• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2009

One of the most important factors that affect a person's risk of injury in a motor vehicle crash is the age of the person. This study investigates the characteristics of crash injuries among young, middle-aged and older drivers and occupants. Based on the comprehensive claim data from automobile insurance from 2000 to 2007, this study examines in great detail the drivers and occupants injury body regions and severity by age in car-to-car frontal crashes. It has been shown that elderly drivers and occupants suffer more injuries at a chest region compared to the middle-aged group. This research calls attention to the need for design to make vehicles more protective for older drivers in car-to car frontal crashes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2013

Although typically classified as AIS 1, whiplash injuries continue to represent a substantial social problem with associated costs estimated at over $1 billion annually. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of seat positions(seatback angle, headrest height) on risk for whiplash injury in very low speed(${\Delta}V$=4~10km/h) rear-end impact. To accomplish this, rear impact seat carriage tests and simulations were conducted using the BioRID-II dummy seated in a mass production seat, which allowed for the adjustment of seatback angle and headrest height. Neck injury criteria(NIC, Nkm) were then compared for different ${\Delta}V$ and seat positions.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2011

The nuclear power plants and chemical industries are trying to find human error to prevent occupational injury. The ratio of occupational injury is higher than the other industries in shipbuilding industry. It is known that the most important reason is human error. Recently, the shipbuilding industries interest in human error to prevent occupational injury. This paper outlines four approaches of human error identification used in shipbuilding industry such as survey of occupational injury, root cause analysis, risk assessment, and performance shaping factors. Finally, this paper proposes the interventions of ergonomics for preventing the human errors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.720-729
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to measure repeated the process of non-suicidal self-injury individuals change in everyday life through the Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) daily diary. The study subjects of were 17 adults aged 19 to 29, accessed a link sent by text message on a cell phone and recorded a diary of the day's affects, interpersonal conflicts, self-injury thoughts, and behaviors once a day for two weeks. Using a total of 238 reported entries, the contextual factors of NSSI were examined, and the effects of affects and interpersonal conflicts on NSSI analyzed through a multi-level model. As a result, the negative affects of that day have a significant relation with within subject NSSI behavior and positive affects have a significant relation between subject NSSI behavior. These findings means that overall individuals with low positive affects have a higher risk of self-injury behavior compared to those with higher levles of positive emotions, and an increase in negative emotions on that day within an individual increases the risk of self-injury behavior on that day. In other words, it implies that it is important to manage negative emotions and strengthen overall positive affects for that day in the intervention of emotion-regulation of experienced self-injury individuals. It is meaningful that this study explored NSSI risk factors experienced in daily life through the short-term longitudinal study.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors of pressure injuries in patients after neurosurgery. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using 273 patients undergoing neurosurgery admitted to a general hospital from 2015 to 2021. Data were collected from September 1 to 30, 2021. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: Risk factors significantly influencing the occurrence of pressure injuries in the patients undergoing neurosurgery were hypertension (OR=3.12, p=.024), postoperative hypoalbuminemia (OR=0.30, p=.028), and prolonged operative duration (OR=1.00, p=.001). The regression model explained 86.0% of the variance of the outcome variable. Conclusion: In order to prevent surgery-related pressure injuries in patients undergoing neurosurgery, thorough blood pressure management, avoidance of hypoalbuminemia, and preventive nursing intervention considering operative duration are required.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2016

Background: The objective of this study is to identify high-risk groups for industrial accidents by setting up 2003 as the base year and conducting an in-depth analysis of the trends of major industrial accident indexes the index of industrial accident rate, the index of occupational injury rate, the index of occupational illness and disease rate per 10,000 people, and the index of occupational injury fatality rate per 10,000 people for the past 10 years. Methods: This study selected industrial accident victims, who died or received more than 4 days of medical care benefits, due to occupational accidents and diseases occurring at workplaces, subject to the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, as the study population. Results: According to the trends of four major indexes by workplace characteristics, the whole industry has shown a decreasing tendency in all four major indexes since the base year (2003); as of 2012, the index of industrial accident rate was 67, while the index of occupational injury fatality rate per 10,000 people was 59. Conclusion: The manufacturing industry, age over 50 years and workplaces with more than 50 employees showed a high severity level of occupational accidents. Male workers showed a higher severity level of occupational accidents than female workers. The employment period of < 3 years and newly hired workers with a relatively shorter working period are likely to have more occupational accidents than others. Overall, an industrial accident prevention policy must be established by concentrating all available resources and capacities of these high-risk groups.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2019

