• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2014

고삼, 감초 및 백선피는 염증성 질환 치료를 위한 목적으로 오랜 동안 사용되어 온 한약제이다. 본 연구에서는 이들 한약제의 에탄올 추출물과 각 한약제 추출물의 복합물에 대한 항염증 효능을 LPS에 의하여 활성화되는 RAW 264.7 대식세포 모델을 사용하여 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 고삼 추출물(EESF), 감초 추출물(EEGU), 백선피추출물(EEDD) 및 추출복합물(MHMIXs)을 준비하였으며, 항염증 효능 평가를 위한 인자로서 대표적인 염증 매개인자로서 NO와 $PGE_2$를, 염증성 cytokine 중에서는 $IL-1{\beta}$와 $TNF-{\alpha}$를 선정하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 각 한약제 단독 추출물 및 추출복합물은 LPS로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 NO와 $PGE_2$ 및 염증성 cytokine의 생성을 모두 억제하였으며, 이러한 생성 억제는 해당 단백질의 발현 억제를 통해 이루어졌다. 비록 각각의 단일 추출물과 추출복합물이 항염증 효과가 우수하다고 평가되지만, 세포 독성과 다양한 염증성 매개인자 및 cytokine의 억제 효과를 전체적으로 고려할 경우 EESF, EEGU 및 EEDD가 3:1:1로 혼합된 MHMIX-1이 항염증 관련약품 및 소재 개발에 보다 효과임을 제안하며, 이는 과도하게 활성화된 대식세포에 의한 염증성 질환 조절에 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2008

본 연구는 프로폴리스 추출물 및 발효 프로폴리스 추출물의 투여에 의한 면역활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 프로폴리스 추출물 및 발효 프로폴리스 추출물을 체중 kg 당 50, 100, 200 mg/kg의 농도로 BALB/c 마우스에게 14일 동안 연속적으로 경구투여한 후, 이러한 시험물질 투여에 기인한 비장림프구와 창자간막 림프구의 증식능, 림프구의 아집단 비율의 변화 및 사이토카인 분비능을 측정하였다. 또한 비장 림프구로부터 NK 세포를 분리하여 YAC-1 세포를 살해하는 NK 세포의 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 프로폴리스 및 발효 프로폴리스의 투여에 의해 비장 림프구와 창자간막 림프구의 T 림프구($CD3^+$) 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 $CD4^+$와 $CD8^+$ T 림프구 비율의 증가에 기인하였다. 비장 및 창자간막 림프절로부터 분리한 림프구의 증식능도 프로폴리스 및 발효 프로폴리스 투여에 의해 증가되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Th-1/Th-2 사인토카인 분비에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 비장림프구에서는 발효 프로폴리스 추출물이 프로폴리스 추출물에 비하여 IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4의 분비를 증강시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 창자간막 림프구의 Th-2 사이토카인 분비증강은 고농도(200 mg/kg)의 프로폴리스 및 발효 프로폴리스 추출물 투여군에서만 관찰되었다. 프로폴리스 및 발효 프로폴리스 투여에 의해 YAC-1 세포를 살해하는 NK 세포의 활성도 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로, 프로폴리스 및 발효 프로폴리스 추출물의 경구투여는 체내 면역기능을 증강 시킬 수 있는 면역조절제로서의 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2005

Objectives: Chungpaesagan-tang (CPSGT), which is frequently used for treating patients of cerebrovascular disease, has not been reported by clinical doctors concerning the effect of neuronal aptosis caused by brain ischemia. To study the effect of CPSGT on focal cerebral ischemia in normal and diabetic rats and SHR, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient MCAO, and after onset CPSGT was administrated. Methods: Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups: sham-operated group, MCA-occluded group, CPSGT­administrated group after MCA occlusion, and normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. CPSGT was administrated orally twice (l and 4 hours) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. All groups were sacrificed at 24 hours after the surgery. The brain tissue Was stained with $2\%$ triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) or $1\%$ cresyl violet solution, to examine effect of CPSGT on ischemic brain tissue. The blood samples were obtained from the heart.~. Tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ level and interleukin-6 level of serum was measured from sera using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Then changes of immunohistochemical expression of $TNF-\alpha$ in ischemic damaged areas were observed. Results: In NC+MCAO+CP and DM+MCAO+CP, CPSGT significantly (p<0.01) decreased the number of neuron cells compared to the control group. CPSGT markedly reduced (p<0.01) the infarct size of the forebrain in distance from the interaural line on cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. CPSGT significantly reduced the $TNF-\alpha$ expression in penumbra region of damaged hemisphere in diabetic rats. Conclusions: CPSGT had a protective effect on cerebral ischemia in SD rats, especially in diabetic rats compared with normal SD rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.894-900
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• 2005

