• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-38
• /
• 2021

The paper examines the role of the informal sector on innovation activities of urban formal manufacturing enterprises in India. It provides empirical evidence on firm-level linkages between formal and informal sectors by using the World Bank Enterprise Survey, 2013-14 and the Innovation Follow-up survey, 2014. Primarily, the paper aims to examine the effect of informal sector competition on innovation in urban formal manufacturing enterprises in India. Secondly, the paper analyses the mediation effect of informal sector competition on innovations in the urban manufacturing enterprises. It determines the direct and indirect influence of business regulations and constraints on innovation outcomes through the mediation effect of informal sector competition by using the SEM "Structural Equation Modeling" guidelines. The econometric results show that informal sector competition has a negative effect on the introduction of product innovations while industry-level informal sector competition has a positive effect on product innovation through the local knowledge spillovers from the informal to the formal sector. However, the informal sector competition was found to have no significant effect on the probability of introducing process innovations. Further, the results show the inhibitive role of informal sector competition on innovation in urban formal manufacturing enterprises is more severe for firms with heavy regulatory burdens and is relatively weakened in firms with resource constraints. This suggests that the informal sector plays an important role in the NIS (National Innovation System) in India.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 건설기술인력의 일터학습 참여 실태와 더불어 일터학습의 하위유형인 형식학습과 무형식학습이 각각 건설기술인력의 인적자원성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2015년 한국직업능력개발원의 6차 인적자본기업패널조사 근로자용 설문자료에서 건설기술인력 306명의 응답치를 선택하여 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 건설기술인력의 일터학습(형식학습, 무형식학습) 참여는 10,069명 전체 근로자에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 수준에 머물러 있으며, 특히 무형식 학습의 참여는 더욱 낮은 수준이었다. 회귀분석 결과를 보면 형식학습의 참여는 직무만족과 직무몰입에만 정(+)의 영향을, 직무능력의 향상에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 무형식학습은 직무능력, 직무만족, 조직몰입 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 또한 형식학습에 비해 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2022

This study aims to analyze the livelihood resources and income diversification of informal recyclers in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). The multiple linear regression model was applied to determine income diversification and total household income with the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (2000), including human resources, physical resources, natural resources, financial resources, and social resources. The results indicated that up to 25% of itinerant waste buyers worked on average more than 7.3 hours/day, which was higher than the urban near-poor level regulated by the Vietnam government. The results of the regression model revealed that total households' income was affected by the factors of health status, gender, urban location type 1, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation, while the factors of health status, urban location, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation have the effect of diversifying farm household income. Thus, if the informal waste recycling sector is supported and regulated by proper government management, it will not only help poor households diversify their income, but it will also help poor households diversify their income, particularly women's income, which is vulnerable and lower than male income in the MRD.

• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2015

Building on previous literature of human resource management and development, this paper investigates the effect of various characteristics of informal education a firm offers on employees' individual creativity. we identify quantity, quality, and variety as three critical components of informal educational and training circumstances. Data from a multi-informant survey conducted to 442 employees in Korean postal service show that a firm's informal educational training has significant effects on its employee creativity. The results indicate that enough high quality of program, various training method have a positive relationship with his/her individual creativity although time and opportunity don't have an critical impact on employee creativity. This study highlights the importance of a firm's informal education in terms of motivation and skills, and helps to explain individual discrepancies in creativity.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.70-84
• /
• 2019

Purposes: Despite a lot of prior studies on psychological empowerment on positive outcomes, the objectives of this paper were to examine the role of psychological empowerment on informal learning and the mediation role of informal learning between psychological empowerment and outcome variables focused upon physical therapists working in hospital industry. Methodology: Using survey methods, the data were collected from 198 physical therapists who have worked in Ulsan city and attended in annual meeting. Findings: Results showed that psychological empowerment predicted informal learning positively but differences in mediational mechanism. Specifically, the path between psychological empowerment and proactive behavior partially mediated but no mediating effect between psychological empowerment and helping behavior. This study identified the main role of psychological empowerment on informal learning, and it expands on positive functions of the concept to learning area in organizations. The other results help advanced understanding of differential mechanism through informal learning in the process between psychological empowerment and both outcomes. Practical Implications: The current study contributes to expend the area of prior findings on psychological empowerment to learning activities implemented by individual volunteer effort. For hospitals operating the teams of physical therapy, the significance for considering psychological empowerment is highlighted as for individual growth related to job and for change behavior in the individual level.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.519-528
• /
• 2007

