• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2023

Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi Grig. (Gk), which is a new variety of Glycyrrhiza, was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in Korea Rural Development Administration. It is improved the limitations of traditional Glycrrhiza species such as G. uralensis Fisch., G. glabra L., and G. inflata Batal. and has been reported various pharmacological effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Gk on the acute pancreatitis, because which has not been revealed yet. AP was induced via intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 ㎍/kg) hourly for 7 times in C57BL/6 mice. Gk water extract (20 or 50 mg/kg) or saline was administrated via oral gavage 1 h before the first injection of cerulein. The mice were sacrificed at 5 h after the final injection of cerulein. The inflammatory cell infiltration in pancreatic tissue was decreased by the administration of Gk water extract compared to the AP group. Also, serum amylase and lipase levels were decreased by the administration of Gk water extract compared to the AP group. These results suggest that Gk have protective effect on the acute pancreatitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

Two cases of canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) were treated twice a week with injection-acupuncture (injection-AP) using 0.1 ml/acupoint. In case 1, a paralysed dog with cervical intervertebral disc disease (C3-C4), was submitted to injection-AP with dexamethasone (1 mg/ml) at session 1-2 and thiamine (25 mg/ml) at session 3-5. Injected acupoints included GV-16, GB-20, BL-10, LU-7, LI-4 and SI-6. The acupoints GV-6, GV-20 and SP-6 were added at session 2-5. Trigger point (TP) therapy with 0.2 ml of 2% lidocaine was used in session 3-5 at TP in the infraspinatus and triceps muscles. Treatment was stopped when paralysis disappeared after 5 injection-AP treatments; there were no recurrent symptoms in the follow-up period of 5 months. In case 2, an ataxic dog with lumbar IVDD (L1-L2), was submitted to injection-AP with dexamethasone at session 1 and 2 and thiamine at session 3-4. Injected acupoints included GV-6 as the main point, ST-36, GB-30, ST-40, GB-34, ST-41 and BL-40. TP therapy with 0.2 ml of 2% lidocaine was used at TP in the ileocostorum lumborum and quadriceps muscles. Treatment was stopped when ataxia disappeared after 4 treatments; there were no recurrent symptoms In the fallow-up period of 5 months. Injection-AP using dexamethasone and thiamine, combined with TP therapy using lidocaine, effectively alleviate the symptoms of canine cervical and lumbar IVDD.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the role of peripheral ionotropic receptors in artemin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in the orofacial area. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 230 to 280 g were used in the study. Under anesthesia, a polyethylene tube was implanted in the subcutaneous area of the vibrissa pad, which enabled drug-injection. After subcutaneous injection of artemin, changes in air-puff thresholds and head withdrawal latency time were evaluated. Subcutaneous injection of artemin (0.5 or $1{\mu}g$) produced significant thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. However, subcutaneous injection of artemin showed no effect on air-puff thresholds. IRTX ($4{\mu}g$), a TRPV1 receptor antagonist, D-AP5 (40 or $80{\mu}g$), an NMDA receptor antagonist, or NBQX (20 or $40{\mu}g$), an AMPA receptor antagonist, was injected subcutaneously 10 min prior to the artemin injection. Pretreatment with IRTX and D-AP5 significantly inhibited the artemin-induced thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, pretreatment with both doses of NBQX showed no effect on artemin-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, pretreatment with H-89, a PKA inhibitor, and chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, decreased the artemin-induced thermal hyperalgesia. These results suggested that artemin-induced thermal hyperalgesia is mediated by the sensitized peripheral TRPV1 and NMDA receptor via activation of protein kinases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Aster Yomena (AY) has been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and osteoarthritis. However, protective effect of AY on acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been reported. The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of AY on cerulein-induced AP. AP was induced in mice by intraperitoneally injecting cerulein ($50{\mu}g/kg$) hourly for 6 times. 70% ethanol extract of AY (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg) was orally administered for 1 week before acute pancreatitis induction. The mouse was killed at 6 hours after the final cerulein injection. The pancreas and lung were rapidly removed for histological examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Blood samples were taken to determine serum amylase and lipase activity. In addition real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also performed to investigate mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$. $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6. Administration of AY significantly ameliorated pancreatic weight to body weight ratio, histological damages and MPO activity during AP. In addition, AY inhibited the serum amylase and lipase activity during AP. Also, mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were inhibited by AY against AP. Our results revealed that pre-treatment of AY reduces the severity of cerulein-induced AP. Therefore, AY may have a protective effect drug against AP.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2007

