• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.944-952
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• 2009

이 논문은 철근콘크리트 구조물의 균열폭 계산을 위한 해석적 모델을 제안한 것이다. 철근과 콘크리트 경계면에서 발생하는 실제와 유사한 형태의 부착응력-슬립 특성을 수치적으로 전개하기 위해서 수치해석을 통하여 균열안정화단계에서의 철근과 콘크리트 경계면에서 발생하는 슬립이 선형 분포함을 확인하고, CEB-FIP Model Code 1990과 Eurocode 2에서 제시하고 있는 부착응력-슬립 관계에 적용하였다. 이와 같은 방법을 통하여 균열과 균열 사이에서 철근의 매입길이 방향으로 발생하는 철근과 콘크리트의 변형률 차이가 균열면으로 누적되는 양을 계산할 수 있는 평형방정식을 유도하고, 이로부터 두 재료의 축방향 변형량의 차이로부터 균열폭을 계산할 수 있는 모델을 제안하였다. 이렇게 정식화된 새로운 균열폭 모델을 기존 문헌에 발표된 여러 연구자들의 실험 자료에 적용하여 그 정확성을 검증한 결과, 제안식에 의한 예측값은 현재 사용되고 있는 여러 설계기준의 균열폭 규정으로 계산한 결과에 비하여 실험값을 비교적 정확하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2021

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a composite material where small fibers made from steel or polypropylene or similar material are embedded into concrete matrix. In a material model each constituent should be adequately described, especially the interface between the matrix and fibers that is determined with the 'bond-slip' law. 'Bond-slip' law describes relation between the force in a fiber and its displacement. Bond-slip relation is usually obtained from tension laboratory experiments where a fiber is pulled out from a matrix (concrete) block. However, theoretically bond-slip relation could be determined from bending experiments since in bending the fibers in FRC get pulled-out from the concrete matrix. We have performed specially designed laboratory experiments of three-point beam bending with an intention of using experimental data for determination of material parameters. In addition, we have formulated simple layered model for description of the behavior of beams in the three-point bending test. It is not possible to use this 'forward' beam model for extraction of material parameters so an inverse model has been devised. This model is a basis for formulation of an inverse model that could be used for parameter extraction from laboratory tests. The key assumption in the developed inverse solution procedure is that some values in the formulation are known and comprised in the experimental data. The procedure includes measured data and its derivative, the formulation is nonlinear and solution is obtained from an iterative procedure. The proposed method is numerically validated in the example at the end of the paper and it is demonstrated that material parameters could be successfully recovered from measured data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.257-276
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• 1996

In North America, a large number of concrete old slab-on-steel girder bridges, classified noncomposite, were built without any mechanic connections. The stablizing effect due to slab/girder interface contact and friction on the steel girders was totally neglected in practice. Experimental results indicate that this effect can lead to a significant underestimation of the load-carrying capacity of these bridges. In this paper, the two major components-concrete slab and steel girders, are treat as two deformable bodies in contact. A finite element procedure with considering the effect of friction and contact for the analysis of concrete slab-on-steel girder bridges is presented. The interface friction phenomenon and finite element formulation are described using an updated configuration under large deformations to account for the influence of any possible kinematic motions on the interface boundary conditions. The constitutive model for frictional contact are considered as slip work-dependent to account for the irreversible nature of friction forces and degradation of interface shear resistance. The proposed procedure is further validated by experimental bridge models.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2005

The mechanical damage of concrete is normally attributed to the formation of microcracks and their propagation and coalescence into macroscopic cracks. This physical degradation is caused from progressive and hierarchical damage of the microstructure due to debonding and slip along bimaterial interfaces at the mesoscale. Their growth and coalescence leads to initiation of hairline discrete cracks at the mesoscale. Eventually, single or multiple major discrete cracks develop at the macroscale. In this paper, from this conceptual model of mechanical damage in concrete, the computational efforts were made in order to characterize physical cracks and how to quantify the damage of concrete materials within the laws of thermodynamics with the aid of interface element in traditional finite element methodology. One dimensional effective traction/jump constitutive interface law is introduced in order to accommodate the normal opening and tangential slips on the interfaces between different materials(adhesion) or similar materials(cohesion) in two and three dimensional problems. Mode I failure and mixed mode failure of various geometries and boundary conditions are discussed in the sense of crack propagation and their spent of fracture energy under monotonic displacement control.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.659-676
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• 2005

