooperated with relevant government departments for collecting references and setting agenda for safety supervision. The analysis on both domestic and foreign cases revealed that students abroad receive opportunities for first-hand experience regarding safety and systematic education, as safety maintenance is prioritized. Based on this culture, safety education should be habituated domestically, while participatory safety programs that students can actively involve must also be devised. Moreover, through preparation of entertaining contents such as SNS game programs, skits and activities employing multiple facilities and vehicles at school safety education, we must induce students to actively participate in the program with interests.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.104-111
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• 2012

It is advantageous to avoid the handover to cell whose dwell time is short or can be ignored in terms of service continuity and average throughput. This paper proposes the handover scheme that is suitable for vehicle in order to improve the wireless Internet service quality. In the proposed scheme, the handover process continues to be learned before being modeled to Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC). This modeling reduces the handover frequency by preventing the handover to cell that could provide service sufficiently to passenger even when vehicle passed through the cell but there was no need to perform handover. In order to verify the proposed scheme, we observed the average number of handovers, the average RSSI and the average throughput on various moving paths that vehicle moved in the given urban environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2004

Precise time synchronization is a main technology in high-speed communications, parallel and distributed processing systems, Internet information industry and electronic commerce. Synchronized clocks are useful for many leasers. Often a distributed system is designed to realize some synchronized behavior, especially in real-time processing in factories, aircraft, space vehicles, and military applications. Nowadays, time synchronization has been compulsory thing as distributed processing and network operations are generalized. A network time server obtains, keeps accurate and precise time by synchronizing its local clock to standard reference time source and distributes time information through standard time synchronization protocol. This paper describes design issues and implementation of a network time server for time synchronization especially based on a clock model. The system uses GPS (Global Positioning System) as a standard reference time source and offers UTC (universal Time coordinated) through NTP (Network Time protocol). Implementation result and performance analysis are also presented.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.30-40
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• 2024

Building an accurate 3-D spatial road network model has become an active area of research now-a-days that profess to be a new paradigm in developing Smart roads and intelligent transportation system (ITS) which will help the public and private road impresario for better road mobility and eco-routing so that better road traffic, less carbon emission and road safety may be ensured. Dealing with such a large scale 3-D road network data poses challenges in getting accurate elevation information of a road network to better estimate the CO₂ emission and accurate routing for the vehicles in Internet of Vehicle (IoV) scenario. Clustering and regression techniques are found suitable in discovering the missing elevation information in 3-D spatial road network dataset for some points in the road network which is envisaged of helping the public a better eco-routing experience. Further, recently Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) draws attention of the researchers to better interprete, transparent and comprehensible, thus enabling to design efficient choice based models choices depending upon users requirements. The 3-D road network dataset, comprising of spatial attributes (longitude, latitude, altitude) of North Jutland, Denmark, collected from publicly available UCI repositories is preprocessed through feature engineering and scaling to ensure optimal accuracy for clustering and regression tasks. K-Means clustering and regression using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel are employed for 3-D road network analysis. Silhouette scores and number of clusters are chosen for measuring cluster quality whereas error metric such as MAE ( Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) are considered for evaluating the regression method. To have better interpretability of the Clustering and regression models, SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), a powerful xAI technique is employed in this research. From extensive experiments , it is observed that SHAP analysis validated the importance of latitude and altitude in predicting longitude, particularly in the four-cluster setup, providing critical insights into model behavior and feature contributions SHAP analysis validated the importance of latitude and altitude in predicting longitude, particularly in the four-cluster setup, providing critical insights into model behavior and feature contributions with an accuracy of 97.22% and strong performance metrics across all classes having MAE of 0.0346, and MSE of 0.0018. On the other hand, the ten-cluster setup, while faster in SHAP analysis, presented challenges in interpretability due to increased clustering complexity. Hence, K-Means clustering with K=4 and SVM hybrid models demonstrated superior performance and interpretability, highlighting the importance of careful cluster selection to balance model complexity and predictive accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

The V-world, Spatial information open platform map service, provides various national spatial data. Recently, with the development of IT technology, demand for 3D geospatial data that can be merged with new industries such as Internet of Things(IoT) and autonomous vehicles is increasing. Because 3D geospatial data is large and complex, many computer resources are used to provide map services. Most of the 3D map services, such as Vworld, are constructed binary data in consideration of performance. However, this type of data is incompatible because it is difficult to use in other services if there is no precise understanding of the specification. In this paper, we propose a data serialization method to improve the compatibility of new Vworld 3D format which is constructed in binary form. The performance of binary data and serialized binary data is tested and compared. As a result, it is expected that the data using the serialization technique will be similar to the binary data and contribute to improve compatibility.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

A two-wheel balancing vehicle, which helps people moving freely and fast, and is applied from inverted pendulum system, has been widely researched and developed, and some products are came into a market in actuality. Until now, the two-wheel balancing vehicles developed have chosen the general PID control method. In this paper, we propose a new control method to improve a control capacity for a two-wheeled balancing vehicle for human transportation. The proposed method is the fuzzy PD+I control that is one of the improved PID control, and it contains a 2input-1output fuzzy system. This fuzzy system processes signals from proportional and derivative controller, and the fuzzy output signal generates the final output by summing up integral signal. The non-linearity of the fuzzy system makes an optimal output control signal by changing weight of the proportional signal and the derivative signal in process of time. We have simulated the fuzzy PD+I control system and experimented by implementing the two-wheel balancing mobile robot to verify the advantages of the proposed fuzzy PD+I control method in comparison with general PID control. As the results of simulation and experimentation, the proposed fuzzy PD+I control method has better control performance than general PID in this system and improves it.