• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2008

This study investigates the different characteristics (mainly of community life) in representative intentional communities, between the ecovillage and cohousing, since the different purpose of the establishment of the community might result different characteristics. The study method is data analysis: the analysis material is Community Directory, A Comprehensive Guide to Intentional Communities and Cooperative Living (Rutledge, 2005). Of 750 listed communities, 397 (211 ecovillages and 186 cohousings) communities were analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that there are clear differences of community life between ecovillages and cohousings even though two communities are regarded as similar intentional communities. The similarities between the two communities are as follows: 1) Those mostly distributed in the USA, and established before 2000. 2) Dominant size of intentional communities is less than 20 residents and 20 houses. 3) They make decisions in consensus. 4) They eat together very frequently; at least once a week or more. 5) Shared work is required. The differences between the two communities are as follows: 1) They have different aims of establishment. For instance, ecovillage focus more on eco-living, while cohousing focuses more on the cohousing idea. 2) There are more female residents in cohousings than in ecovillages. 3) There are more cohousings in urban areas with a smaller area of land, contrary to that there are more ecovillages in rural areas with larger areas of land. 4) There are less identified leaders or leadership core groups in cohousing than in ecovillages. 5) Income sharing is more common in ecovillages than in cohousings. According to there findings, it is evident that a different purpose of establishment result in different characteristics of community life even though those belong to the similar category of the intentional community. Thus, it is recommended to adapt the correct characteristics that fit the aim of the community in the establishment an intentional community Topics and discussions about establishing intentional Topics and discussions abut establishing intentional communities could contribute to gather the intentional communities could contribute to gather the interests communities could contribute to gather the interests of residents as well as those of relevant civil-workers and administrators in Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to set a relationship between intentional system and spatial orientation, and with space model in the human world to orient yourself is to present the basic spatial concepts. This is composed of parts of intentional system and spatial orientation on the research. Through the study of intentional system which is based on the orientation with Daniel Dennett's, it suggests the space-model that composed with aspects of intentionality and spatial elements. With space-model and judgement of spatial types, it makes relationship confirm between them. Through this process, following the results of this study were derived. First, intentional stance of space is the key for building knowledge and memories about space, and for identifying external environment images which are experienced in the senses of human. Second, changing the meaning from space to place makes horizons of space broader and creates a new sense of space with put the intentional orientation into the space. Third, this study can make confirm what the aspect of the space-schema-elements for orientation in space, serves as the presentation elements. This study leaps an old-view of the architectural customs about spatial orientation, and creates an opportunity to refine the newer concept of space. This concept of space is a basic essential for 'site-selection' and 'spot-catching' as an intentional system for spatial orientation and to establish a relationship with human beings in the world of his own orientation to the concept of space.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.288-296
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• 2010

Although non-surgical endodontic procedures have high success rates, failures do occur, These can be managed by root canal re-treatment or surgical intervention. Intentional replantation is an accepted endodontic treatment procedure in which a tooth is extracted and treated outside the oral cavity and then inserted into its socket to correct an obvious radiographic or clinical endodontic failure. Intentional replantation is indicated when other endodontic treatments performed to maintain the tooth have failed, or when endodontic periradicular surgery is not feasible. Intentional replantation may be particularly useful in these cases because these difficult to access areas can be maximally treated while the tooth is out of the mouth without damaging the periodontal attachment in adjacent teeth. In conclusion, intentional replantation is a reliable and even predictable procedure, and should be considered more often as a treatment modality in our efforts to maintain the natural dentition.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

In Korea, a movement for forming intentional communities is gathering people's interests to improve individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say if its management is successful or not, because intentional community is just in the experimental stage in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify actual condition of residents' participation in forming process, shared activities in their daily lives, residents' regulation, common facilities and its management in order to offer basic information for revitalization of intentional communities in Korea. 7 intentional communities including eco-friendly villages, religious communities and a cooperative housing community were collected as the study objects. Upon analysis, those communities were divided into two groups according to their purpose of establishment; "HC (Housing-life focused Community includes cooperative housing community and eco-friendly community)" and "IC (Ideology focused Community includes ideology community and religious community)" in order to identify difference in residents' participation between the two groups. In-dept interviews with representatives of 7 intentional communities by a structured questionnaire were used as study method. The findings of this study are as follows; In general, more active residents' participation is identified in ICs than in HCs. There is no common house, which is considered as essential in intentional community, in HCs, while it was facilitated in all ICs. Role of leader seems more important in ICs than in HCs. About the ownership of housing and land, private owned is common in HCs, while community owned is common in ICs. Shared activities and residents' regulations are evidently less in most HCs than in ICs. Furthermore, in order to run a community sustainable, it is crucial to encourage sense of community among residents, and developing common house and activity programs. Common house design, which can promote proactive residents' participation in shared activity should be studied fitted to Korean circumstances. Above all, proactive participation in the shared activities is one of the most important factors in intentional community.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2005

Distributed generation (DG) systems fall in islanding operation when they still in operation even when the main grid is out of electric power Islanding operation is further classified into intentional islanding and unintentional islanding operations. In intentional islanding operation, the DG backs up critical loads while it separates from the main grid on islanding detection. Intentional islanding operation increases utilization of the DG system during the islanding operation. This paper proposes reasonal inverter topology and its control algorithm for seamless transfer of DG systems in intentional islanding operation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.592-603
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• 2016

Pathologic tooth migration (PTM) caused by periodontal disease is a relatively common disease with a prevalance rate of 30~55%. It is one of the reasons for periodontal treatment of patients. PTM occurs when various factors related to the position of the tooth are altered and clinical features of PTM include facial flaring, diastema, proximal tilting, rotation, and extrusion of teeth. The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment of teeth of hopeless prognosis through the practice of modified intentional replantation on pathologic migrated tooth. This study presents cases using modified intentional replantation for the treatment of pathologic tooth migration caused by severe periodontitis. Modified intentional replantation is a technique that prepares extraction socket by using an implant drill. Based on 3 cases performed with modified intentional replantation, an improvement of clinical periodontal indicators such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, and pathologic teeth migration was observed after surgery. Also, the patients were satisfied with the functional and esthetic improvement.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2008

In Korea, a movement for founding a intentional community village is becoming popular to improve the individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say whether its management is successful or not because the intentional community village such as an eco-village is still in an experimental stage in Korea. In this study, a intentional community village was proposed as an alternative approach to help residents build an effective cooperation system and to encourage them to participate in various communal activities. Detailed cases were studied including a formation process and methods of residents' participation. Through the case study, actual conditions of the community villages and several problems were studied. The conclusion of this study is as follows; In order to sustain the community village, it is crucial to encourage the community spirit among the residents. We also find that developing various community facilities and programs can easily raise a sense of familial warmth among the residents. Above all, proactive participation in the communal activities is the most important. It is also necessary to consider the architectural design which can be used as a guiding principle for foundation of the intentional community village. In addition, concrete and systematic solutions including communal activity programs, residents education, and self management regulations must be discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Purpose: Intentional poisoning is a major public health issue in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to provide details regarding the epidemiology of intentional poisoning in a metropolitan emergency department and to identify the changing patterns and epidemiology of poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate intentional poisoning of patients who visited the emergency department in a tertiary teaching hospital between 2001 and 2015. All intentional poisoning-related emergency department visits over three five year periods (2001-2005 (P1), 2006-2010 (P2) and 2011-2015 (P3)) were reviewed to investigate trends in intentional poisoning patients. Information regarding patient sex, age, time from episode to admission, psychiatric history, type of intoxicants, alcohol co-ingestion, gastric lavage, charcoal administration, any previous suicide attempts, need for hospitalization and death before discharge was reviewed. Results: A total of 1269 patients were enrolled in this study. The number of patients admitted during each period was P1=515, P2=439 and P3=315. Comparison of the three groups revealed significant differences according to age (p<0.001), psychiatric history (p<0.001), alcohol co-ingestion (p=0.013), gastric lavage (p<0.001), charcoal administration (p<0.001), need for hospitalization (p=0.044), repeated attempt (p<0.001) and type of intoxicants (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average age of intentional poisoning patients has increased. While the use of sedatives and multiple drugs increased, the use of pesticides and the antihistamine decreased.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.294-299
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• 2013

This study has investigated the effect of intentional contact through the intercom during MRI scans on the decrease of anxiety in patients. The results obtained through the test group and control group are as follows. 1. The homogeneity of the anxiety score before the scan between the two groups was not acknowledged, hence a significant result could not be deduced. 2. Intentional contact through the intercom displayed decreasing results rational discomfort (t=-2.214, p=.031). 3. Intentional contact through the intercom displayed decreasing results of (t=-3.722, p=.000), and fear (t=-2.74, p=.009). 4. Intentional contact through the intercom displayed decreasing results of heart rate (t=-4.180, p=.000). In conclusion, the attempt to perform MRI scans with intentional contact through the intercom did not display significant effect on the blood pressure of the subject after the scan, however, displayed a decrease in objective and rational discomfort, as well as the heart rate, another vital sign. Accordingly, it is judged that intentional contact through the intercom can be used as an effective substitutive treatment method in patient care and test, as it relieves psychological tension in the patient and allows the patient to feel stability.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Purpose: The term "intentional injuries" refers to a spectrum of injuries resulting from self-inflicted injuries, interpersonal violence, and group acts of violence. Intentional injuries are underreported in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of intentional injuries in patients who presented to the emergency department of a primary trauma center in Medina, Saudi Arabia in 2013. Methods: A prospective cohort database analysis of the clinical patterns and treatment outcomes of 252 patients who had intentional injuries between January and December 2013 was done. Results: The proportion of trauma patients with intentional injuries was 1.3%. The mean age was 34.2±9.4 years, 141 patients (56.0%) were male, and 111 (44.1%) were female (male to female ratio, 1.27:1). The majority (n=159, 63.1%) of injuries occurred at night. Most occurred outside the home (n=180, 71.0%). Financial problems (n=62, 24.6%) and social disputes (n=61, 24.2%) were the most common reasons. Sharp objects (n=93, 36.9%) were the most common weapons used. The head and neck were the most commonly injured areas (n=63, 54.4%). Superficial cuts (n=87, 34.5%), were the most common type of injury. Suturing of wounds (n=54, 21.4%) and surgical debridement (n=47, 18.7%) were the most commonly performed modalities of management. Conclusions: We conclude that intentional injuries in Saudi Arabia are a health care hazard that is, unfortunately, underreported. The clinical pattern is similar in most aspects to international reports but differs in certain features due to the specific religious and conservative characteristics of the community. Nationwide clinical studies are strongly recommended.