• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

The relevance between organisms and their external environment covers everything including humans, natural and artificial surroundings, regarding which academic and scientific understanding has continued. Relevant elements established by inter-dependence between humans and environment and the unity of life should be translated from the perspective of a whole, not of unit elements or reduction. That is, a space is formed by its own program and assumes sustainable relevance based on interactions between internal and external spaces, not building an independent system. The present study aims to present the feasibility of a potential mutant space formed by invisible arenas between individuals and evolutionary space formation based on an ecological paradigm Accordingly, this study suggested that evolutionary attributes as the major power source of biological changes could verify the virtual multiplicity of a new space formation, and that the potential form generation of hybrid mutant space of emergence and infinite formative capability could be supported. The suggestions made here will hopefully contribute to extending applicability of evolutionary space generation in the field of space design. To derive the potential mutant forms from biological space, a preliminary study was conducted regarding the characteristics of evolutionary form generation. For the purpose of this study, three evolutionary perspectives of reproduction, mutation (variation) and selection were taken. First, the theory of evolution was defined and characterized. Also, the relevance between the characteristics generated and hybrid mutant space was analyzed to consider relevant characteristics. The present study helped to understand that the hybrid mutant space had an evolutionary space structure based on a biological paradigm. It was also found that the mutant space structure built by mutant polymorphism assumed a systematic correlation between space and environment.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.411-424
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• 2017

An all-digital delay-locked loop (DLL) for a mobile memory interface, which runs at 0.11-2.5 GHz with a phase-shift capability of $180^{\circ}$, has two internal DLLs: a global DLL which uses a time-to-digital converter to assist fast locking, and shuts down after locking to save power; and a local DLL which uses a phase detector with an adaptive phase sampling window (WPD) to reduce jitter accumulation. The WPD in the local DLL adjusts the width of its sampling window adaptively to control the loop bandwidth, thus reducing jitter induced by UP/DN dithering, input clock jitter, and supply/ground noise. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, the DLL operates over 0.11-2.5 GHz. It locks within 6 clock cycles at 0.11 GHz, and within 17 clock cycles at 2.5 GHz. At 2.5 GHz, the integrated jitter is $954fs_{rms}$, and the long-term jitter is $2.33ps_{rms}/23.10ps_{pp}$. The ratio of the RMS jitter at the output to that at the input is about 1.17 at 2.5 GHz, when the sampling window of the WPD is being adjusted adaptively. The DLL consumes 1.77 mW/GHz and occupies $0.075mm^2$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2016

In recent years, business environment is faced with multi uncertainty that have not been suffered in the past. As supply chain is getting expanded and longer, the flow of information, material and production is also being complicated. It is well known that development service industry using application software has various uncertainty in random events such as supply and demand fluctuation of developer's capcity, project effective date after winning a contract, manpower cost (or revenue), subcontract cost (or purchase), and overrun due to developer's skill-level. This study intends to social contribution through attempts to optimize enterprise's goal by supply chain management platform to balance demand and supply and stochastic programming which is basically applied in order to solve uncertainty considering economical and operational risk at solution supplier. In Particular, this study emphasizes to determine allocation of internal and external manpower of developers using S&OP (Sales & Operations Planning) as monthly resource input has constraint on resource's capability that shared in industry or task. This study is to verify how Stochastic Programming such as Markowitz's MV (Mean Variance) model or 2-Stage Recourse Model is flexible and efficient than Deterministic Programming in software enterprise field by experiment with process and data from service industry which is manufacturing software and performing projects. In addition, this study is also to analysis how profit and labor input plan according to scope of uncertainty is changed based on Pareto Optimal, then lastly it is to enumerate limitation of the study extracted drawback which can be happened in real business environment and to contribute direction in future research considering another applicable methodology.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

This study aims at finding out pertinent reaction conditions for treating high concentration ammonia contained in N-chemical factory wastewater with decompressed ammonia stripping method that was designed. And it also tries to investigate adsorption capability of removed ammonia to soil. The results from experiments are as follows ; 1. The removal rate of N $H_3$-N of synthetic wastewater was under 85% at pH 10 with decompressed ammonia stripping method. The reaction time in pressure 360 mmHg at pH 11 and 12 was shorter than in 460 mmHg, and the removal rate of N $H_3$-N with decompressed ammonia stripping method at 9$0^{\circ}C$ was 11~15% higher than air stripping 2. The optimum conditions for decompressed ammonia stripping with synthetic sample were shown as pH 12, temperature 9$0^{\circ}C$, internal reaction pressure 460 mmHg and reaction time 50 minutes. These conditions were applied to treat the wastewater containing organic-N 290.5mg/$\ell$, N $H_3$-N 168.9mg/$\ell$, N $O_2$-N 23.2mg/$\ell$, N $O_3$-N 252.4mg/$\ell$, T-N 735mg/$\ell$. Organic-N turned out to be removed 60%, the removal rate of N $H_3$-N IS 94%, T-N is 50%. But N $O_2$-N and N $O_3$-N were increased with 7.8% and 14.9% respectively. 3. The CO $D_{Sr}$ removal rate in decompressed ammonia stripping reaction was 42% and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ was removed 8.2%. It was turned out caused with higher pH and thermolysis. 4. In soil adsorption of ammonia desorbed from the decompressed stripping process of wastewater, the recovery rate was 76% in wet soil.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1128-1139
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• 2013