목 적 : 조직적합 항원의 불일치로 인하여 골수이식을 할 수 없는 경우에 점점 더 제대혈이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 제대혈의 조혈모세포의 수가 적기 때문에 이를 증가시킬 대책이 필요한 바, 여러 성장인자를 조합하여 체외증폭하여 말초혈의 체외증폭과 비교하였다. 방 법 : 저자들은 제대혈 및 말초혈로부터 분리한 CD34+ 세포를 혈청이 아닌 배양체에서 체외 증폭하여 비교하였다. Miltenyi 방법으로 분리한 CD34+는 조혈성장인자들과 함께 체외 증폭 시켰다. 증폭 당일, 4일 후, 7일 후 및 14일에 증폭된 세포를 가지고 burst-forming units of erythrocytes (BFU-E), colony-forming units of granulocytes and monocytes (CFU-GM) 및 colony-forming units of megakaryocytes (CFU-Mk)의 생성 능력을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 말초혈에 비하여 제대혈로부터 분리한 CD34+ 세포의 증폭 능력이 2배로 컸다. 체외에서7일 및 14일 동안 증폭된 제대혈이 더 많은 BFU-E를 생성하였고, 4일 및 7일 동안 증폭된 제대혈이 더 많은 CFU-Mk를 생성하였다. 결 론 : MGDF, FL 및 IL-3를 포함한 성장인자의 자극 하에서 제대혈의 체외 증폭이 더 많은 BFU-E 및 CFU-Mk를 생성하였으므로, 이를 이용한 체외 증폭을 시도하는 것의 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.954-961
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• 2007

The experiments were conducted to determine effects of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on T cell subpopulations and responsiveness to mitogen of splenocytes in male broiler chicks. In experiment 1, birds (8-d old) were fed basal, CLA-(CLA) and safflower oil-supplemented (SA) diets which were formulated by supplementary 10 g CLA or safflower oil/kg to the basal diet for 14 d. Broiler starter diet, which mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal, was served as the basal diet. Proliferative response and interleukin (IL)-2-like activity stimulated by concanavalin (Con) A at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of splenocytes in chicks fed the CLA diet were greater than in chicks fed the SA diet, but not at $20{\mu}g$ Con A/ml. Percentage of CD3-positive T cells in splenocytes did not differ between chicks fed the SA diet and CLA. Ratio of CD4-positive T cells to CD8- positive T cells was significantly affected by dietary fat source. In experiment 2, broiler chicks (1-d old) were fed the same diets as in experiment 1 for 14 d. Results of splenocyte proliferation to Con A were similar to those in experiment 1, but phytohemaggulutinin (PHA)- or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- induced splenocyte proliferation did not differ between the CLA and SA fed groups. Supplementation with SA or CLA to the basal diet tended to have a depressive effect on the proliferation, with the greater effect being that of SA. In experiment 3, effect of an addition of CLA to splenocyte culture medium on splenocyte proliferation was determined. An addition of CLA to the culture medium resulted in reduction of the splenocyte proliferation to Con A, but an addition of linoleic acid. When PWM and PHA were used as mitogen, the inhibitory effect of CLA and linoleic acid on the proliferation did not differ. The results suggested that the effect of dietary CLA on splenocyte proliferation was similar to that of SA, although the effect of dietary CLA on sub-populations was slightly different from that of dietary SA. Further studies are needed to clarify whether use of CLA would be beneficial for maintaining or enhancing T cell immunity in chicks.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2004

