• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.25-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to employ the Latent Growth Curve Model(LGM) to investigate the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors and to identify predictors that might have an effect on change and the level of developmental trajectories. Furthermore, we classified the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, and also analyzed factors which caused differences in developmental trajectories by Semi-Parametric Group-based Modeling. This study used data from wave 1-4(2004~2008) of elementary school fourth grade panel of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). The results showed that children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors changed significantly from the fourth grade of elementary school to the first grade of middle school. The predictors for developmental trajectories of children's internalizing problem behaviors were gender, self-control, parental conflict, deviant peers, and attachment to teachers. The predictors for the developmental trajectories of children's externalizing problem behaviors were gender, self-esteem, self-control, and deviant peers. The developmental trajectories of children's internalizing problem behaviors was classified into three groups. The developmental trajectories of children's externalizing problem behaviors was classified into four groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.89-103
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories of adolescents' internalizing problem behaviors. The data came from 3,188 middle school students through their participation in the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). Adolescents with a high level of internalizing problem behaviors in the first year showed a rapid decline in these behaviors over time, whereas for adolescents with a low level of these behaviors in the first year the decline was slow. The predictors of the developmental trajectories were related to individual variables, such as gender, self-esteem, self-control, stress, self-stigmatization, and academic achievement. The developmental trajectories of adolescents' internalizing problem behaviors were classified into four groups. The predictors of the patterns of developmental trajectories in adolescents' internalizing problem behaviors appeared to be related to individual variables.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationships among individual factors, family factors, peer relationships and the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of adolescents. The data were obtained from a sample of 417 7th and 8th grade students. These data were collected with questionnaires and analyzed by using a t-test, Pearson's correlation, and a multiple regression analysis with SPSS ver. 18.0. The results can be summarized as follows. There is a significant difference in an adolescent's self-control, their father's rejective rearing, peer pressure, and the peer relationship between boys and girls. The results showed that boys had higher self-esteem and father's rejective rearing than girls. On the other hand, girls had higher peer pressure and more intimate peer relationships than boys. The results revealed that the 7th grade students had higher self-esteem and mother's warmth rearing than the 8th graders. Furthermore, the 8th grade students showed higher shame, mother's rejective rearing, marital conflict, internalizing behavior, and externalizing behavior than the 7th graders. The internalizing behavior in boys was influenced by shame, marital conflict, and peer pressure. In the case of girls, the internalizing behavior was affected by shame, mother's warmth rearing, and peer pressure. The externalizing behavior in boys was influenced by self-control and shame. In the case of girls, the externalizing behavior was affected by self-control, shame, marital conflict, and peer pressure. Adolescents who exhibited higher levels of shame than others and higher peer pressure showed internalizing problem behaviors. Adolescents who had less self-control and more shame, experienced more externalizing behavior problems.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems may be more common in children with disability families but rarely known is the magnitude of the problem and the risk factors compared to those in children with non-disability families. This study was undertaken to examine if socio-economic factors, parental health, and family functioning affect children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors differently between two comparison groups. The research literature on childhood behaviors was briefly reviewed. The data was derived from the Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004. Regression analyses provide evidence that the family type, economic status, and income level are uniquely associated with an increased risks of internalizing or externalizing behavior problems in children with disability families, whereas sex, age, family size, parental health, and family functioning factors have similar impacts on the child's internalizing or externalizing variances between two groups. Intervention is desirable to address the concerns influencing internalizing and externalizing performances among children with disability or non-disability families.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship and influence of parents' family interaction, parenting efficacy, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: 1,418 children and their parents, and survey data from a panel study on Korean children (2014), were used to analyze the structural equation model. Results: First, the mother's family interaction had direct influence on their parenting efficacy, as well as their child's internalization and externalization. Second, the father's family interaction had a direct influence only on the internal problem behaviors of the child, and child external problem behaviors were influenced through the father's parenting efficacy. Third, parenting efficacy mediated the effects of family interaction on the problem behavior of children. Especially, the father's family interaction was found to affect child variables through the mother's parenting efficacy. Finally, the internalizing problem behaviors of the child mediated the effects of the parents' family interaction and parenting efficacy on child externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are significant in that the factors of father, mother, and child are interrelated, and that parent interaction has varying influence on the problems of their children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.139-158