KOMPSAT-5(KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-5) has a benefit of continuously conducting its mission in all weather and even night by loading SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) payload, which is different from optical sensor of KOMPSAT-2 satellite. During IOT(In-Orbit Test) periods, SAR image calibration should be conducted through ground target of which location and RCS is pre-determined. Differently from the conventional corner reflector, active transponder has a capability to change its internal transfer gain and delay, which allows active transponder to be shown in a pixel of SAR image with very high radiance and virtual location. In this paper, the development of active transponder is presented from design to I&T(Integration and Test).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

Business performance measurement is used as an important tool to evaluate management performance, control human resources, and implement strategies. It can be measured simply in terms of finance including net profit, return on investment, and return on equity, but this is not sufficient because the performance outside of finance such as internal business process and informatization cannot be examined. Therefore this study defined a KPI(Key Performance Indicators) applicable to local construction companies ranked in the top 30 in construction capability, and also introduced differentiated results from the earlier studies by reflecting more realistic corporate management based on the existing studies and interviews with business experts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.493-503
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• 2009

Bridge redundancy is defined as the capability of a bridge to sustain loads after one of its main members incurs damage. It is affected by many parameters, including the number of girders, span length, girder height, internal supports, and secondary members. The present AASHTO and Korean Bridge design codes, however, define bridge redundancy only as the number of girders, and neither the evaluation method nor the required level of redundancy is given. This study presented a redundancy evaluation method for plate girder bridges with severe fatigue damage based on the reliability method,by considering the essential parameters. A required level of redundancy was also proposed as a target system reliability index from the load capacity analysis and reliability analysis of the basis bridge designed by LRFD. Finally, the level of redundancy of simple and continuous plate girder bridges with a variable number of girders designed by ASD was evaluated and presented.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2011

To isolate a novel antifungal compound, we obtained 107 kinds of endolichenic fungi from Lichen Bioresources Center and examined their antifungal capability. Two fungi EL123 and EL156 showed high antifungal activity against Candida albicans in both MYA and EMM media. Nucleotide sequence analysis and NCBI Blast analysis in ITS region including 5.8S rRNA revealed that EL123 has 95% homology with Thielavia microspora and EL156, 99% with Cryptosporiopsis diversispora which belong to Ascomycetes. It observed that EL156 formed a branched mycelium whereas EL123 formed a straight one. EL156 also produced the antifungal substance faster than EL123 when they grew on MY liquid medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.241-262
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• 2006

The University libraries need to develop the balanced scorecard concerning general management in order to measure the total performance of the organization that measure not only quantity measurement based on resources and quality measurement based on information services but also effectiveness of resource utilization, efficiency ability providing the services and potential capability of the members adopting the diverse changes flexibility as organic organization under the rapidly changing circumstances nowadays. This study developed the BSC model into the four perspectives such as customer, resource, internal process, learning and growing modifying BSC model developed by Kaplan and Norton to fit university libraries as nonprofit organization and developed the strategic map and performance measurement indicators on the strategy of each perspective. Ultimately, this study tried to provide an integrated strategic management indicators providing comprehensive picture of university libraries from strategic plan to performance applying the BSC linking strategic plan.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.142-158
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• 2013

The bumblebee, Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is a valuable natural resource that is widely utilized for greenhouse pollination in South Korea. Understanding the magnitude of genetic diversity and geographic relationships is of fundamental importance for long term preservation and utilization. As a first step, we sequenced a partial COI gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) corresponding to the "DNA barcode" region and the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 88 individuals collected in nine South Korean localities. The complete ITS2 sequences were longest among known insects, ranging in size from 2,034 bp ~ 2,052 bp, harboring two duplicated 112-bp long repeats. The 658-bp long mtDNA sequences provided only six haplotypes with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.61% (4 bp), whereas the ITS sequences provided 84 sequence types with a maximum sequence divergence of 1.02% (21 sites). The combination of the current COI data with those of published data suggest that the B. ignitus in South Korea and China are genetically a large group, but those in Japan can be roughly separated into another group. Overall, a very high per generation migration ratio, a very low level of genetic fixation, and no discernable hierarchical population were found to exist among the South Korean populations of B. ignitus, which suggests panmixia. This finding is consistent with our understanding of the dispersal capability of the species.