• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2023

In this study, the α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extracts of 5 varieties of Agaricus bisporus (AB) were confirmed. First, the α-amylase inhibitory activity of AB12, AB13, AB18, AB34, and AB40 methanol extracts was lower than that of acarbose, a positive control, in all concentration ranges. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the AB40, AB13, and AB12 methanol extracts at the extract concentration of 1.0 mg/mL was 80.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5%, respectively, similar to that of acarbose, a positive control. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Agaricus bisporus fruiting body was significantly lower than that of the positive control orlistat in the concentration range of 50~1.000 (mg/mL). The Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity was 0.5~8.0 mg/mL of each extract, which was significantly lower than that of the positive control allopurinol in the same concentration range. However, the Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of AB13 and AB40 at 8.0 mg/mL was about 70%, which was higher than that of other mushrooms. In conclusion, five kinds of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies seem to have inhibitory effects on enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and Xanthine Oxidase that degrade starch and protein. In particular, it has an inhibitory effect and a reduction effect on xanthine oxidase that causes gout, so it is expected that it can be developed and used as a food or health supplement with health functional properties through future research.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect in persimmon calyx(calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunberg) for screening of functional materials from natural products. As a result, EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect. The active constituents of tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effect were isolated from EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx. Their structure of compounds were identified as ursolic acid and (-)-daucosterol by spectroscopic evidence, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the biological activities of Carthamus tinctorius including antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and collagenase inhibitory activities. Carthamus tinctorius, hot water extract was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Each of these was assayed individually. The hot water extract showed high antioxidative activity and thrombin inhibitory activity at 90.17% and 97.10% respectively. In the fraction activity tests, chloroform fraction showed the highest antioxidative activity at 81.85%. The fibrinolytic activity was strong only in the butanol fraction at 0.70 plasmin units/ml. The thrombin inhibitory activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were 97.35%, 86.74% and 93.18% respectively. In collagenase inhibitory activity test, hexane fraction showed the highest activity at 87.78%. In conclusion, the hot water extract and solvent fractions of Carthamus tinctorius L can be used as a material for the development of biofunctional tea and foods respectively.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

The subjects were individually presented with the Maxi-doll task to examine false belief and with the flower-star (Stroop-like day-night) test to examine inhibitory control skill. In the $1^{st}$ session, the subjects were tested with both the Maxi tesk and the flower-star test. Three days later, subjects were retested with the Maxi task, including an inhibitory cue. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, age(2) $\times$ inhibitory level(2) $\times$ task type(Maxi-task or Maxi-including cue). All the main effects were significant and the interaction effect between inhibitory level and task type was also significant. Thus, their understanding of the mind and inhibitory control skill both influence children's performance on a typical false belief task.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare anti-Inflammation and anti-oxidation of Jeondo-San(JDS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and water. Methods : Two kinds of JDS extractions were prepared 20, 50, $100\;{\mu}g/mg$. The Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effects were measured by inhibitory efficacy on $PGE_2$, NO, TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effects were measured by ROS inhibitory efficacy, intracellular GSH synthesis and DPPH Radical scavenging in HaCaT cell. Results : 1. All of JDS extraction groups had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of $PGE_2$. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 3. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of NO. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 4. All of JDS extraction groups did not show significantly inhibitory effect on production of TNF-$\alpha$. 5. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol and $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with water showed inhibitory effect on iNOS expression. 6. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of ROS. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. 7. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol only produced GSH of $32{\pm}5.2%$. 8. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. Conclusion : Two kinds of JDS extractions have not cytotoxicity and inhibit production of NO. JDS extracted with water was effective in anti-inflammation, JDS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.620-628
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• 2012

