• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the terminally III patients's caregiver and to analyze relationship between the perceived burden and the various demographics, illness characteristics, family relationships, and economic factor of the family & patients. The sample of 132 caregivers who care for the terminally III patients Kyung-Gi province, Seoul, Korea. The period of this study was from August to September, 2002. The perceived burden of the family caregiver was measured by the burden scale(20 items, 4 point scale) developed by Montgomery et al. (1985). The Data was analyzed using SAS-program by t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of the family caregiver's burden score was 3.02. The score showed that caregivers perceive severe the level of burden. The hight items of the family caregiver's burden were' I feel it is painful to watch patient's diseases'(3.77). 'I feel afraid for what the future holds for my patients'(3.66), 'I feel it reduced to amount of privacy time'(3.64). 2. The caregiver's burden was significantly related to patient's gender(F=3.17, p= 0.0020), patient's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476), caregiver's age(F=4.29, p=0.0030), and caregiver's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476). 3. The caregiver's burden according to illness characteristics showed no significant difference. 4. The caregiver's burden was significantly associated with patient's family relationship (F=4.05, p=0.0041), patient's care mean period in a day(F=47.18,

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2019

The knowledge resources take a role in promoting the sustainable growth of organization. Therefore, it is important for the members of organization to acquire knowledge consistently so that the company can continue to grow. Knowledge service is the field that provides information and infrastructure which enable the members of organization to acquire new knowledge. As we recognized the importance of knowledge services, we analyzed the level of knowledge service management and development through the impact of knowledge quality on user capabilities. First, the matrix of knowledge patterns was presented based on the type of information and the level of customer interaction. According to patterns, the knowledge service was classified into three types of information providing, information analysis, and infrastructure, and then the results of structural model analysis were presented for each type. It found that the impact of knowledge service quality on user competence was different according to the type of service. The results suggested new indicators for measuring the performance of knowledge services, and provided information for reconstructing services based on the user considering the integrated operation of knowledge service and organizational designing knowledge service.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.29-64
• /
• 1973

A land resources survey in the semi-arid area, Mula in S. E. Spain, of $400km^2$ is compiled. The basic aim of the project is to investigate the intrinsic qualities of the land resources of the area by means of applying an integrated method of natural resources survey mainly concerning with analysis and synthesis of land complexes, each of them represents an area or a group of areas with similar patterns of landforms, soils and vegetation, based on a geomorphological approach. The area is characterized by a linear arrangement of relief pattern with an asymmetric homoclinal repetition of slope attitudes elongating WSW-ENE, dipping steeply on the NW sides and gently on the SE sides, which have been resulted from the post-Alpine folding of the Triassic to Cretaceous limestone, the Eocene limestone, the Oligocene sandstone and the lower Miocene limestone and marl, and the post-lower Miocene faulting, tilting and subsequent differential erosion of the Miocene sedimentary formations. An integrated body of information in geology, landforms, soils and vegetation, which are significantry interrelated as an environmental complex, has been obtained. Using this data, 26 land complexes developing on the various situations of landforms, such as folded mountain ranges, tilted tablelands, bevelled cuestas, degraded hill-lands associating with enormous foots lopes, undulating terrains and terraced or flat plains, have been differentiated, mapped and described. The soils of the area are mostly light colored calcic lithosols which have been derived dominantly from the marly parent materials and developed into remarkable slope catenas in some places depending on the relief conditions. The land uses of the area are mainly characterized by the perennially irrigated cultivation of citrus orchards along the terraced alluvial deposits fringing the Segura and Mula River, and the dry-land cereal cultivation on gentler slopes. Pioneer dry-land cultivations within the shrubs on steeper slopes are restricted to the unchannelled tributary drainage floors. The availability of water is a fundamental controlling factor for existence of native and cultivated vegetation as a whole, and a number of active processes including sheet wash and gully erosion, especially on the scarp slopes, are the other important factors to be considered in conservation and management of the land in the area.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.41-59
• /
• 2012

ERP is a new technique of process innovation. It indicates enterprise resource planning whose purpose is an integrated total management of enterprise resources. ERP can be also seen as one of the latest management systems that organically connects by using computers all business processes including marketing, production and delivery and control those processes on a real-time basis. Currently, however, it's not easy for local enterprises to have operators who will be in charge of ERP programs, even if they want to introduce the resource management system. This suggests that it's urgently needed to train such operators through ERP education at school. But in the field of education, actually, the lack of professional ERP instructors and less effective learning programs for industrial applications of ERP are obstacles to bringing up ERP workers who are competent as much as required by enterprises. In ERP, accounting is more important than any others. Accountants are assuming more and more roles in ERP. Thus, there's a rapidly increasing demand for experts in ERP accounting. This study examined previous researches and literature concerning ERP education, identified problems with current ERP education at college and proposed how to solve the problems. This study proposed the ways of improving ERP education at college as follows. First, a prerequisite learning of ERP, that is, educating the principle of accounting should be intensified to make students get a basic theoretical knowledge of ERP enough. Second, lots of different scenarios designed to try ERP programs in business should be created. In association, students should be educated to get a better understanding of incidents or events taken place in those scenarios and apply it to trying ERP for themselves. Third, as mentioned earlier, ERP is a system that integrates all enterprise resources such as marketing, procurement, personnel management, remuneration and production under the framework of accounting. It should be noted that under ERP, business activities are organically connected with accounting modules. More importantly, those modules should be recognized not individually, but as parts comprising a whole flow of accounting. This study has a limitation because it is a literature research that heavily relied on previous studies, publications and reports. This suggests the need to compare the efficiency of ERP education between before and after applying what this study proposed to improve that education. Also, it's needed to determine students' and professors' perceived effectiveness of current ERP education and compare and analyze the difference in that perception between the two groups.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2018

