• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2002

Purpose： The reliability of absolute quantification of average metabolite concentrations in the human brain in vivo by H-MRS using the fully relaxed water signal as an internal standard was evaluated in a number of in vitro as well as in vivo measurements. Method： The experiments were performed on 3T MEDINUS MAGNUM MR-scanner using a STEAM sequence.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.260-267
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• 1985

A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed to measure tranylcypromine in rat urine. The method involves extraction of the drug and the internal standard, phenylpropylamine from the urine using ethyl acetate and back extraction into 0.5N $H_{2}SO_{4}$. Following final extraction using dichloromethane, both the drug and the internal standard were converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives and analyzed using a column of 3% SE-30 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb W(HP). A calibration curve was constructed in the range of $5~50{\mu}g$tranylcypromine sulfate in 0.5ml urine and found to be linear. The detection limit was $2{\mu}g$. The tranylcypromine could be analyzed with the percent recovery of $100.81{\pm}8.13$ (SD) ina concentration range of $8-40{\mu}g$ in 0.5ml urine. When 0.4mmol/kg dose of the drug was administered through, an oral route, excretion percent of tranylcypromine in rat urine over 36hr was found to be $11.90{\pm}6.04$ (SD) for tranyleypromine sulfate and $2.23{\pm}0.63$ (SD) for benzyl trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbamate.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2001

A comprehensive analytical method of endocrine distruptors[i.e., nonylphenol(NP), octylphenol(OP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(BEHP)] is fish samples was developed using two internal standards. This method employed closed culture tube extraction with dichloromethane and solvent exchange to iso-hexane and SPE(2g) aminopropyl column, followed by determination on gas chromatograph linked to mass spectrometer(GC/MS) operated in the single ion monitoring(SIM) mode. The recoveries of nonylphenol and octyphenol in the range of $0.2{\sim}20{\mu}g/g$ using 1-phenyl decanol as one internal standard were over 75%, and recovery of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the range of $0.4{\sim}40{\mu}g/g$ using bis(2-ethylbutyl)phthalate(BEBP) as the other internal standards was showed over 102%. The present method was applied to fish samples from Korea and UK. The range of concentrations for nonylphnol(NP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Korean fish were $0.02{\sim}0.06{\mu}g/g$ in 2 samples and $0.18{\sim}2.03{\mu}g/g$ in 9 samples respectively, but bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(BEHP) in UK samples was found $2.99{\mu}g/g$ in just 1 sample. But octylphenol(OP) was not dected in any samples by this method. This two internal standard method provides a more precise analytical tool to investigate endocrine disruptors in a biological matrices of limited quantity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2002

Background : Tuberculin skin test is a method to examine M. tuberculosis infection and has been used all over the world. But various factors make it difficult to understand testing results. In 2000, the American Thoracic Society recommended that skin test results should be decided by considering risk factors of the tested. In Korea, high tuberculosis infection rate and BCG vaccination rate make it difficult to differentiate current infection, past infection, and no infection by the skin test. This study was attempted to examine a negative predictive value of the skin test to understand how the skin test acts on deciding administration of anti-tuberculosis drug. Methods : From Mar. 1 to Jul. 31 in 2001, the test was performed for patients hospitalized in Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchon, Korea by administering Tuberculin PPD RT23 2 TU (0.1 ml)to them that has been currently used in Korea based on Mantoux method. They were decided to be infected with tuberculosis bacilli by following diagnostic standard: 1) tuberculosis bacilli was cultured in sputum by microbiological diagnostic standard or Acid-fast bacilli was proven on a microscopic examination or 2) tuberculosis bacilli was not proven in the aforesaid microbiological test by clinical diagnostic standard, while there was opinion or symptom suitable for tuberculosis by radiographic or histological standard so the doctor decided to apply the tuberculosis treatment. Results : In this study, total 210 patients except 20 patients (8.7%) among 230 hospitalized patients were evaluated. Their average age was 60±16.8 years, and male-female rate was 1.28 : 1 (male: 118, female: 92). Number of patient, who was diagnosed and decided as tuberculosis, was 53(25.2%). Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 45 patients (84.9%); 22 patients were decided to be positive in the Acid-fast bacilli smear test by microbiological examination (culture positive: 13, culture negative: 9), and 23 patients were decided to be tuberculosis patients by clinical diagnosis standard. Tuberculosis pleuritis was found in 8 patients (15.1%); 4 patients were diagnosed and decided by histological standard, and 4 patients were decided and treated by clinical standard. In differentiating patients into 'Negative' and 'Positive' by the skin test standard of the American Thoracic Society, negative predictive value 92.3%, positive predictive value 47.3%, sensitivity and specificity were 83%, 68.8%, respectively. Conclusion : In hospitalized respiratory patients, there was high negative predictive vlaue 92.3% by tuberculin skin test, therefore skin test would be a important factor for deciding administration of anti-tuberculosis drug on negative skin test patient.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2020

