• Journal of Game and Entertainment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

Whereas comics were printed on a paper in the past, it is now possible to produce digital comics thanks to the development of computer technology. However, it only came to be implemented on a monitor instead of paper and did not fully utilize a digital environment. That is because most digital comics have been made to be transferred in 'one-way' which means that contents of authors are transferred only to readers not vice versa. Recently, the notion of the 'interactive' in the digital contents takes its own shape even at the 'interactive way' of the communications change through the author and the reader's interactivity using the digital technology. As such, the study put more importance on the digital comics in a proper interactive story-telling structure and one of its category through the suggestion of the above and the soil where to develop the following study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2006

Whereas comics were printed on a paper in the past, it is now possible to produce digital comics thanks to the development of computer technology. However, it only came to be implemented on a monitor instead of paper and did not fully utilize a digital environment. That is because most digital comics or published comics have been made to be transferred in 'one-way' which means that contents of authors are transferred only to readers not vice versa. Recently, the notion of the 'interactive' in the digital contents takes its own shape even at the 'interactive way' of the communications change through the author and the reader's interactivity using the digital technology. As such, the study put more importance on the digital comics in a proper interactive story-telling structure and one of its category through the suggestion of the above and the soil where to develop the following study.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

In this study, it was witnessed that a variety of tests are implemented in a type of convergence of multimedia such as photos, sounds, and videos as well as letters and drawings, components of existing traditional comics as comics are digitalized and are converted to various devices. Therefore, we studied the concept of multimedia comics as a basis of this study by judging that new barometer to comics lies in convergence with such multimedia. After recognizing components of multimedia comics which are currently emerging, we categorized them into three types depending on how to use these elements. First, convergence type webtoon has a very similar format with existing vertical scrolling webtoon and has characteristics that background & effects sounds are added to emphasize the features of webtoon, or photos or videos are inserted in part, and there is no function to control these elements; Second, motion comic, a medium format between comic and animation has a characteristic that sound, video, paging are auto-played like watching animation but it keeps the format of comics within one frame; Third, interactive comic has a characteristic that effects sound, motion, and story are made by active participation of viewers. As a result of analyzing comics which having above multimedia characteristics, its implications are as followings: First, multimedia elements should be used depending on genre, age, and media; Second, high level of control technology considering the features of comic-viewers is needed. In other words, in continuously evolving media environments, comic contents being proper to targets and use purposes of viewers should be developed. For this, multimedia elements of comics should be used in order that comic-viewers can have active & interactive communication with contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.652-656
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• 2007

It devides that a comic book is based on paper and the other one is serviced through the medium of internet. Each one called conventional form of comic book and digital one; however, it is simply uploaded scan-images of comic book on monitors instead of paper. This is just only difference of output form of comics and it does not bring out digital feature. Thus the new possibility of digital comics will be searched with the core of digital contents, interactivity is applied for comic frame-manner.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

It devides that a comic book is based on paper and the other one is serviced through the medium of internet. Each one called conventional form of comic book and digital one. Currently digital comics are published on the various portals and WEB sites and they become one of the comic media and service. However, it is simply uploaded scan-images of comic book on monitors instead of paper. This is just only difference of output form of comics and it does not bring out any digital feature. Now we need a new comic research and experiments that are applied characters of digital for the conventional comic directing. Thus this research presents that the new possibility of digital comics with the core of digital contents, interactivity is applied for comic frame-manner and user customized storytelling.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.49-64
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• 2011

Comics is sequential art. In comics, the story is developped by its sequential panels which have their own sizes and sites. Accordingly, comics is closer to 'space' art than text. The reading order in a page of comic book follows the human long-standing reading habit, and it is the same as that of textbook. When we read a korean comic book, our eyes run from left to right, and downward on the page. But some factors related to panels or comic structures can change the typical reading order. Meanwhile, breaking the typical reading order is easier in the "infinite canvas" by reason of unconstrained spatial composition. This paper introduces the factors that change the comic book readers' reading order and proposes a tablet PC comic book layout which includes an arbitrary reading path using interaction