The rapid development of IT, many conventional passive jobs have been automated. This automation increases the leisure time of many people and various services are being developed for them. In addition, with the advent of smart devices that are compact and portable, it is possible to use various internet services without any time and place discretion. Various studies based on virtualization are under way to efficiently store and process large data generated by many devices and services. Desktop Storage Virtualization (DSV), which integrates and provides users with on-premise-based distributed desktop resources during these studies, uses virtualization to consolidate unused resources within distributed, legacy desktops. This DSV is very important for providing high reliability to users. In addition, research on hierarchical structure and resource integration for efficient data distribution storage processing in a distributed desktop-based resource integration environment is underway. However, there is a lack of research on efficient operation in case of server failure in on-premise resource integration environment. In this paper, we propose Non-disruptive Server Management (NSM) which can actively cope with the failure of desktop server in distributed desktop storage environment based on on-premise. NSM is easy to add and remove desktops in a desktop-based integrated environment. In addition, an alternative server is actively performed in response to a failure occurrence.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.23-76
• /
• 2000

In this paper, I examined what have been researched and determined about preservation strategy and selection of preservation media in the western archival community. Archivists have primarily been concerned with 'preservation' and 'use' of archival materials worth of being preserved permanently. In the new information era, preservation and use of archival materials were faced with new challenge. Life expectancy of paper records was shortened due to acidification and brittleness of the modem papers. Also emergence of information technology affects the traditional way of preservation and use of archival materials. User expectations are becoming so high technology-oriented and so complicated as to make archivists act like information managers using computer technology rather than traditional archival handicraft. Preservation strategy plays an important role in archival management as well as information management. For a cost-effective management of archives and archival institutions, preservation strategy is a must. The preservation strategy encompasses all aspects of archival preservation process and practices, from selection of archives, appraisal, inventorying, arrangement, description, conservation, microfilming or digitization, archival buildings, and access service. Those archival functions should be considered in their relations to each other to ensure proper preservation of archival materials. In the integrated preservation strategy, 'preservation' and 'use' should be combined and fulfilled without sacrificing the other. Preservation strategy planning is essential to determine the policies of archives to preserve their holdings safe and provide people with a maximum access in most effective ways. Preservation microfilming is to ensure permanent preservation of information held in important archival materials. To do this, a detailed standardization has been developed to guarantee the permanence of microfilm as well as its product quality. Silver gelatin film can last up to 500 years in the optimum storage environment and the most viable option for permanent preservation media. ISO and ANIS developed such standards for the quality of microfilms and microfilming technology. Preservation microfilming guidelines was also developed to ensure effective archival management and picture quality of microfilms. It is essential to assess the need of preservation microfilming. Limit in resources always put a restraint on preservation management. Appraisal (and selection) of what to be preserved was the most important part of preservation microfilming. In addition, microfilms with standard quality can be scanned to produce quality digital images for instant use through internet. As information technology develops, archivists began to utilize information technology to make preservation easier and more economical, and to promote use of archival materials through computer communication network. Digitization was introduced to provide easy and universal access to unique archives, and its large capacity of preserving archival data seems very promising. However, digitization, i.e., transferring images of records to electronic codes, still, needs to be standardized. Digitized data are electronic records, and st present electronic records are very unstable and not to be preserved permanently. Digital media including optical disks materials have not been proved as reliable media for permanent preservation. Due to their chemical coating and physical character using light, they are not stable and can be preserved at best 100 years in the optimum storage environment. Most CD-R can last only 20 years. Furthermore, obsolescence of hardware and software makes hard to reproduce digital images made from earlier versions. Even if when reformatting is possible, the cost of refreshing or upgrading of digital images is very expensive and the very process has to be done at least every five to ten years. No standard for this obsolescence of hardware and software has come into being yet. In short, digital permanence is not a fact, but remains to be uncertain possibility. Archivists must consider in their preservation planning both risk of introducing new technology and promising possibility of new technology at the same time. In planning digitization of historical materials, archivists should incorporate planning for maintaining digitized images and reformatting them in the coming generations of new applications. Without the comprehensive planning, future use of the expensive digital images will become unavailable. And that is a loss of information, and a final failure of both 'preservation' and 'use' of archival materials. As peter Adelstein said, it is wise to be conservative when considerations of conservations are involved.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.13
• /
• pp.113-144
• /
• 2007

