• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze consonant articulation errors produced by 90 speakers with cerebral palsy (CP). Phonetic transcriptions were made for 37 single-word utterances containing 70 phonemes: 48 initial consonants and 22 final consonants. Errors of substitution, omission, and distortion were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm showing the visualization of error patterns. Results showed that substitution errors in initial and final consonants were most frequent, followed by omission and distortion. Consonant omission occurred more frequently on final consonants. In both initial and final consonants, the within-place errors were more prominent than the within-manner errors. The current results suggest that consonant confusion matrices for dysarthric speech may provide useful information for evaluating speech intelligibility and developing automatic speech recognition system of adults with CP associated dysarthria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1994

For the conventional systme based on word, it is very difficult to enlarge the number of vocabulary. To cope with this problem, we must use more fundamental units of speech. For example, syllables and phonemes are such units, Korean speech consists of initial consonants, middle vowels and final consonants and has characteristic that we can obtain syllables from speech easily. In this paper, we show a speech recognition system with the advantage of the syllable characteristics peculiar to the Korean speech. The algorithm of recognition system is the Time Delay Neural Network. To recognize many recognition units, system consists of initial consonants, middle vowels, and final consonants recognition neural network. At first, our system recognizes initial consonants, middle vowels and final consonants. Then using this results, system recognizes isolated words. Through experiments, we got 85.12% recognition rate for 2735 data of initial consonants, 86.95% recognition rate for 3110 data of middle vowels, and 90.58% recognition rate for 1615 data of final consonants. And we got 71.2% recognition rate for 250 data of isolated words.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

The focus of this study was to investigate whether there is a position effect on identification accuracy of L2 consonants by Korean listeners and to examine how Korean listeners perceive the phonetic properties of initial and final consonants produced by a Korean learner of English and an English native speaker. Most studies examining L2 learners' perception of L2 sounds have focused on the segmental level but very few studies have examined the role of prosodic position in L2 learners' perception. In the present study, an identification test was conducted for English consonants /p, t, k, f, ɵ, s, ʃ/ in CVC prosodic structures. The results revealed that Korean listeners identified syllable-initial consonants more accurately than syllable-final consonants. The perceptual accuracy in syllable initial consonants may be attributable to the enhanced phonetic properties in the initial consonants. A significant correlation was found between error rates and F2 onset/offset for stops and fricatives, and between perceptual accuracy and RMS burst energy for stops. However, the identification error patterns were found to be different across consonant types and between the different language speakers. In the final position, Korean listeners had difficulty in identifying /p/, /f/, /ɵ/, and /s/ when they were produced by a Korean speaker and showed more errors in /p/, /t/, /f/, /ɵ/, and /s/ when they were spoken by an English native speaker. Comparing to the perception of English consonants spoken by a Korean speaker, greater error rates and diverse error patterns were found in the perception of consonants produced by an English native speaker. The present study provides the evidence that prosodic position plays a crucial role in the perception of L2 segments.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phonological error patterns of korean children with and without specific phonological disorders(SPD). In this study, 29 normally developing children and 10 SPD children were involved. The children were matched the percentage of consonants correct(PCC). 22 picture cards were used to elicit korean consonants in word initial syllable initial, word medial syllable initial, word medial syllable final, word final syllable final positions. The findings were as follows. First, the phonological error patterns of SPD were 1) similar to those of normal children with the same PCC, 2) similar to those of normal children with the lower PCC, or 3) unusual to those of normal children. Second,. korean children showed phonological processes reflecting the korean phonological characteristics: tensification, reduction of the word medial syllable final consonant. This study suggests that both the PCC and error patterns should be considered in assessing phonological abilities of children.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2015

This study investigated final consonant error characteristics at word-medial position in children with functional articulation disorder. Data was collected from 11 children with functional articulation and 11 normal children, ages 4 to 5. The speech samples were collected from a naming test. Seventy-five words with every possible bi-consonants matrix at the word-medial position were used. The results of this study were as follows : First, percentage of correct word-medial final consonants of functional articulation disorder was lower than normal children. Second, there were significant differences between two groups in omission, substitution and assimilation error. Children with functional articulation disorder showed a high frequency of omission and regressive assimilation error, especially alveolarization in regressive assimilation error most. However, normal children showed a high frequency of regressive assimilation error, especially bilabialization in regressive assimilation error most. Finally, the results of error analysis according to articulation manner, articulation place and phonation type of consonants of initial consonant at word-medial, both functional articulation disorder and normal children showed a high error rate in stop sound-stop sound condition. The error rate of final consonant at word-medial position was high when initial consonant at word-medial position was alveolar sound and alveopalatal sound. Futhermore, when initial sounds were fortis and aspirated sounds, more errors occurred than linis sound was initial sound. The results of this study provided practical error characteristics of final consonant at word-medial position in children with speech sound disorder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.186-191
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• 2006