Electronic health records (EHRs) enable us to use and re-use electronic data for various multiple purposes, such as public reporting, quality improvement, and patient outcomes research. Current hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) risk assessment instruments have not been specifically developed for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and showed false positive rates in this specific populations. Previous research studies report a number of risk factors; however, it is still not clear what factors influence ICU HAPI in this population. As part of a larger research study, we performed an exploratory analysis by using a large electronic health record data. The aims of this study were to compare characteristics of patients who developed HAPIs during their ICU stay with those who did not, and to determine whether the two groups were different in the aspects of length of ICU stay, discharge disposition, and discharge destinations. We conducted chi-square test and t-test for group comparison. Association was examined by using bivariate analyses. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine correlation between LOS and number of medications. Our findings suggest a number of consistent and potentially modifiable risk factors, such as sedation, feeding tubes, and the number of medications administered. The mortality of the HAPI group was significantly higher than the non-HAPI group in our data. Discharge disposition was significantly different between the groups. 67% of the HAPI group transferred to intermediate or long-term care hospitals whereas 57.7% of the non-HAPI group went home after discharge. Awareness of these risk factors can lead to clinical interventions that can be preventative in the ICU setting.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection in patients with mechanical ventilation. In 2013, the new concept of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) replaced the traditional concept of ventilator-associated pneumonia. We analyzed risk factors for VAE occurrence and in-hospital mortality in trauma patients who received mechanical ventilatory support. Methods: In this retrospective review, the study population comprised patients admitted to the Jeju Regional Trauma Center from January 2020 to January 2021. Data on demographics, injury characteristics, and clinical findings were collected from medical records. The subjects were categorized into VAE and no-VAE groups according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network VAE criteria. We identified risk factors for VAE occurrence and in-hospital mortality. Results: Among 491 trauma patients admitted to the trauma center, 73 patients who received ventilator care were analyzed. Patients with a chest Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥3 had a 4.7-fold higher VAE rate (odds ratio [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-17.9), and those with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <75 mL/min/1.73 m² had 4.1-fold higher odds of VAE occurrence (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.32-14.1) and a nearly 4.2-fold higher risk for in-hospital mortality (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.30-14.3). The median VAE-free duration of patients with chest AIS ≥3 was significantly shorter than that of patients with chest AIS <3 (P=0.013). Conclusions: Trauma patients with chest AIS ≥3 or GFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m² on admission should be intensively monitored to detect at-risk patients for VAEs and modify the care plan accordingly. VAEs should be closely monitored to identify infections early and to achieve desirable results. We should also actively consider modalities to shorten mechanical ventilation in patients with chest AIS ≥3 to reduce VAE occurrence.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.260-264
• /
• 2019

Background: Professional dance is a physically demanding career path with a high injury prevalence, yet an ingrained culture of hiding or pushing through injuries. Developing better knowledge surrounding the cultural beliefs and behaviors related to injury reporting is critical to understand their incidence and burden. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate injury fear and injury reporting behaviors in professional dancers in Australia. Methods: This study utilized data collected in a cross-sectional survey of professional dancers in Australia. Descriptive analysis of injury fear and reporting stigma are presented with comparisons between subgroups (full-time versus part-time dancers; men versus women) conducted using two-sided Fisher's exact tests. Results: A total of 146 professional dancers were included. Over half (63%) of the respondents reported that they fear sustaining a dance-related injury, that they believe there is still a stigma surrounding injuries in dance (62%), and that this stigma has led to a delay in reporting or seeking care for an injury (51%). A lower proportion of part-time than full-time dancers reported that they would usually tell someone within their dance employment about an injury (35.1% vs. 59.6%, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Professional dancers are at risk of losing contracts or roles if they are injured, and therefore, it is common to dance through their occurrence. Many dancers, particularly those dancing part-time, are unwilling to tell their employers about their injuries. Action is required to improve this culture regarding injury reporting and help seeking for more effective injury understanding, prevention, and management in dance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2018

Objectives: To explore alcohol perceptions and their association hazardous alcohol use in the populations of Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia. Methods: Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey was analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between alcohol perceptions and its association with hazardous alcohol use. Results: Greater hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than Albertans (p<0.001). Overall, people with hazardous alcohol were less likely to believe that alcohol use contributes to health problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.78; p<0.01) and to a higher risk of injuries (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.90; p<0.05). Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol contributes to health problems (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; p<0.05) and were also less likely to choose a highly effective strategy as the best way for the government to reduce alcohol problems (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.91; p=0.01). Queenslanders with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol was a major contributor to injury (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.77; p<0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that people with hazardous alcohol use tend to underestimate the negative effect of alcohol consumption on health and its contribution to injuries. In addition, Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less in favor of strategies considered highly effective to reduce alcohol harm, probably because they perceive them as a potential threat to their own alcohol consumption. These findings represent valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable strategies to target alcohol-related problems.