Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

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A Study on Degradation Phenomenon Based on Test Device for Aging Diagnosis in PV Modules

태양광모듈의 열화진단 시험장치 구현 및 열화특성에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2021.03.12
  • Accepted : 2021.06.04
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

Generally, a proper evaluation method of the aging phenomenon of PV modules is required as the electrical performance and lifespan of PV modules can degrade significantly due to several environmental factors, while they are generally known as devices that are used semi-permanently for more than 20 years. On the other hand, there is a lack of objectivity in the existing evaluation method of the aging phenomenon, which compares the adjusted PV output based on STC with the initial PV module specifications due to the data distortion while adjusting the measured data. Therefore, this study implemented a test device for an aging diagnosis to measure and collect actual data from a PV module section and modeled the data for aging using MATLAB S/W to minimize the variability of the PV output, communication error, and delay. Furthermore, this study confirmed the usefulness of the presented test device for aging diagnosis of the PV modules by diagnosing the total period and yearly-basis degradation rate of aging PV modules as 25.73% and 1.55%, respectively, according to the on-site output characteristics of the PV modules by season.

일반적으로, 태양광모듈은 20년 이상의 장기간 동안 사용할 수 있다고 알려져 있지만, 설치된 주변 환경요인(염분, 온도, 습도, 자외선, 음영 등)에 따라 다양한 열화현상이 발생하여, 전기적 성능과 수명이 크게 감소할 수 있어 태양광 모듈에 대한 정확한 열화특성 분석이 요구되고 있다. 그러나, 태양광모듈의 출력을 STC조건으로 보정하여 초기 사양과 비교분석하는 기존의 열화특성 분석방법은 데이터 보정 시 필연적으로 발생하는 데이터 오류로 인하여 객관성이 결여될 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 태양광전원 모듈부와 모니터링부로 구성된 열화진단 시험장치를 구축하여 모듈별 출력 데이터를 측정 및 수집하고, 태양광모듈의 출력 변동성과 통신 에러 및 지연에 따른 영향을 최소화하기 위하여, MATLAB을 이용한 열화특성 분석 모델링을 통하여 실측 데이터를 평활화한다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 태양광모듈의 열화 상태를 계절별 실측 출력특성에 따라 분석한 결과, 전체 구형모듈의 평균 열화율은 총 25.73%이고, 연평균 1.55%씩 열화됨을 진단할 수 있어, 본 논문에서 구축한 열화진단 시험장치의 유용성을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2020년도 중소벤처기업부의 기술개발사업 지원에 의한 연구[S2854105]와 2020년 교육부 대학혁신지원사업 사업비를 지원받아 연구되었음.

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