The novel form of composite walling system consists of two skins of profiled steel sheeting with an in-fill of concrete. The behaviour of such walling under in-plane shear is important in order to utilise this system as shear elements in a steel framed building. Steel sheet-concrete interface governs composite action, overall behaviour and failure modes of such walls. This paper describes the finite element (FE) modelling of the shear behaviour of walls with particular emphasis on the simulation of steel-concrete interface. The modelling of complex non-linear steel-concrete interaction in composite walls is conducted by using different FE models. Four FE models are developed and characterized by their approaches to simulate steel-concrete interface behaviour allowing either full or partial composite action. Non-linear interface or joint elements are introduced between steel and concrete to simulate partial composite action that allows steel-concrete in-plane slip or out of plane separation. The properties of such interface/joint elements are optimised through extensive parametric FE analysis using experimental results to achieve reliable and accurate simulation of actual steel-concrete interaction in a wall. The performance of developed FE models is validated through small-scale model tests. FE models are found to simulate strength, stiffness and strain characteristics reasonably well. The performance of a model with joint elements connecting steel and concrete layers is found better than full composite (without interface or joint elements) and other models with interface elements. The proposed FE model can be used to simulate the shear behaviour of composite walls in practical situation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.126-129
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• 2004

This paper presents the way to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of the Compound motor and 3 phase slip ring motor using VIS (Virtual Instrument System) and Agilent VEE, GUI(Graphics User Interface) tool. This method is composed of real time measuring of various characteristics, which can't measure using analog meter and analyzer, and presenting and analyzing the static and dynamic characteristics by table, which calculates the measured parameter. Also, this can apply to the various parts.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.447-456
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• 1990

ZnWO4 single crystals were grown by Czochralski method. And the orientation of grown crystals were determined by Laue back reflection, and the crystals were siliced at (100), (010), (001) face before polishing. The morphologys and distribution of etch pits on each face were observed by optical microscopy. In the present study, we understood that dislocation distributjioon rely on shape of solid-liquid interface, and secondary phase acts on the dislocation source. We also observed dislocation trace(etch pits) of (100) slip plane on (010) cleavage plane.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.510-513
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• 2004

The objectives of this research are to evaluate the effect of the compressive strength of concrete, reinforcing bar size, spacing of column transverse bars related to the concrete confinement effects on anchorage bond strength and bond behavior of beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading and to predict the bond behavior of beam-column joints according to the variables by Finite Element Analysis appling the interface element between concrete and reinforced bar surface in a three-dimensional configuration. This paper shows that to verify the results by three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis appling a interface element, the test results that were already conducted are compared with analytic results. The behavior of bond and anchorage of beam bar is expressed by a local bond stress-slip relationship and the failure mode of bond is predicted by principal stress contour.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.789-796
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• 2009

Microdroplet deposition in a micro-groove is studied numerically. The droplet shape is determined by a level-set method which is improved by incorporating a sharp-interface modeling technique for accurately enforcing the matching conditions at the liquid-gas interface and the no-slip and contact angle conditions at an immersed solid surface. The computations are carried out to investigate the droplet behavior derived by the interfacial characteristics between the liquid-gas-solid phases. The effects of contact angle, impact velocity and groove geometry on droplet deposition in a micro-groove are quantified.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.361-364
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• 2006

In this study, six specimens were prepared for two type FRP sheets(carbon and polyacetal) to evaluate the behavior of FRP-concrete interfacial bond. A direct tensile test was conducted and the test results show that fiber type influences both bond strength and the shape of strain distribution. The failure mode for carbon type specimens seems to bond failure between concrete and FRP, but for polyacetal type indicates interface failure between FRP and expoxy. The local bond stress-slip relations were obtained from test results, and it was shown good shape for the polyacetal type. But for the carbon type it was scattered.