• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.459-470
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• 2012

From the PSA point of view, the Fukushima accident of Japan in 2011 reveals some issues to be re-considered and/or improved in the PSA such as the limited scope of the PSA, site risk, etc. KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has performed researches on the development of an integrated risk assessment framework related to some issues arisen after the Fukushima accident. This framework can cover the internal PSA model and external PSA models (fire, flooding, and seismic PSA models) in the full power and the low power-shutdown modes. This framework also integrates level 1, 2 and 3 PSA to quantify the risk of nuclear facilities more efficiently and consistently. We expect that this framework will be helpful to resolve the issue regarding the limited scope of PSA and to reduce some inconsistencies that might exist between (1) the internal and external PSA, and (2) full power mode PSA and low power-shutdown PSA models. In addition, KAERI is starting researches related to the extreme external events, the risk assessment of spent fuel pool, and the site risk. These emerging issues will be incorporated into the integrated risk assessment framework. In this paper the integrated risk assessment framework and the research activities on the emerging issues are outlined.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 1997

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an assessment process integrated with policy and planning processes considering environmental impacts, not at the level of individual project, but at higher level of policy and plan. Presently, two systems for the SEA are being implemented in Korea. One is "the consultation of environmental investigation into a change in national land utilization", which is to be pre-discussed with the head of the related central administrative organizations, based on the respective individual code. The other is "the consultation of environmental investigation into an administrative plan and project", which is to be pre-discussed with the minister of the environments for the administrative plan. However, these two systems are not integrated procedures with the planning process. In other words, there is a separate post-environmental assessment after planning. Also concrete proposal is not yet prepared for the method and procedure of environmental investigation about details of the planning. Therefore, they do not playa role in taking precautions for environmentally sustainable development. In this study, for the effective environmental investigation at the level of planning, environmental assessment model to be integrated with urban comprehensive plans was developed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, based on the analysis of systematic problems in environmental investigation of this country, the study compared and analysed the SEA method of foreign countries. derived the potential limitations in its applications to this country. Also, the new method in this study, is integrated into planning process by improving the limitations. Thus, we developed the SEA model for this country, which consists of seven steps ; Phase 1; establishing a work program, Phase 2; defining the scop. of the SEA, Phase 3; analyzing an existing environmental situation, Phase 4; examining the consistency with environmental policy, Phase 5; appraising and synthesizing the plan content, Phase 6; proposing recommendations, Phase 7; monitoring and feedback. Second, the two types of application program of the developed assessment model were proposed. One is to integrate this model into planning process, and the other is for the institute and ministry of environments to implement SEA after planning. An aim of this study was developing an environmental assessment model at the planning level which was not yet established in this country and was to apply the model to urban comprehensive plan for inspection. This research will make the effective operation of environmental investigation system possible at the planning level in this country and contribute to the environmental protection at the global level.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2006

Railway risk is evaluated by a method of linking event trees and fault trees as the general PSA(Probabilistic Safety Assessment) model for the risk assessment of complex systems. Accident scenarios causing undesirable events are modeled by event trees comprised of several accident sequences. Each branch located in the accident progression of the event tree is modeled by an fault tree or can be represented by some value too simply. We usually evaluate the frequency of the whole sequence by adding them after calculating the frequency of each sequence at a time. However, since there are quite a number of event trees and fault trees in the railway risk assessment model, the number of sequence to evaluate increases and preparation for the risk assessment costs much time all the more. Also, it may induce errors when analysts perform the work of quantification. Therefore, the systematic maintenance and control of event trees and fault trees will be essential for the railway risk assessment. In this paper we introduce an integrated assessment method using one-top model and develop a risk assessment tool for the maintenance and control of the railway risk model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1393-1394
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

This study has intended to build a rural landscape evaluation model based on an integrated landscape assessment paradigm of rural region using an additive integration index method and applied the model to the Seondong Region of Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. To reach this goal, this study developed a model to calculate Integrated Landscape Assessment Index. The model has employed the Objective Landscape Index, the Subjective Landscape Index, and the weighted values, and was applied to the Seondong region. This study has found the following results: 1) forests and water spaces were assessed with relatively better visual preferences and better landscape ecosystem; 2) the historic cultural area and scenic agriculture as well as general farm land were assessed with moderate ratings; and, 3) the villages included in development plan, their adjacent arable farming land, and the village watercourses were forming relatively poorer landscape.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.627-638
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• 2018