We examined the effects of biological activity Phellinus linteus mycelium culture with cassiae semen extract. Firstly, the optimal temperature, initial pH and culture period for mycelial growth in a liquid culture of P. linteus were determined, and they were $30^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0 and 8 days respectively. The five herbal materials were examined against several health functional efficacies, and, as a result, Cassiae semen was chosen, with its superior inhibitory effects in ${\beta}$-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities(95.3%, 80.9%, 96.1 and 24.2%, respectively). P. linteus fruit body was investigated on ${\beta}$-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and they were 54.7%, 81.9%, 30.0% and 20.1%, respectively. Accordingly, C. semen was used in the following experiment, to give an additive functional effect on the P. linteus. As the amount of C. semen in the cultural media increased, mycelial weight and ${\beta}$-glucan contents also increased, but final pH was not influenced. In addition, the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity increased. P. linteus mycelium culture showed higher activities in the other three tests above, except for electron donating activity, when C. semen was added to the medium before cultivation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic activity of Chaturmukha rasa based on streptozotocin induced diabetes model, alpha amylase inhibitory activity, alpha Glucosidase inhibitory activity and inhibition of sucrase. Methods: Chaturmukha rasa was prepared as per Ayurvedic formulary. Antidiabetic activity was measured in experimentally streptozotocin induced rats. The dose was taken as 45 mg/kg, i.p. The antidiabetic activity of Chaturmukha rasa was compared Triphala Kwatha, a marketed formulation. Further In vitro $\acute{\alpha}$- Amylase Inhibitory Assay, In vitro salivary amylase Inhibitory Assay, In vitro ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ Inhibitory Assay and In vitro Sucrase Inhibitory Assay was performed with respect to Chaturmukha rasa. The IC50 value was calculated for all the above activity. Results: Streptozotocin with Acarbose showed significant decrease in blood glucose level whereas streptozotocin with Triphala kwatha showed more decrease in blood glucose level than Streptozotocin with Acarbose. The combination of Streptozotocin + Triphala kwatha + Chaturmukha rasa showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level on 21st day. In vitro $\acute{\alpha}$- Amylase Inhibitory Assay the Chaturmukha rasa showed IC50 value $495.94{\mu}l$ when compared with Acarbose $427.33{\mu}l$, respectively. In the ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ Inhibitory Assay Chaturmukha rasa showed IC50 value $70.93{\mu}l$ when compared with Acarbose $102.28{\mu}l$, respectively. In vitro Sucrase Inhibitory Assay Chaturmukha rasa showed IC50 value $415.4{\mu}l$ when compared with Acarbose $371.43{\mu}l$, respectively. Conclusion: This study supports that Chaturmukha rasa may inhibit diabetes by inhibition of salivary amylase or alpha Glucosidase or sucrase. This may be the mechanism by which Chaturmukha rasa inhibits diabetes. Further this study supports the usage of Chaturmukha rasa for the management of diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2020

Background: The inhibitory effect of Rodgersia podophylla root extract on melanin production has been reported, however, the study on the optimal extraction conditions that increase melanin inhibitory activity has not yet been performed. Methods and Results: In this study, we compared the melanin inhibitory activity of R. podophylla root extract obtained through different preprocessing and extraction methods. The melanin inhibitory activity was examined using Melan-A melanocytes. The results indicated that the inhibitory activity of R. podophylla roots collected in August was higher than that of the roots collected in May and November. Additionally, non-dried R. podophylla roots exhibited higher activity than dried roots, and the stirring extract was more active than the ultrasonic extract. Conclusions: Collection of R. podophylla root when the temperature is high, without drying, and stirring extraction are considered to be the optimal extraction conditions for increased melanin inhibitory effect.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate tyrosinase inhibitory effect, hyaluronidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method on the MeOH extract of 50 species medicinal plant for screening of functional properties. As a result, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne extract among 50 species medicinal plant turned out to be having tyrosinase, hyaluronidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity. The major component of tyrosinase and hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from EtOAc extract of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne. And the component of antioxidant activity was isolated from n-BuOH extract of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne. Their structure of compounds were identified as oleanolic acid and (-)-epicatechin by spectroscopic evidence, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2005

Methanolic extracts of ninety-five medicinal plants were screened for platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding inhibitory activity using rabbit platelet. Alpinia officinarum, Belamcanda chinensis, Leonurus heterophyllus, Pinus densiflora, Polygonatum sibiricum and Sambucus williamsii showed significant inhibitory effects on the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding.