• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2024

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising material platform for applications in integrated quantum photonics. A low optical loss is crucial for preserving fragile quantum states. Therefore, in this study, we have fabricated LNOI rib waveguides with a low optical propagation loss of 0.16 dB/cm by optimizing the etching conditions for various parameters. The symmetry and smoothness of the waveguides on x-cut LNOI are improved by employing a shallow etching process. The proposed method is expected to facilitate the development of on-chip quantum photonic devices based on LNOI.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

Single photon detector technologies have emerged as powerful tools in optical quantum information applications such as quantum communication, quantum information, and integrated quantum photonics. Owing to significant attempts in the previous decade at improving photon-counting detectors, several single photon detectors with high efficiency and low noise have been realized within the optical wavelength regime. In this paper, we provide an overview of current studies on single photon detectors operating at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. In addition, we discuss applications of single photon detector technologies in quantum communication and integrated quantum photonics.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.761-765
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• 2023

We analyzed the absorption spectra of acetone in the 3.37 ㎛ mid-infrared range using the off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique to develop a real-time, in-line breath analysis device. The linear relationship between acetone concentration and absorption increase was confirmed as 0.32%/ppm, indicating that the developed device allows for a quantitative analysis of acetone concentration in exhaled breath. To further confirm the feasibility of using our device for breath analysis, we measured the acetone concentration of human breath samples at the sub-ppm level.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2007

For more than two decades Nb trilayer ($Nb/Al_2O_3/Nb$) process has been serving as the most stable fabrication process of the Josephson junction integrated circuits. Fast development of semiconductor fabrication technology has been possible with the recent advancement of the fabrication equipments. In this work, we took an advantage of advanced fabrication equipments in developing a superconducting Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) by using Nb trilayers. The ALU is a core element of a computer processor that performs arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. We used DC magnetron sputtering technique for metal depositions and RF sputtering technique for $SiO_2$ depositions. Various dry etching techniques were used to define the Josephson junction areas and film pattering processes. Our Nb films were stress free and showed the $T{_c}'s$ of about 9 K. To enhance the step coverage of Nb films we used reverse bias powered DC magnetron sputtering technique. The fabricated 1-bit, 2-bit, and 4-bit ALU circuits were tested at a few kilo-hertz clock frequency as well as a few tens giga-hertz clock frequency, respectively. Our 1-bit ALU operated correctly at up to 40 GHz clock frequency, and the 4-bit ALU operated at up to 5 GHz clock frequency.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.223-239
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• 1990

근래에 와서 통신 및 정보처리 기술에 있어서 기존의 전자공학적인 방법이 가지는 한계점을 광자공학적인 방법으로 보완하거나 극복하여 고속 및 대용량화를 가능케 하려는 움직임이 있다. 이러한 광통신 및 광정보처리 기술에 필요한 광재료 및 과자소자들에 적용되는 광자물리학을 살펴보고 또 앞으로의 연구 추세를 살펴보기로 한다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of metasurface technology, focusing on its significant role in extraordinary flat optic functionalities. Traditional optical components, though optimized, are bulky and less congruent with modern integrated electromagnetic and photonic systems. Metasurfaces, recognized as the 2D counterparts of bulk metamaterials, offer solutions with their planar, ultra-thin, and lightweight structures. Their meta-atoms are adept at introducing abrupt shifts in optical properties, paving the way for high-precision light manipulation. By introducing the key design principles of these meta-atoms, such as the magnetic dipole and Pancharatnam-Berry phase, various applications in wavefront shaping and beam forming with simple amplitude/phase manipulation and advanced applications including retroreflectors, Janus metasurfaces, multiplexing of optical wavefronts, data encryption, and metasurfaces for quantum applications are reviewed.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2015