Purpose: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of three-unit Co-Cr frameworks fabricated by computer-aided metal milling and direct metal laser sintering(DMLS) systems in comparison to conventional casting method. Methods: Three-unit Co-Cr frameworks were fabricated by conventional wax up with casting(CWC), computer-aided metal milling(MM) and direct metal laser sintering(DMLS)(n=10 each). The marginal and internal fit of specimens were examined using a light-body silicone impression material. The thickness of light-body silicone was measured at eight reference points each, divided in the mesio distal and bucco lingual directions. All measurements were conducted by a stereomicroscope. Digital photos were taken at 150× magnification and then analyzed using a measurement software. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used for analyzing the results. Results: The mean(SD) is ㎛ for fabrication methods, the mean marginal fit were recorded respectively, DMLS 39(27), followed by CWC 63(38), MM 220(128). and the mean internal fit CWC 95(47), DMLS 116(49), MM 210(152). In addition, the largest gap was found in the occlusal surface area among the internal measurement areas of all groups. Conclusion: As a result, the direct metal laser sintering method showed better marginal and internal fit than the metal milling method. The marginal and internal fit were statistically different according to the three fabrication methods(p<0.001). Except the MM group, the marginal fit of the CWC and DMLS groups was below the clinical standard of 120 ㎛. Based on the results of this study, it can be applied to clinical use in the future.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool for pattern identification of radiation pneumonitis. Methods: Textbooks, published studies, and references with comments about patterns were reviewed. Through the Delphi method, we determined pattern identifications based on advice from a committee of experts composed of 13 Korean respiratory internal medicine professors. Results: Using the Delphi method, four pattern identifications were chosen: Qi Deficiency (氣虛), Yin Deficiency (陰虛), Heat Toxin (熱毒), and Phlegm Dampness (痰濕). The tool was developed in a question-and-answer format with 35 questions. Conclusions: A pattern identification tool that can discriminate the patterns of radiation pneumonitis for standardized diagnosis was developed through expert consultation. Further study of its validity and reliability is necessary.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.10-16
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• 1995

In this study, the optimum design is carried out upon the crankshaft of in-line 6-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine with the mechanical analysis for the layout design, which is standard calculation whose process contains quadratic curve fitting method and quasi newton method about cost function, design variables and constraint conditions, Without finite element analysis, this process in wich mechanical analysis is performed upon the most critical part in crankshaft gives necessary and satisfied output in layout design and saves time and cost in developing a new diesel engine. In this study, also, the 3-dimensional finite element method is used in confirming the standard calculation for the optimization of crankshaft and the shape optimization in crankweb is obtained.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.401-413
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• 2022

This paper provides a simple method by which to estimate the cross-section stress profiles for nozzles designed according to ASME Code Section III. Further, this method validates the effectiveness of earlier work performed by the authors on standard nozzles. The method requires only the geometric information of the pressure vessel and the attached nozzle. A PWR direct vessel injection nozzle, a PWR outlet nozzle, a PWR inlet nozzle and a BWR recirculation outlet nozzle are selected based on their corresponding specific designs, e.g., a varying nozzle radius, a varying nozzle thickness and an outlet nozzle boss. A cross-section stress profile comparison shows that the estimates are in good agreement with the finite element analysis results. Differences in stress intensity factors calculated in accordance with ASME BPVC Section XI Appendix G are discussed. In addition, a change in the dimensions of an alternate nozzle design relative to the standard values is discussed, focusing on the stress concentration factors of the nozzle inside corner.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.162-168
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• 2009

Objective: This report aimed to study fibromyalgia's diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses and its pathology from the viewpoint of oriental medicine. Method: We observed and diagnosed a female patient who complained of prolonged whole body pain, even several times hospitalized for treatment. Result: The patient's symptoms correspond with fibromyalgia and we ruled out other suspected diseases. Conclusion: Fibromyalgia is prone to be misdiagnosed because the patient has complicated symptoms such as various pains and chronic fatigue as well as depression unexplained by medical tests. Furthermore, the symptoms often never disappear completely, although it isn't progressive or life-threatening, and can be improved. So accumulation of data and analysis from the viewpoint of oriental medicine is necessary for development of oriental medical standard treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an often lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The safety of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been validated, but mixed results have been obtained due to heterogeneity of the MSCs. In this phase I study, the safety of bone marrow-derived homogeneous clonal MSCs (cMSCs) isolated by a new subfractionation culturing method was evaluated. cMSCs were produced in a GMP facility and intravenously administered to patients who had refractory GVHD to standard treatment resulting after allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancies. After administration of a single dose ($1{\times}10^6cells/kg$), 11 patients were evaluated for cMSC treatment safety and efficacy. During the trial, nine patients had 85 total adverse events and the rate of serious adverse events was 27.3% (3/11 patients). The only one adverse drug reaction related to cMSC administration was grade 2 myalgia in one patient. Treatment response was observed in four patients: one with acute GVHD (partial response) and three with chronic GVHD. The other chronic patients maintained stable disease during the observation period. This study demonstrates single cMSC infusion to have an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy, suggesting that we can proceed with the next stage of the clinical trial.