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Determination and prediction of the digestible and metabolizable energy contents of corn germ meal in growing pigs

  • Shi, Meng;Liu, Zhaoyu;Wang, Hongliang;Shi, Chuanxin;Liu, Ling;Wang, Junjun;Li, Defa;Zhang, Shuai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.405-412
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    • 2019
  • Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn germ meals (CGM) and to develop equations to predict the corresponding energy contents based on the chemical characteristics of individual CGM. Methods: Sixty-six barrows (initial body weight = $51.3{\pm}4.6kg$) were allotted to 11 diets including a basal diet and 10 CGM test diets in a completely randomized design. In the test diets, CGM was included in replacement of 30% of the energy-providing ingredients in the basal diet, resulting in a final inclusion rate of 29.1%. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 5-d total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: Considerable variation was observed in acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ether extract, ash, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus contents among the CGM samples. On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME contents of the CGM ranged from 10.22 to 15.83 MJ/kg and from 9.94 to 15.43 MJ/kg, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were negatively correlated with the DE and ME contents of CGM samples. The best-fit prediction equations for the DE and ME values (MJ/kg DM) of the 10 CGM were: DE = 26.85-0.28 insoluble dietary fiber (%)-17.79 Ca (%); ME = 21.05-0.43 ADF (%)-11.40 Ca (%). Conclusion: The chemical compositions of CGM vary depending on sources, particularly in ether extract and Ca. The DE and ME values of CGM can be predicted based on their chemical composition in growing pigs.

Polarimetry of solar system small bodies using the Seoul National University 61cm telescope and TRIPOL

  • Jin, Sunho;Ishiguro, Masateru;Kwon, Yuna Grace;Geem, Jooyeon;Bach, Yoonsoo P.;Seo, Jinguk;Sasago, Hiroshi;Sato, Shuji
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.64.2-64.2
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    • 2019
  • It is known that lights scattered by comets and asteroids are partially polarized. From polarimetric observations of those objects, we can investigate physical properties, such as albedos, sizes of cometary dust particles and regolith of asteroids. Since the polarization degrees of those objects highly depend on their phase angles (Sun-object-observer's angles), long-term monitoring observations are required. Moreover, comets show unforeseeable activations (i.e., outbursts) which need follow-up observations to understand the mechanism. In order to realize such monitoring and transient observations, we installed the Triple-Range Imager and POLarimeter (TRIPOL) on the 61cm telescope of Seoul National University (Hereafter, SNU) Gwanak campus. With this combination, we can obtain g', r', i' bands photopolarimetric images simultaneously with $8.0^{\prime}{\times}8.0^{\prime}$ field of view and pixel resolution of 0.94" pixel-1. Here, we make a presentation regarding the photometric and polarimetric performances of TRIPOL on the SNU 61cm telescope. In addition, we introduce initial polarimetric results of asteroid and comets with the instruments. First, we determine the limiting magnitudes (defined as magnitudes for S/N=5) of $15.17{\pm}0.06$ (g'-band), $15.68{\pm}0.01$ (r'-band), $16.24{\pm}0.03$ (I'-band), respectively, with total 240-seconds exposure (four 60-seconds exposure images, each was taken at different rotation angle for the half-wave plate). Second, we found that the instrumental polarization is negligibly small, ($-0.32{\pm}0.04%$ in the g', $-0.36{\pm}0.05%$ in the r' and $-0.21{\pm}0.04%$ in the i'-bands), while the polarization efficiencies are large enough to maximize the performance (i.e., $97.52{\pm}0.03%$ in the g', $98.83{\pm}0.02%$ in the r' and $99.15{\pm}0.02%$ in the i'-bands). With the instruments, we made observations of three Jupiter-family comets, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 38P/Stephan-Oterma, and 46P/Wirtanen and plan to observe one near-Earth asteroid, (433) Eros, on a trial basis. Especially for comets, we discriminate signals from dust and gas to eliminate gas contamination, which are known to change observed degree of linear polarization, using multi-band images. We confirm that the phase angle dependency of these comets are consistent with previous observations, probably because polarimetric property of Jupiter-family comets are broadly homogeneous unlike asteroids. We will also describe future observation plans using TRIPOL and SNU 61cm telescope.

