• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.488-495
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Methods: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20-29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30-49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. Results: The intake of milk in the subjects was $538.14{\pm}494.23ml$ per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20-29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. Conclusions: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.438-453
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to estimate nutritional intakes of the long-lived elderly and to obtain the data for establishing dietary guidelines that may be recommended for the general population for the sake of longevity. The subjects of the study were 300 elederly people of age over 85 years living in Kyungpook Sung-Ju area who had no problem in daily living. Four times of food consumption survey were carried out seasonally by the repeated 24-hr recall method for one year. Mean daily energy intakes and RDA percentage of energy intakes of the male and female subjects were estimated as 1222 kcal(67.9%) and 1047 kcal(65.4%) respectively. Mean daily intakes of nutrients were estimated as 38.3g for protein, 287mg for calcium, 5.8mg for iron, 314R.E. for vitamin A, 0.6mg for vitamin B1 and 0.43mg for vitamin B2 The mean RDA percentages of nutrients intake were 64.4% and 59.8% for protein in male and female, 39.8% for Ca, 48.3% for Fe, 44.9% for vitamin A, 60% for vitamin B1, and 35.8% for B2. The average PFC ratio of energy-yielding nutrients throughout the year in male and female were 15.1 : 15.2 : 69.7 and 13.8 : 13.2 : 73.0 respectively. The mean daily intakes of energy and most of nutreints were significantly high in winter season. The contribution of plant food sources to nutrient intakes were over 60% for protein and fat, 50% for calcium, and 70% for iron. Long-lived elderly people an Sung-Ju, Kyungpook showed considerably smaller physiques compared to the avergae Korean elderly, however their average BMI fell in normal range. The subjects were consuming much less energy and nutrients compared to the present Korean RDA for the elderly over age 75. The subject showed relatively good health state in spite of low intakes of energy and nutrients. Therefore it seems to be necessary to establish a set of new RDA for the elderly over age 8.5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.3-4
• /
• 2003

Body weight is maintained at a relatively constant level over days and months despite variability in food intake and physical activity. To achieve energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus receives information related to energy surplus or shortage from the periphery and controls food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, is a principal mediator that signals the brain about the stored energy status. Increased leptin signaling in the brain prevents excess energy stores by suppressing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. In addition, insulin and nutrients themselves, such as glucose and free fatty acids, also regulate food intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.524-531
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the basal leptin concentrations in normal(n=17, BMI 20-25, obesity index 90-110%) and overweight(n=13, BMI > 25, obestity index > 120%) Korea young aldult males, and correlation between leptin concentrations, nutrients intake, anthropometry and other biochemical parameters. Nutritional status, serum leptin and biochemiccal parameters were evaluated based on 24hr-dietary records, anthropometric measurement and blood analysis. Obesity index were 138% and 101% in overweight and normal group, respectively. Serum leptin concentration was higher in overweight group than that in normal group (8.65$\pm$ 9.41 vs 2.06 $\pm$ 1.19, p<0.05). Serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentrations were higher in overweight group than in normal group(p<0.05). Nutrients intakes was not different between two group. The leptin concentrations were correlated with body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.05), obesity index(p<0.05), waist circumference(p<0.05), animal lipid intake(p<0.05)in overweight group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.49-66
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrition intake of high school girls related to food habit, physical status, family environmental factor. The survey of 216 high school girls, aged 15 to 17 years old in Seoul area was conducted from April, 21 to 30, 1986. Food habit and family environmental factor were researched by means of questionnaires and nutrition intake was surveyed. by recording the kinds, amounts and ingredients of foods taken by the girls for two days, and height and weight were also measured during the period. The findings are summarized as follows: 1. Mean value of height and weight of the girls were 157.6cm and 50.9kg. 2. Number of family members per household was 5.2. Mean value of father's age was 47.1 and mean value of mother's age was 43.6. 44.9% of the girls had fathers who graduated the college, 41.6% of the girls had mothers who graduated the high school and 29.2% of the girls had mothers who had the job. 3. Breakfast missing rate was high, most of the reason for breakfast missing was 'have no time to eat' and time for breakfast was short. 64.4% of the girls had meal irregularly. 4. Mean daily intake of all nutrients except vitamin A and riboflavin was higher than Recommended Dietary Allowances. Mean caloric intake was 89.8% of R.D.A.. Breakfast intake of energy and most of nutrients was less than snack. Mean meal balance score was 47.9 and mean food diversity score was 13.4. 5. Mother's education level was related to intake of protein and calcium and height. Breakfast and lunch missing and number of snack intake were related with nutrition intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.248-262
• /
• 1990