Although science continues to be a key subject in the education of the majority of young people throughout the world, it is becoming increasingly clear that school science is failing to win the hearts and minds of many of today's younger generation. Researchers have begun to look at ways in which the learning that takes place in museums, science centres and other informal settings can add value to science learning in schools. Four case studies are used to illustrate the potential afforded by informal contexts to research aspects of science learning. The case studies involve: the European Union PENCIL (Permanent European Resource Centre for Informal Learning) project (a network of 14 museums and science centres working with schools to enhance learning in maths and science); a large natural history museum in England; the Tate Modernart gallery in London, and the Outdoor Classroom Action Research Project which involved researchers working in school grounds, field centres and farms. The range of research questions that were asked are examined as are the methodological approaches taken and the methods used to collect and analyse data. Lessons learned from the studies about research in the informal contexts are discussed critically.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 2022

In a rapidly changing environment, it is essential for companies to develop their capabilities for sustainable growth. To this end, informal learning at work plays an important role for small and medium-sized enterprises that are having difficulties in human resource development. If the GRIT of workers and the spiritual leadership of leaders are maintained at an appropriate level, the effect of informal learning will increase. This study derived the following results through a survey of workers participating in the Work-learning Dual System in Korea. First, experience and feedback among informal learning activities have a significant positive effect on competency development. Second, the higher the level of the GRIT of workers, the greater the magnitude of the positive effect of experience and feedback on competency development, showing a positive moderating effect. Third, in the case of workers with high GRIT, capacity development is strengthened as experience or feedback increases, and the higher the level of spiritual leadership, the greater the scope of reinforcement. On the other hand, it can be seen that in the case of workers with low GRIT, competency development weakens as experience or feedback increases, and the higher the level of spiritual leadership, the greater the extent of the weakening.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 치매 노인을 돌보는 노년기 배우자가 지각한 돌봄부담과 사회적지지가 생활만족도에 미치는 영향과 사회적지지의 조절효과를 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울과 경기도 지역 재가방문요양센터의 치매 노인을 돌보는 만60세 이상 배우자 165명을 조사대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 치매 노인을 돌보는 배우자의 전체 돌봄부담은 3.76점(SD=.57)으로 중앙값보다 약간 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 사회적지지의 경우 비공식적지지는 2.65점(SD=.78), 공식적지지는 2.60점(SD=.77)으로 중앙값 보다는 낮게 나타났다. 생활만족도는 3.11점(SD=.78)으로 중앙값 보다 약간 높은 수준을 보였다. 둘째, 치매 노인 배우자의 주관적 건강상태, 소득수준, 사회활동 부담, 비공식적지지가 생활만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 치매 노인 배우자의 주관적 건강상태가 좋을수록, 소득수준이 높을수록 그리고 사회활동 부담이 낮을수록, 비공식적지지가 높을수록 생활만족도가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 사회활동 부담과 비공식적 지지 상호작용 항이 유의미하게 나타났다. 따라서 치매 노인에 대한 사회활동 부담과 생활만족도와의 관계에서 비공식적지지는 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 치매 노인 배우자가 사회활동 부담을 경험하여도 비공식적지지를 많이 사용할수록 생활만족도가 감소하는 정도가 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.21-39
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate service support programs for the work-family balance in the community. Service support programs in the community are at beginning stages of development, because it has taken about 10 years to put a self-governing system into practice in Korea. This study concentrates on service support programs developed by various service organizations in the city and does not include any rural districts. First, the developmental process of the work-family balance model and type of the service support program in the community were studied. Next, the situation of care service support was examined based on written articles. Finally, a few suggestions were made f3r work-family balance in the community. The developmental situation of work-flmily balance in Korea is in a stage which is shifting from the company-leading model to a family-company-community model. The most common type of service support program offered in the community until now has been the informal sector through relatives, neighbors or friends. However, service support programs, in the public sector by the government and in the voluntary sector by nonprofit organizations and corporations, has rapidly been growing and the number of services from each sector has also increased. Profit organizations in the private sector, such as medical and care service centers, are also now rapidly increasing. It appears that service support programs contributing to the work-family balance in the community come from a number of sectors, including public, voluntary, private and informal sectors, to suit consumer needs.