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Applicability of the Wind Erosion Prediction System for prediction of soil loss by wind in arable land

  • Lee, Kyo-Suk;Seo, Il-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Phil;Lim, Chul-Soon;Lee, Dong-Sung;Min, Se-Won;Jung, Hyun-Gyu;Yang, Jae-Eui;Chung, Doug-Young
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.845-857
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    • 2020
  • The precise estimation of accelerated soil wind erosion that can cause severe economic and environmental impacts still has not been achieved to date. The objectives of this investigation were to verify the applicability of a Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) that expressed the soil loss as mass per area for specific areas of interest on a daily basis for a single event in arable lands. To this end, we selected and evaluated the results published by Hagen in 2004 and the soil depth converted from the mass of soil losses obtained by using the WEPS. Hagen's results obtained from the WEPS model followed the 1 : 1 line between predicted and measured value for soil losses with only less than 2 kg·m-2 whereas the values between the measured and predicted loss did not show any correlation for the given field conditions due to the initial field surface condition although the model provided reasonable estimates of soil loss. Calculated soil depths of the soil loss by wind for both the observed and predicted ones ranged from 0.004 to 3.113 cm·10 a-1 and from 0 to 2.013 cm·10 a-1, respectively. Comparison of the soil depths between the observed and predicted ones did not show any good relationship, and there was no soil loss in the predicted one while slight soil loss was measured in the observed one. Therefore, varying the essential model inputs and factors related to wind speed and soil properties are needed to accurately estimate soil loss for a given field in arable land.

Interactive Metronome Training for a Child With Praxis Problems: A Single Subject Design (실행문제가 있는 아동의 상호작용식 메트로놈 중재를 통한 타이밍 변화: 단일 대상 연구)

  • Song, Jiwon;Hong, Eunkyoung
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 2020
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to apply interactive metronome (IM) training to a child with praxis problems who are attending elementary school and to measure the change in participants' timing following IM training. Methods : A total of 11 sessions were conducted using a single subject design. The participant was a boy aged 12 years and two months. During period A, the IM Long Form Assessment (LFA) and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) were administered along with clinical observation. During period B, IM training was conducted. During all sessions, tasks 1 and 2 of the IM Short Form Assessment (SFA) were carried out, and changes in the participant's timing were recorded. Results : As a result of the initial assessment, the participant was suspected to have bilateral integration and sequencing deficits. In SFA tasks 1 and 2, the accuracy of the participant's timing increased during the B period compared to the A period. In addition, the trend line of SFA task 1 showed a negative slope during the B period but a positive slope during the A period. Conclusion : This study indicates that IM has a positive effect on the timing of children who have problems with praxis. This result provides a basis for applying IM training in clinical practice.

A Study on Degradation Phenomenon Based on Test Device for Aging Diagnosis in PV Modules (태양광모듈의 열화진단 시험장치 구현 및 열화특성에 관한 연구)

  • Shen, Jian;Lee, Hu-Dong;Tae, Dong-Hyun;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2021
  • Generally, a proper evaluation method of the aging phenomenon of PV modules is required as the electrical performance and lifespan of PV modules can degrade significantly due to several environmental factors, while they are generally known as devices that are used semi-permanently for more than 20 years. On the other hand, there is a lack of objectivity in the existing evaluation method of the aging phenomenon, which compares the adjusted PV output based on STC with the initial PV module specifications due to the data distortion while adjusting the measured data. Therefore, this study implemented a test device for an aging diagnosis to measure and collect actual data from a PV module section and modeled the data for aging using MATLAB S/W to minimize the variability of the PV output, communication error, and delay. Furthermore, this study confirmed the usefulness of the presented test device for aging diagnosis of the PV modules by diagnosing the total period and yearly-basis degradation rate of aging PV modules as 25.73% and 1.55%, respectively, according to the on-site output characteristics of the PV modules by season.