General purpose of the study was to understend nutritional status of the Korean farmers and thus provide rural nutrition intervention programs with more useful in formation and data. The data for the study was collected two times from the 603 sample farm households in 1982 and 1987. The main results of the study were as follows ; 1) Food intake of the Korean farmers was highly dependent upon vegetable foods especially on cereals and gains. However the unbalanced food intake pattern was gradually improved as consumption of vegetable foods was decreased from 992.8 grams per person per day in 1982 to 946.4g in 1987 and that of animal foods increased from 54.2g to 91.4g . 2) In mean value analysis on nutrient intake of the farmeres intakes of energy and protein were nearly reached to Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA) level; intakes of calcium vitamin A and riboflavin were quite deficient whereas iron thiamin niacin and ascorbic acid were well over. From 1982 to 1987 intakes of all nutrients except energy were increased. 3) In distribution analysis on nutrient intake coefficient of variation(CV) of all nutrients except iron was increased. skewness(SK) the coefficients of calcium iron vitamin A riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased Kurtosis (Ku) of iron and vitamin A was increased. On the whole distributions of nutrient intake of the farmers were changed in undesirable ways although the mean values of the nutrient intake were improved 4) In relationship analysis among 115 relationships 76 relationships were consistent between 1982 and 1987. Of 76 consistent relationships only 10 relationship were significant at 5% level such as the protein intake level and the balance of food intake calcium intake level and the age etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.779-792
• /
• 2008

The consumption of a wide variety of food groups is considered one of the key components of nutritional adequacy. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans includes the consumption of a variety of foods from diverse food groups as a component of a normal diet. A survey was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the dietary diversity of food groups and nutrient intake in elderly patients (age 65 and above) at a rural area in Korea (Inje). 296 subjects (111 male and 185 female) were probed in a 3 day 24-recall dietary survey. Subjects were grouped according to food group intake frequency, based on six food groups (grain, meat/fish/legume/egg, vegetable, fat/oil, dairy, fruit). Nutritional quality was evaluated according to the numbers of nutrients under EAR (Estimated Average Requirements), and MAR (mean adequacy ratios). The frequency of elderly subjects consuming a meat/fish/legumes/egg food group less than once per day was 29.4%. The frequency of elderly subjects consuming fat/oil food group less than once per day was 65.8%. The percentage of subjects who did not eat dairy food was 88.8%, and that of subjects who did not eat fruit was 57.5%. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop models relating nutritional quality to possible food group intake frequency factors. Using the number of nutrients under EAR as a dependent variable, the meat/fish/legume/egg food group intake frequency explained 9.9% of variance, followed by the grain group, fat/oil group, dairy group, and vegetable and fruit group (Model $R^2$=0.260). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, the model $R^2$ was 0.326. The results of this study suggest that a highly varied diet in elderly might be associated with better nutritional quality, as assessed by nutrient intake. Accordingly, dietary guidelines should take into consideration nutritional characteristics in order to improve intake from all major food groups and to provide a variety of foods in the diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the association of nutrients intake with sugar-containing food consumption of elementary school students in Daegu-Kyungpook area. We analyzed the dietary information from 164 elementary school students (82 boys, 82 girls) participated in "Dietary Intake Survey of Infants, Children and Adolescents" conducted by Korea Food & Drug Administration and Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Information on habitual dietary intake of sugar-containing foods was collected by food frequency questionnaires. Daily nutrients intake of each subject was calculated from 24-hour recall data for two non-consecutive days. As a result of average daily intake of major foods of elementary school students was analyzed from 1 to 50 ranking that show up higher ranking of white milk and white rice but include many kind of sugar-containing food. Dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Fe and riboflavin were significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores. Significantly negative associations between Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ) and sugar-containing food frequency scores were observed for calcium (r = -0.34) and iron (r = -0.32) among girls. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores (r = -0.26). Our results indicated that nutrition education for elementary school students should focus on the importance of reducing the sugarcontaining food consumption with more attention for girls.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information on nutritional condition for improving performance of the national junior rowing team players(male n=17, female n=14). To attain this purpose, their body composition and energy intake situations were investigated during their three-week winter training camp. Measurement of body composition measured by the interval, and two days, and dietary intake in this study to investigate the type and amount of food, the researchers measured directly, and then refer to the record subjects to investigate the dietary intake and the adoption of a Weighing Method. The result is as follows. During training, body composition due to the high intensity training to maintain a properly balanced diet is the consumption of energy, weight and body composition has a positive influence. The male players' average energy intake is 5,951.6 kcal(72.6 kcal/kgBW, 150%), the rate of the three main nutrients, carbohydrate, fat, protein, is 72.6 : 8.7 : 18.7 respectively. For the female, the average energy intake is 3,685.6 kcal(51.8 kcal/kgBW, 121%), and the rate of the three main nutrients is 76.3 : 8.5 : 15.2. Both of male and female were taken sufficient Vitamin, mineral and other nutrient according to %RI(recommended intake). Based on the results of a survey of elite athletes and nutrition management and the systematic introduction and review of the program in conjunction with a professional nutritionist would need, and can also be applied to expand the school to the scene, the reality of the program review and development of qualified need.