It has been reported that Bopheyangyoungjeon(BYJ) has an effect on deficiency asthma(喘虛) clinically. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate dosage of BYJ to treat asthma. In order to study the effects of orally administered BYJ on allergic asthma, mice were pretreated with three oral doses of the herbal solution of BYJ before antigen sensitization. 2 days later Mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and 13 day later ovalbumin aerosols were used to provoke asthmatic reaction. Serum level of IgE, IL-4, WBC, RBC, HGB, cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to acetylcholine(ACh, 0.1-1000uM), KCl were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. Contractile responses of TSM to ACh significantly increased in C group at Ach 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000uM(P<0.05, P<0.01) and increased in D at 0.1, 0.3, 3, 30, 30, 100, 300, 1000uM. 2. The sensitivity of TSM to Ach increased more in A, B group, but it was not significant. 3. The maximal contractile response of TSM to ACh decreased more significantly in C group(P<0.01) and D group(P<0.05) the control group. 4. The maximal contractile response of TSM to KCI decreased more significantly in B group and C group(P<0.001) than in the control group. 5. The counts of lymphocytes in BALF decreased more significantly in B group and D group(P<0.05) than in the control group. 6. The counts of macrophages in BALF decreased more significantly in B group, C(P<0.05) than in the control group. 8. Serum IgE level increased more significantly in B group and C group(P<0.05) than the control group. 9. The counts of WBC, RBC, HGB in blood increased more significantly in A group than the control group. The above results support a role for BYJ orally administered in treatment of deficiency allergic Asthma.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae: S. herbacea) is a salt marsh plant, which has long been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment of intestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis in Oriental countries. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of this herb, we conducted an anti-oxidative activity, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and the suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, with the solvent-extracts of S. herbacea. We found that both ethyl acetate and n-butanol tractions showed potent anti-oxidative effects in comparison to other fractions using xanthine oxidase assay with $IC_{50}$ values of $66.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $82.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, both ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed more electron donating activity (EDA) than other tractions, according to DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl radical) assay. The EDA of ethyl acetate fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $117.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$) is more significant than that of n-butanol fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $375.0{\pm}12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$). Among potential anti-oxidative tractions, ethyl acetate traction dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell, while n-butanol did not. As expected, ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cell stimulated by $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Moreover, the ethyl acetate traction suppressed the expression of interleukin-1 $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that S. herbacea may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating radical-induced toxicity and various pro-inflammatory responses.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a well known Korean traditional herbal prescription, which consists of 3 different herbs, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Ginseng, and Fructus Schisandrae. SMS has been commonly used in various disease including respiratory system and cardiovascular System in Korea. The objective of this study is to find out the improving effects of SMS against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. SMS reduced clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, and increased disease activity index. The results showed that SMS significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65 in the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. In addition, we observed that result showed that the levels of IL-6 in plasma were increased in DSS treated group compared to those of the normal group, but these increased levels were reduced by administration with SMS. Taken together, these findings suggest that SMS has improving effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

Objectives : Yukil-san (YIS, 六一散; Liu yi san) is composed of Talcum and Glycyrrhizae Radix, the name is said to be derived from the proportion of the two herbal components of the formula. The YIS originated from 'Formulas from the discussion illuminating the Yellow Emperor's Basic Question'(黃帝素問宣明論方; Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang) written by Liu Wan-Su (劉完素). YIS could clear summerheat, resolve dampness, and augment the qi. This formula may be used to treat the common cold, influenza, acute gastroenteritis, cystitis, urethritis and bacillary dysentery. But, there is insufficient of study about the effects of YIS on the anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of YIS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA kit. The expression of proteins related with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were assessed by western blot analysis. Results : YIS significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS increased by LPS, and thus significantly inhibited the production of NO. In addition, YIS significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the regulation of inflammation, NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role. YIS inhibited the expression of p-IκBα and thus inhibited the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Conclusions : These results suggest that YIS ameliorates inflammatory response in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, via suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this study provides objective evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of YIS including the underlying mechanisms.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

Objectives : Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, which is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness and decrease range of motion. The present study was designed to compare the therapeutic effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma water extract (DRW) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma 30% ethanol extract (DRE) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA ($50{\mu}{\ell}$ with $80mg/m{\ell}$) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After adaptation period for seven days, rats were divided by 5 groups (n=10/group): normal group, control group, positive control (indomethacin 5 mg/kg), DRW 200 mg/kg treated group, DRE 200 mg/kg treated group (n=10/group). The hind paw weight distribution was measured with the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) in articulation tissue. Also, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factoralpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : The administration of DRW and DRE significantly decreased the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and $ONOO^-$ levels of cartilaginous tissue were significantly decreased in DRW and DRE compared to control group. The results showed that DRE decreased inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and $TNF{\alpha}$. Also DRE decreased MMP-1 and increased TIMP-1. Conclusions : Based on the above results, Dioscoreae Rhizoma extract seems to have the therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis via suppression of inflammation.