The Characteristics of Sustainable University Campus Policy, Plan and it's Architectural Application -Focused on UBC Campus Policy, Plan and CIRS Building- (지속가능한 대학 캠퍼스정책 및 플랜과 건축의 적용 특성 -UBC의 캠퍼스플랜과 CIRS 건물을 중심으로-)

  • Choi, Soon-Sub;Oh, JoonGul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.731-741
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    • 2020
  • University campus plans include urban and spatial values and identities that they emphasize. The purpose of this study is to analyze sustainable campus policy, space, and the application to architectural planning, which UBC in Canada pursues independently from a Green Campus Certificate System. Sustainable directions and architectural components are deduced. The results are as follows: 1) the correspondence between the campus plan's goal and architectural implementation is the most important. Thus, the university must build a system for the plan's goal and a strategy to make a sustainable campus. 2) A guideline and system are requested to make many experts in various fields and stakeholders participate in the initial stage through "Design Charrette." 3) A system of virtuous circulation must be built so that feedback can be applied through the real-time comparison and verification of building energy consumption. Another goal of this study is emphasizing the necessity of campus policy and plans based on the "Living Laboratory" concept to make a sustainable city. This study could be meaningful because it supports a basis for triggering the establishment of goals for a sustainable plan and implementation in Korean universities.

Effects of feeding starch sugar by-products on in situ rumen disappearance rate, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of late finishing Hanwoo steers

  • Choi, Yongjun;Park, Geetae;Kang, Hyokon;Ahn, Jiyeon;Lee, Eunchae;Na, Youngjun;Lee, Sangrak
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of feeding starch sugar byproducts (SSBs) on in situ disappearance rate, performance, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers in the late finishing stage. Methods: To determine the in situ disappearance rate, nylon bags filled with 5 g of SSB were inserted into the ventral sac of two cannulated Holsteins cows and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 Hanwoo steers were fed the experimental diets, which were basal diet (control) and 7% SSB on an as-fed basis (4.35% dry matter [DM]), formulated according to requirements of the Korean Feeding Standard for Hanwoo. The experiment was conducted over 80 days using a completely randomized block design. Results: Soluble fraction a of DM and organic matter (OM) was 44.20% and 64.60% DM, fraction b was 23.00% and 19.40% DM, and c values (the rate of degradation of fraction b) were 0.04 and 0.04/h, respectively. The effective degradability of DM at rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08/h was 59.83, 54.75, and 52.16, respectively, and for OM was 77.78, 73.52, and 71.34, respectively. Initial and final body weight, average daily gain, DM intake, and gain:feed did not differ significantly between control and SSB groups during the entire experimental period. Carcass traits of Hanwoo steers with SSB supplementation were not significantly different between treatments except for dressing percentage, which was greater with SSB treatment. The content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was greater and that of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) was lower in the SSB group than in the control group. The ratio of UFA to SFA was significantly lower in the SSB group than in the control group. Conclusion: A total mixed ration containing less than 4.0% DM of SSBs can be used in Hanwoo steers without a decrease in productivity and carcass traits.