A about 2-month- old, mixed female cat was referred to Yeon Chang Veterinaly Clinic in Taiwan. Because this patient was wandering cat, precise history was not blown. At first admission, miosis, ptosis and protrusion of the nictitating membrane was observed in the right sided eye, and also slight miosis was found in the left sided eye. The patient was diagnosed into feline HS. Oculo-AP and injection-AP with dexamethasone were applied to this patient. Oculo-AP at Shang Jiao regions of both eyes was done for 10 minutes. In addition, injection-AP with dexamethasone (0.2 ml/acupoint) at BL01-Jing Ming, BL02-Zan Zhu and ST01-Cheng Qi. After AP treatment, prolapse of the nictitating membrane was amazingly disappeared and pupil was dilatated at session 1. Ocular findings at session 2 (one day after session 1) were maintained with nearly normal state. Accordingly, the present patient was a case with feline HS that showed favorable therapeutic effect by AP treatment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2342-2354
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• 2002

The present study has numerically predicted both the flow -induced and thermally-induced residual stresses and birefringence in injection o. injection/compression molded center -gated disks. Analysis system for entire molding process was developed based on an ap propriate physical modeling including a nonlinear viscoelastic fluid model, stress-optical law, a linear viscoelastic solid model, free volume theory for density relaxation phenomena and a photoviscoelasticity and so on. Part I presents physical modeling a nd typical numerical analysis results of residual stresses and birefringence in the injection molded center-gated disk. Thermal residual stress was found to be extensional near the center, compressive near the surface and tend to become toward tensional at the surface. A double-hump profile was obtained across the thickness in birefringence distribution: nonzero birefringence is found to be thermally induced, the outer peak is due to the shear flow and subsequent stress relaxation during the filling stage a nd the inner peak is due to the additional shear flow and stress relaxation during the packing stage. Predicted birefringence including both the flow -induced and thermally-induced one becomes quite similar to the experimental one.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.104-109
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• 2014

Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine (AP) by normal persons has been increased to improve cognitive functions. Due to high potential for their abuse, reliable analytical methods were required to detect these prescription stimulants in biological samples. A direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and implemented for simultaneous determination of MPH, AP and their metabolites ritalinic acid (RA) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (HAP) in human urine. Urine sample was centrifuged and the upper layer ($100{\mu}L$) was mixed with $800{\mu}L$ of distilled water and $100{\mu}L$ of internal standards ($0.2{\mu}g/mL$ in methanol). The mixture was then directly injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The mobile phase was composed of 0.2% formic acid in distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Chromatographic separation was performed by using a Capcell Pak MG-II C18 ($150mm{\times}2.0mm$ i.d., $5{\mu}m$, Shiseido) column and all analytes were eluted within 5 min. Linear least-squares regression with a 1/x weighting factor was used to generate a calibration curve and the assay was linear from 20 to 1500 ng/mL (HAP), 40-3000 ng/mL (AP and RA) and 2-150 ng/mL (MPH). The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 16.4%. The intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -15.6% to 10.8%. The limits of detection for all the analytes were less than 4.7 ng/mL. The suitability of the method was examined by analyzing urine samples from drug abusers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 1991

Dilute polymer solutions were injected into turbulent pipe flow of a Newtonian fluid. The local drag reduction for injection of polymer solution at the pipe wall was larger than that at centerline. From the above result we may conclude that the polymer additives were found to influence the flow in the neighborhood of the wall. The effects of the injection apparatus on the local drag reduction are small compared to the drag-reducing effects. The extent of drag reduction increased with polymer concentration and injection flow rate, and the maximum drag reduction obtained were 47% for Polyox Coagulant and 35% for Separan AP-273. In respect to polymer degradation, the polyacrylamide showed better shear stability than the polyethyleneoxide and thus the former expected to have a sharper molecular weight distribution.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2003

For complex-coupled (CC) DFB lasers, we found that there might be little correlation between the single mode yields at threshold and above threshold. At threshold, the single mode yield considering f number of in-phase (IP) CC DFB lasers is the same as that of anti-phase (AP) CC DFB lasers. However, the single mode yield as a function of injection current above threshold of IP CC DFB lasers is much different from that of AP CC DFB lasers. In the case of IP CC DFB lasers, the single mode yield increases as the coupling coefficient ratio (CR) increases, while, in the case of AP CC DFB lasers, the single mode yield decreases rapidly regardless of CR as the injection current increases. In the case of AR-HR combinations, the effect of AR ref1ectivity on the single mode yield increases as the coupling strength decreases. As the coupling strength decreases, the CR at which the increase rate of the single mode yield starts to decrease, increases, and the maximum single mode yield increases. Single mode yields of AR-HR and AR-AR combinations are larger than those of AR-CL and CL-CL combinations.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.