This article describes an integrated Level 1-Level 2 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology to evaluate the radiological risk during postulated accident scenarios initiated during the decommissioning phase of a typical Mark I containment boiling water reactor. The fuel damage scenarios include those initiated while the reactor is permanently shut down, defueled, and the spent fuel is located into the spent fuel storage pool. This article focuses on the integrated Level 1-Level 2 PRA aspects of the analysis, from the beginning of the accident to the radiological release into the environment. The integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PRA uses event trees and fault trees that assess the accident progression until and after fuel damage. Detailed deterministic severe accident analyses are performed to support the fault tree/event tree development and to provide source term information for the various pieces of the Level 1-Level 2 model. Source terms information is collected from accidents occurring in both the reactor pressure vessel and the spent fuel pool, including simultaneous accidents. The Level 1-Level 2 PRA model evaluates the temporal and physical changes in plant conditions including consideration of major uncertainties. The goal of this article is to provide a methodology framework to perform a decommissioning Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), and an application to a real case study is provided to show the use of the methodology. Results will be derived from the integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PSA event tree in terms of fuel damage frequency, large release frequency, and large early release frequency, including uncertainties.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

This paper presents probabilistic risk assessment system model and methods for general construction projects and demonstrates the applicability of the approach to a specific subway construction project. The proposed system model entitled Integrated Risk Assessment System(IRAS) for construction projects is composed of four steps, which is newly reorganized and improved in order to be easily adjusted for a systematic PRA of construction projects. Based on the proposed model, and integrated prototype software is then developing for computer-aided PRA of construction projects under the environment of the graphic-user interface, which will be successfully applied to construction projects.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2001

In spite of the increasing construction of segmental PSC box girder bridges, the techniques associated with real-time monitoring, construction control and safety assessment during construction have been less developed compared with the construction techniques. Thus, the development of an integrated system including real-time measurement and monitoring, control and safety assessment system during construction is necessary fur more safe and precise construction of the bridges. This study presents a prototype integrated monitoring system for preventing abnormal behavior and accidents under construction stages, that consist of behavior control system for precise construction, reliability-based safety assessment system, and structural analysis. Also, a prototype software system is developed on the basis of the proposed model. It is successfully applied to the Sea-Hae Grand Bridge built by FCM. The integrated system model and software system can be utilized for the safe and precise construction of segmental PSC bridges during construction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.629-642
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• 2021

Land-use change has an important role in the hydrologic characteristics of watersheds because it alters various hydrologic components such as interception, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. For example, rapid urbanization in a watershed reduces infiltration rates and increases peak flow which lead to changes in the hydrologic responses. In this study, a physical hydrologic model the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was used to assess long-term continuous daily streamflow corresponding to land-use changes that occurred in the Naesungchun river watershed. For a 30-year model simulation, 3 different land-use maps of the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were used to identify the impacts of the land-use changes. Using SWAT-CUP (calibration and uncertainty program), an automated parameter calibration tool, 23 parameters were selected, optimized and compared with the daily streamflow data observed at the upstream, midstream and downstream locations of the watershed. The statistical indexes used for the model calibration and validation show that the model performance is improved at the downstream location of the Naesungchun river. The simulated streamflow in the mainstream considering land-use change increases up to -2 - 30 cm compared with the results simulated with the single land-use map. However, the difference was not significant in the tributaries with or without the impact of land-use change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.187-194
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• 2016

A single fire event within a fire area can cause multiple initiating events considered in internal events probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). For an example, a fire event in turbine building fire area can cause a loss of the main feed-water and loss of off-site power initiating events. This fire initiating event could result in special plant responses beyond the scope of the internal events PSA model. One approach to address a fire initiating event is to develop a specific fire event tree. However, the development of a specific fire event tree is difficult since the number of fire event trees may be several hundreds or more. Thus, internal fire events PSA model has been generally constructed by modifications of the pre-developed internal events PSA model. New accident sequence logics not covered in the internal events PSA model are separately developed to incorporate them into the fire PSA model. Recently, many fire PSA models have fire induced initiating event fault trees not shown in an internal event PSA model. Up to now, there has been no analytical comparative study on the constructions of fire events PSA model using internal events PSA model with and without fault trees of initiating events. In this study, the changing process of internal events PSA model to fire events PSA model is analytically presented and discussed.