The Present and Future of Service Science (서비스학의 현재와 미래)

  • Hyunsoo Kim
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.139-163
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    • 2022
  • This study analyzes the past and present of service science research as a central discipline that will lead a new economy and society, and presents a guide for future research. In the 21st century, service research has developed into a new discipline that is different from the existing service studies. Service science is a discipline that collectively refers to all research related to services. This study analyzes this development process and suggests the direction of future service science research. First, we analyze the research before the birth of service science, an early model of service studies. And the early research on the birth of service science is analyzed. Through this process, the service science framework that expanded and developed the initial service science is analyzed. We introduce each field of service science, which is a new innovation of the existing academic system from a modern perspective, and analyzes the structure of the service philosophy that is the basis of independent academic fields. And we suggest the future direction of service science research. The direction of paradigm innovation research of existing individual disciplines is presented first. As an example, innovation from existing business administration to service business administration is introduced. We also suggest a new economic and social system research direction that requires the convergence of multiple academic fields. Finally, we present a direction for multidimensional, broad-based convergence research. We suggest that the future of service science can be the process of reverting back to integration and convergence, centered on humans and the world, of the disciplines that have continued to diverge in the history. We present a model in which all disciplines are reintegrated into service science as the Eastern and Western spirits converge.

Correction for Membrane Penetration Effect during Isotropic Unloading and Undrained Cyclic Shear Process (등방제하과정과 반복전단과정에서의 멤브레인 관입량 및 보정식에 대한 실험적 고찰)

  • Kwon, Youngcheul;Bae, Wooseok;Oh, Sewook
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.3C
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2006
  • Soil tests are generally conducted using a membrane to measure a pore water pressure. However, it has also been recognized that the membrane penetrates into the specimen by the change of the confining pressure, and it results in the erroneous measurement in the pore water pressure and the volumetric strain. This study examined the effectiveness of the correction equation of the membrane penetration on the basis of the experimental data acquired during the isotropic unloading and the cyclic shear process using the hollow cylindrical shear test equipment. The results showed that the membrane penetration by the correction equation could be overestimated when the mean effective stress was lower than 20kPa in this study. The limitations originated from the sudden increase near the zero effective stress, and in order to prevent the overestimation in low effective stress condition, the use of the constant a was proposed in this study. Furthermore, the correction equation for the membrane penetration had to be applied carefully when the initial relative density was high and the density changes were occurred by the relocation of the soil particle by the liquefaction.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsies: A Multicenter Study

  • Kyung Hee Lee;Kun Young Lim;Young Joo Suh;Jin Hur;Dae Hee Han;Mi-Jin Kang;Ji Yung Choo;Cherry Kim;Jung Im Kim;Soon Ho Yoon;Woojoo Lee;Chang Min Park
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.1300-1310
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    • 2019
  • Objective: To measure the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsies (PTNBs) on the basis of the intention-to-diagnose principle and identify risk factors for diagnostic failure of PTNBs in a multi-institutional setting. Materials and Methods: A total of 9384 initial PTNBs performed in 9239 patients (mean patient age, 65 years [range, 20-99 years]) from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of PTNBs for diagnosis of malignancy were measured. The proportion of diagnostic failures was measured, and their risk factors were identified. Results: The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 91.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.6-91.7%), 92.5% (95% CI, 91.9-93.1%), 86.5% (95% CI, 85.0-87.9%), 99.2% (95% CI, 99.0-99.4%), and 84.3% (95% CI, 82.7-85.8%), respectively. The proportion of diagnostic failures was 8.9% (831 of 9384; 95% CI, 8.3-9.4%). The independent risk factors for diagnostic failures were lesions ≤ 1 cm in size (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.23-2.81), lesion size 1.1-2 cm (1.75; 1.45-2.11), subsolid lesions (1.81; 1.32-2.49), use of fine needle aspiration only (2.43; 1.80-3.28), final diagnosis of benign lesions (2.18; 1.84-2.58), and final diagnosis of lymphomas (10.66; 6.21-18.30). Use of cone-beam CT (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.75) and conventional CT-guidance (0.55; 0.32-0.94) reduced diagnostic failures. Conclusion: The accuracy of PTNB for diagnosis of malignancy was fairly high in our large-scale multi-institutional cohort. The identified risk factors for diagnostic failure may help reduce diagnostic failure and interpret the biopsy results.