The entire world has lived in terror threatened by new-terrorism since the 9.11 terror. Having appeared since 9.11, new-terrorism is new kind of terror targeting victims at random. Bioterrorism is one good example. Since bioterrorism happens secretly, it's hard to identify. The case becomes even harder to detect if it takes the form of a new epidemic. This study set out to apply the four phases of crisis management regarding outbreak and measures of SARS, the latest new epidemic, and to prepare against bioterrorism taking the form of a new epidemic, It also shows the efforts to study what to prepare and what kind of actions to take in case of bioterrorism by applying the four phases. There results demonstrate that the preventive measures against bioterrorism include arranging terror-related laws and identifying and monitoring expected pathogenic organs. In the preparation phases, they should integrate the related agencies, prepare for the standard operating procedures(SOP), execute integrated training sessions among the related agencies, and secure the necessary resources such as vaccine, cures, and exploration devices. In the response phases, they need to set up a rapid diagnosis system, quarantine and then cure the patients, and pursue cooperation from the media and promotions and further an international cooperation system to take appropriate measures. And the final recovery phases should involve offering emergency support by checking the situations and engaging in activities to prevent another terror attack by providing counseling, exchanging information, and analyzing and evaluating the causes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.259-273
• /
• 1998

The hydroacoustic surveys to provide the essential information for the assessment, management and utilization of fishery resources in the southern waters of Korea were carried out during five research cruises between October 1996 and October 1997 by the training ship KAYA of Pukyong National University. These hydroacoustic investigations were designed to obtain more precise estimates of the geographic distribution, absolute abundance and biological characteristics of the fishery resources, and the vertically integrated densities of fish in terms of volume backscattering strength(SV) by survey region and depth bins, such as the entire water column and the 0~ 10 m from bottom fraction, were measured separately. Hydroacoustic data were collected by using a Simrad EK 500 Scientific echo sounder operating at two frequencies of 38kHz and 120kHz and the data stored in field were later processed on a HP PC using a Simrad EP 500 echo integration and target strength analysis system. The biological compositions of echo signal were identified and sampled using a demersal trawl during daylight hours. The mean target strength to scale the echo integration data for hydroacoustic surveys was derived from the relationship between the SV and the weight of trawl catch per unit volume of the water column sampled by demersal trawls. The results obtained can be summarized as follow : 1. The mean volume backscattering strength for the entire water column in the southern waters of Korea between 1996 and 1997 were -67.2 dB and -70.9 dB at two frequencies of 38 kHz and 120 kHz , respectively, and for the bottom layer of the 0-10 m from bottom friction were -68.8 dB, -70.2 dB, respectively. That is, the volume backscattering strength for the entire water column at low frequency was higher than that at high frequency. 2. The relationship between the mean backscattering strength (〈SV〉, dB) for the depth strata of trawl hauls and the weight (C, kg/m3) per cubic meter of the catch sampled by bottom trawling in the southern waters of Korea in January and July 1997 were expressed by the following equations: 38 kHz : 〈SV〉= -28.2 + 10 log(C), 120 kHz : 〈SV〉= -32.4 + 10 log(C). The mean weight -normalized target strengths derived from these equitions were -28.2 dB/ kg, -32.4 dB/ kg at 38 kHz and 120 kHz , respectively. That is, the mean weight -normalized target strength at 38 kHz was 4.2 dB higher than that at 120 kHz. 3. The distribution density of fish in terms of biomass per unit volume in the southern waters of Korea were estimated to be 125.9 $\times$ 10-6 kg/m3 and 141.3 $\times$ 10-6 kg/m3 at 38 kHz and 120 kHz , respectively.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 2016

In rural area, our farmers confront decreasing benefits owing to imported crops and increased cost. Recently, the government encourage the 6th Industry that merges farming, rural resources, and information and communication technology. Therefor the government makes an investment in supplying 'smart greenhouse' in which a farmer monitor growing crops and environment information to control growing condition. The objective of this study is developing an Moving Monitor and Control System for crops in green House. This system includes a movable sensing unit, a controlling unit, and a server PC unit. The movable sensing unit contains high resolution IP camera, temperature and humidity sensor and WiFi repeater. It rolls on a rail hanging beneath the ceiling of a green house. The controlling unit contains embedded PC, PLC module, WiFi router, and BLDC motor to drive the movable sensing unit. And the server PC unit contains a integrated farm management software and home pages and databases in which the images of crops and environment informations. The movable sensing unit moves widely in a green house and gathers lots of information. The server saves these informations and provides them to customers with the direct commercing web page. This system will help farmers to control house environment and sales their crops in online market. Eventually It will be helpful for farmers to increase their benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.