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of Korean parents' family-of-origin experiences, marital conflict, open or dysfunctional communication with their children, children's coping behaviors on their behavior problems as a function of a child's sex. Theoretical models for both sexes were constructed based on the results. Two hundred and nine boys and one hundred and ninety six girls of 4th and 5th grades from two elementary schools filled out the questionnaires to assess their communication with the parents, their problem-focused coping behaviors, and their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Four hundred five parents of these children answered the questionnaires to assess differentiation for the family-of-origin and the marital conflict. The results were as follows. Boys' path pattern showed that the fathers' differentiation from the family-of-origin effected their sons' internalizing and externalizing behavior problems through parent-child dysfunctional communication. Girls' path exhibited two different patterns. One is that the mothers' differentiation from the family-of-origin effected their daughters' internalizing and externalizing behavior problems through parent-child dysfunctional communication. Another one is that the mothers' differentiation from the family-of-origin influenced children's internalizing behavior problems through daughters' problem-focused coping behaviors as well as parent-child dysfunctional communication.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

This longitudinal study tested the role of adolescents' emotional regulation and self-esteem as mediators of the associations between parenting behaviors and adolescent's internalizing problems one year later in a sample of 125 adolescents aged 16 to 17 years growing up in single parent families. Structural equation modeling was used for analyses of research questions. Results indicated that time 1 parenting behaviors were not associated with time 2 adolescents' internalizing problems directly, but that time 1 and time 2 self-esteem mediated the associations between time 1 parenting behaviors and time 2 adolescents' internalizing problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.7-27
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• 2011

This study empirically examines the effects of after-school self-care on children's development. More specifically, we examine whether the level of after-school self-care experiences that a child had during the 4 to 6 grade period affects the levels of school achievement, internalizing problem behaviors, externalizing problem behaviors, and delinquent behaviors during the child's middle school years. The study utilized the data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study's 1st and 4th year child supplementary surveys. The results show that the level of after-school self-care experiences negatively affects children's school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. The study finds that, as the level of after-school self-care experiences increase, school achievement decreases and internalizing problem behaviors increase. The effects of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing behaviors were statistically significant even after controlling for the other variables that are known to be important factors on child development including child, parent, and family characteristics. The findings suggest that there is an independent effect of the level of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. We also provide policy implications of the study. The policy considerations for latchkey children should include not only increasing the quantity of after-school programs, but also paying attention to the need of child development support programs beyond basic protection and care.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to show general trends in the degree of parental monitoring, self-control and problem behavior perceived by adolescents and to examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with gender of adolescents and mother's employment, and then to determine the effects of these variables on adolescents' problem behavior. The subjects were 1288 adolescents of middle school in Busan (male 661, female 627). The main results were as follow. (1) General trends in the degree of internalizing problems and total behavior problems showed that girls had more problem behaviors than boys. (2) Boys and girls with unemployed mother perceived more parental monitoring than ones with employed mothers. Boys with unemployed mother had more self-control than ones with employed mothers. Boys with employed mother showed more problem hehaviors than ones with unemployed mother. (3) Mother's employment, the degree of parental monitoring and self-control had a significant indirect effect on internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total behavior problems. (4) The degree of self-control was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.578-587
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the food behavior during the childhood, the influence of food behavior on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and the pattern of influence of food behavior on behavior problem depending on children's age and gender. A total of 171 children aged 5 and 6 years were selected who attended 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten in Seoul, and the survey data responded by teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less internalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. The main effects and interaction of gender and age were not significant. Second, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less externalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. For hyperactivity, interaction of age and food behavior was significant, and age and the interaction of age and food behavior affected children's agression. Food behavior of children affects behavior problem and, therefore, children with better food behavior showed less behavior problems in the same circumstances.