The perception of English labial consonants was investigated via experiment where 40 Korean EFL learners identified nonwords with the target labial consonants [p, b, f, v] in 4 different prosodic locations: initial onset position, intervocalic position before stress, intervocalic position after stress, and final coda position. The overall result showed that the proportion of perception accuracy of the target consonants was rather low, amounting to only 55%. There was also a positional effect since the accuracy rates for perceiving the four target consonants differed by position. Specifically, the average accuracy rate of the target consonant identification was higher in intervocalic position before stress (70%) and initial onset position (67%) than in intervocalic position after stress (45%) and final coda position (36%). Further, the accuracy rate for [f] is was high in all prosodic locations except intervocalic position after stress. The perception patterns were accounted for by the markedness and perceptual factors in conjunction with stress location.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.167-181
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• 2021

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate whether phonetic complexity affected the type and frequency of articulation errors and the acoustic duration of consonants and words produced by children with functional articulation and phonological disorders. Methods : The participants in this study were 20 children with functional articulation and phonological disorders and 20 children without such disorders who were between 3 years 7 months old and 4 years 11 months old. The participants were asked to name what they saw in pictures and their responses were recorded. The types and frequencies of articulation errors and the acoustic duration of words were analyzed and words were categorized as being of either 'high' or 'low' phonetic complexity. The acoustic duration of initial and final consonants and vowels following initial consonants were compared between the groups according to articulatory complexity. Results : Children with functional articulation and phonological disorders produced articulation errors more frequently when saying high complexity words and had longer word duration when saying low-complexity words than children without such disorders. There was no major difference in initial and final consonant duration between the groups. but the main effect of articulatory complexity on the duration of both consonants was significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that the articulatory-phonic structure of words influences the speech motor control ability of children with functional articulation and phonological disorders. When articulating consonants, children with functional articulation and phonological disorders had speech motor control ability similar to that of children without such disorders.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop Korean Consonant Perception Test (KCPT), that is a phonemic level including elementary data to evaluate speech and consonant perception ability of the normal and the hearing impaired qualitatively and quantitatively. KCPT was completed with meaningful monosyllabic words out of possible all Korean monosyllabic words, considering articulation characteristics, the degree of difficulty, and the frequency of the phonemic appearance, after assembling a tentative initial and final consonants testing items using four multiple-choice method which were applied to the seven final consonant regulation and controlled with the familiarity of the target words. Conclusively, the final three hundred items were developed including two- and one-hundred items for initial and final testing items, respectively, with the evaluation of the 20 normal hearing adults. Through this process, the final KCPT was composed upon the colloquial frequency following identification of no speakers' variances statistically and elimination of the highly difficult items. The 30 hearing impaired were tested with KCPT and found that the half lists, A and B, were not different statistically and the initial and final testing items were appropriate for evaluating initial and final consonants, respectively.

• MALSORI
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• no.35_36
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• pp.13-24
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• 1998

This study aims at examining the relationship between tonal events and their related vowel and syllable duration in Korean. Two things were investigated: one is to see if there is a hierarchical relationship in prosodic unit-final-lengthening and the other is to see if accentual phrase initial high tone syllable gets lengthened. Generally, higher prosodic units show larger degree of lengthening of the final vowel and also final syllable duration than the lower ones except for accentual phrase: Mean duration of utterance-final or intonational-phrase-final syllable(and its vowels) was longer than that of accentual-phrase-final or word-final syllable(and its vowels). However, mean duration of accentual phrase final syllable was shorter than that of word final syllable. Mean vowel duration of accentual phrase initial high tone syllable was shorter than that of any other prosodic unit. Its mean syllable duration, however, was longer than that of accentual-phrase-final or word-final syllable, indicating that strong consonants(fortis and aspirated) frequently appear in the accentual phrase initial position and this position is a prosodically strong position showing longer duration as well as high tone.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the syllable and phoneme frequencies in the spontaneous speech of some Korean children. Sixty four normally developing children aged from 2 to 5 were involved (male: female=1 : 1, 16 children in each age group). Fifty connected utterances were analyzed using the KCLA (Korean Computerized Language Analysis) 2.0 and Exel. The findings were as follows: 1) /i/ was the most frequently used syllable and was followed by /yo/, /k/, /s'/, /nen/ and so on. 2) The most frequently used Korean phonemes were syllable-initial consonant /k/, syllable- medial vowel /a/ and syllable-final consonant /n/. 3) All seven syllable final consonants (/p,t,k,m,n,n,l/) were used more frequently in the word-medial position than in the word-final position. Three syllable initial consonants(/k, I, s'/) were used more frequently in the word-medial position than in the word-initial position. The syllable and phoneme frequencies in the Korean children's spontaneous speech will provide valuable information in interpreting the severity of phonological disorder and in developing tools for the Korean phonological assessment and intervention.