To examine the photosensitized biomolecules damaging activity, dimethoxyP(V)tetrakis(2-naphthyl)porphyrin (NP) and dimethoxyP(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (PP) were synthesized. The naphthyl moiety of NP hardly deactivated the photoexcited P(V)porphyrin ring in ethanol. In aqueous solution, the naphthyl moiety showed the quenching effect on the photoexcited porphyrin ring, possibly through electron transfer and self-quenching by a molecular association. Binding interaction between human serum albumin (HSA), a water soluble protein, and these porphyrins could be confirmed by the absorption spectral change. The apparent association constant of NP was larger than that of PP. It is explained by that more hydrophobic NP can easily bind into the hydrophobic pockets of HSA. The photoexcited PP effectively induced damage of the tryptophan residue of HSA, through electron transfer-mediated oxidation and singlet oxygen generation. NP also induced HSA damage during photo-irradiation and the contributions of the electron transfer and singlet oxygen mechanisms were speculated. The electron transfer-mediated mechanism to the photosensitized protein damage should be advantageous for photodynamic therapy in hypoxic condition. The quantum yield of the HSA photodamage by PP was significantly larger than that of NP. The quenching effect of the naphthyl moiety is considered to suppress the photosensitized protein damage. In conclusion, the naphthalene substitution to the P(V)porphyrins can enhance the binding interaction with hydrophobic biomacromolecules such as protein, however, this substitution may reduce the photodynamic effect of P(V)porphyrin ring in aqueous media.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 1993

표면광 마이크로 레잊, heterojunction phototransistor 그리고 저항을 단일 결정으로 성장시켜 집적시킨 NOR와 INVERTER 능동형 광 논리 소자에 대한 동작 특성을 조사하였다. 능동형 광 놀리 소자를 구성하는 개개 소자 중에서, 780 nm에서 발진하는 특정한 AlGaAs 초격자 마이크로 레이저의 미분 양자 효율은 15%로 나타났고, heterojunction phototransistor의 전류 이득은 에미터-컬렉터 전압이 4V이고, 입력 광의 세기가 $50{\mu}W$일 때 57으로 측정되었다. 직렬 저항이 370 ohm인 광 논리 소자의 출력은 입력광세기사 $47{\mu}W$일 때 $57{\mu}W$에서 $0{\mu}W$으로 감소하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2005

Ti 확산 리튬나오베이트 채널 광도파로의 z-축 분극을 주기적으로 $180^{\circ}$ 위상 변화시키는 Ti:PPLN 제작 공정을 검토하고, 개선하였다. 분극반전 공정에 적합한 지그와 Labview 프로그램을 이용하여 전하량 제어시스템을 고안하였다. 분극반전에 필요한 전하량으로부터 분극에 적절한 고전압 펄스와 duty-cycle을 조절하였으며, 분극에 필요한 임계 전압 보다 작은 전압을 인가한 상태에서 누설전류의 변화를 관찰하여 절연파괴 현상을 또한 최소화하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.333-341
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 기존의 분포궤환형 레이저 다이오드와 광흡수 변조기(DFB-LD/EA­ MOD.)가 집적된 소자의 낮은 광효율과 수율의 문제점을 해결하고, 동시에 우수한 chirp특성을 나타내는 분포반사기 레이저 다이오드와 광흡수 변조기 (DR-LD/EA­MOD.)가 집적된 소자를 제안하였다. DR-LD/EA­MOD. 집적소자는 제작상으로 DR-LD/EA­MOD. 소자와 비교해서 선택 MOVPE성장시 SiO2 마스크 폭만 조절하는 것 외엔 거의 동일하므로 실용적 측면에서도 우수한다. 집적소자의 정특성 및 동특성을 해석하기 위하여 시간의존성을 갖는 전달 메트릭스방법, 활성층내의 비율 방정식, 변조기의 QCSE효과를 고려한 Schrodinger 방정식을 동시에 풀이하였다. 1.55$\mu\textrm{m}$ DR-LD/EA­MOD. 집적소자와 종래 사용중인 1.55$\mu\textrm{m}$ DR-LD/EA­MOD. 집적소자의 성능을 비교 분석하여, LD에 동일전류를 주입할 경우 광변조기의 on상태의 광출력이 약 30%이상 향상되고, 동일 광변조기의 잔류단면반사율에 대해 광출력의 ripple이 적고, 동적파장 천이량이 약 50%이상 줄어듦을 알 수 있었다. 또한 DR-LD/EA­MOD. 소자는 시분할 파장특성은 광 펄스의 leading edge에서 blue-shift, falling edge에서 red-shift 특성이 기대되었다. 이는 일반적인 단일모드 광섬유를 사용하여 광 펄스를 전송할 경우 전송시 펄스 폭이 좁아지는 효과를 주어 이로 인해 전송대역폭을 크게 향상시킬 수 있음을 의미한다.