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.27
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• pp.79-97
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• 2012

Comic book readers have respectively different reading speed and this means that time in comics is translated by readers' view. The authors arrange panels and gutters to control time, but time recognition in comics depends on the readers and generally it is the readers' role. On the contrary, the phenomenon having occurred by infinite canvas varied the authority of timing. Infinite canvas can give the comic book authors more authority of controlling timing than the readers by intervening in readers' relative time as an agents and transforming their fictive time into absolute time. Following to the concept of "Agency" in games, agency is the power which satisfies the players by reemergence of their intentions. Since some of digital comics absorbed the properties of other media such as animation and sound, we can see that the reader's timing agency is shifted to the author's timing agency. The purpose of this study is to analyse this phenomenon and to remind that agency motivated by the balance between material constraints and formal constraints becomes a condition of readability of digital comics but excessive timing constraints given to the readers causes a decrease of the readers' timing agency. This also can be a considerable matter when we produce digital comics.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.34
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• pp.263-292
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• 2014

This research explores websites of comics museum provided by the Korean Manhwa Museum and the Kyoto International Manga Museum and is supposed to analyze the type of content and finding out features. Since both museums specialize in comics and provide diverse information related to comics and their museums, this research analyze them on the basis of three types of categories, which are public relations content, professional content, and exhibition/education content The result shows that both museums generally provide similar type of information and content even though there are small differences. Especially, they have common points in the way that both offer detailed information of museum facilities and about exhibition schedules and education programs. However, the goal they are aiming at shows a difference. Korea Manhwa Museum tries to have interactive communication with its site visitors using the bulletin board system and to update newly published comics and events frequently managing separate websites. Kyoto International Manga Museum seems to focus on promoting itself in order to have more museum visitors. It provides detailed information such as history of the museum building, the object of setting up the museum and so on. Also, it provides four different foreign language websites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.104-106
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 디지털환경에 최적화될 수 있는 만화를 인터랙티브 만화로 제안하며, 인터랙티브 만화의 특징을 바탕으로 재미요소를 도출하였다. 재미요소의 기준은 '스토리', '인터페이스', '장면연출효과'로 구분하였다. 먼저, 스토리의 재미요소는 사용자의 참여여부에 따른 이야기 구조로 추출하였고, 인터페이스의 재미요소는 직 간접적 시선 유도장치로 추출하였으며, 장면연출효과는 시 청각적 연출효과를 재미요소로 추출하였다.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.18
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• pp.283-314
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• 2009

This paper is an attempt to examine historical drama which change rapidly in the manner of seeing history. Historical records are treated differently unlike in the field of modern history. Now the distinction between historical facts and fictions becomes no longer important. This change is affected by micro history, new cultural history, or post-modern history. History and narrative become interactive each other. In this respect they are no more historical drama. by Han Areum (director Suh Jae-hyung) represents this new trends. Of course, it doesn't suddenly pop up in 2005. It began in by Lee Yoon-Taek, was reinforced in by Kim Tae-Woong, and bloomed in . I intended to search important features of by following three. First is the interest about unimportant persons such as a maid of honor, an eunuch. In , they are the main characters. The author described much about those trivial people revealing the truth in different way of the existence. Second is the way of calling a past. In this piece, the past is not continuous. The past always appears at the stage by the present in the form of split which is imagination, recollection, revival. Third is a mixing genre. Comics, melodrama, and thrillers are all together in . This is a similar phenomenon to historical novel and movie of new trend. Strictly speaking, this piece isn't a history thriller. The accident of lost prince doesn't be treated importantly and the result isn't clear either. In this piece, detective genre is used for a symbol showing that writer pursuits the history, not the event. This represents well the characters of new historical drama because how historical facts are carefully recreated and constructed are important. It's enough to show the possibility to mix genre through comics and melodrama.