• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2019

Mathematics is one of the subjects in which learners seriously experience under-achievements in school education. Middle school level mathematics especially plays such a role as a bridge between elementary level informal mathematics and high school level formal mathematics that learners' under-achievements in the middle school level mathematics may yield more serious under-achievements later. Therefore it is crucial to prevent learners' later under-achievements that we analyze the status of under achievements including analysing various under-achievers' errors in the middle school level mathematics. From this point of view, we analysed errors of mathematics under-achievers in understanding the concept of the square root of positive numbers and related calculations in this paper. As the results of our research, we found some unexpected errors of 'some mathematics under-achievers regarding the mathematical symbol ${\surd}$ of square root as a parenthesis ( ), and others interpret $x=-2{\pm}{\sqrt{10}}$ as x=-2 or ${\pm}{\sqrt{10}}$.' that suggest the necessity of more various and in-depth discussions and researches of analysis on learners' errors and misconceptions in all areas of school mathematics.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.69-89
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine personal characteristics of two elementary students who developed individual interest in science. 201 students of two elementary schools in Seoul participated in questionnaire survey engaged in to investigate students' interest in science, engagements and preference in science-related-activities three times a year. This case study was conducted with seven students who showed typical types of interest in science. Students wrote a photo-journal for 12 weeks. They were interviewed every other week by a researcher. We analyzed two students who developed individual interest. It turns out that RF participated in doing experiments at home, and disassembling and assembling things. Participation of activities was a process of solving curiosity. When he was unable to solve problems, he searches the internet or books. Sometimes he would ask for help from his teacher. JW engaged in activities: drawing, doing experiments at home, and going to informal education center. She communicated with others by using online-offline media. Curious questions were solved by herself. The two students have a tendency to solve problems by themselves. Also, positive science-related activities were going on at home and in school. This study not only give insights and understanding of students who developed individual interest in science but also provide implication for educators to examine personal characteristics of students.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2020

In today's increasingly data-intensive academic environment, data is becoming the foundation of academic communication as a research outcome rather than a research by-product. However, there is a limit to guaranteeing actual data reuse only by expanding the data supply or securing accessibility. In order to overcome this, it is necessary to understand the data reuse behavior and data needs in-depth. Therefore, this study attempted to identify the major data reuse behavior and data needs among researchers. To this end, the authors of KCI papers among the data reuse documents of the Korea Social Science Data Archive (KOSSDA) for the past 3 years were targeted. An in-depth interview was conducted with 12 researchers who accepted the interview. As a result, factors considered when reusing data were personal, economic, technical, and social aspects, and it was found that the data itself was used or contextual information of the data was used depending on the purpose of data reuse. The path to acquiring data is a web-based source of information, and a path through informal communication can also be found. In terms of the data needs, it was found that they prefer English, the United States, and institutional producers. Also they have a clear preference for quantitative data from an interviewer-filled interpersonal interview survey method, rich metadata along with raw data, and data that contains identification information. However, due to the lack of confidence in the value, it is negative for the use of data with controlled access and use, and it is difficult to confirm a clear preference because there is no similar data available for selection in terms of size and freshness.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.25
• /
• pp.293-313
• /
• 2009

A general sequence of moral instruction in elementary school is advanced to understanding of contents, application of understanding, reflection of application. The understanding of contents as first stage of instruction is related with abstract moral concepts. A model of concept analysis as one of the moral instruction models could be applied to understand on abstract moral concept. We can find rationale of that model from the 'analysis of concept' that is proposed by John Wilson. His 'analysis of concept' is thinking technique based on informal logics of ordinal language. These technique is constituted of 'Isolating questions of concept', 'Right answers', 'Model cases', 'Contrary cases', 'Related cases', 'Borderline cases', 'Invented cases', 'Social context', 'Underlying anxiety', 'Practical results', 'Results in language'. And these techniques could be categorized some of stages like finding a concept for analysis, finding a cases for understanding, concerning on the contexts about using context, concerning on the verification of defined concept. But it has difficulties that directly applicate these stages and technique to elementary school students. For instruction in elementary school, teacher should be translated these terms about each stages and technique to terms suited for students. And it is good for students that these activity can inspire students' interests. In this thesis, I'm trying to translate original terms about concept analysis technique to terms that elementary school students can understand. And then, I'm intending to propose of moral instruction method about truth telling as a example.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.173-218
• /
• 2018

This study focuses on the healthcare sector in Vietnam which is promoting universal health insurance for the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the reform process of the health care system and the law on health insurance through the historical and cultural contexts and its implications from the perspective of development. Based on the three dimensions of UHC - extension of protection for population, provision of various medical services, and financial protection, the current status of the Vietnam healthcare sector is summarized respectively as follows. First, according to the revised Health Insurance law which came into effect in 2015, the mandatory health insurance premiums are calculated based on household units. Second, there is a medical network that can provide preventive and healthcare services centered on primary health care facilities, for example commune health stations (trạm y $t{\hat{e}}$ $X{\tilde{a}}$). Third, out-of-pocket expenditure is still a large proportion although public spending has increased and private spending has decreased since the enforcement of the health insurance law and various schemes. Vietnam is currently striving towards a universal health care system. The development of institutions and systems should be designed in a way that is appropriate for the members of the society rather than efficiency. This article findings shed light on the role of social values, family culture, and informal institutions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2021

Politics and conflicts within organizations are natural phenomena found in any type of organization, affecting organizational outcomes and output variables. Nevertheless, there are not many previous studies on politics and conflict within nursing organizations. Therefore, in this study, we would like to analyze how the internal politics and conflicts, which have been excluded from the previous studies related to nursing organizations, affect the quality of communication between nurses. Data were collected from 310 nurses in an university hospital. Using SPSS21, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses. As results of the analyses, the organizational politics and relationship conflict have negative effect on the quality of vertical and horizontal communication, and task conflict has a positive effect on them. Organizational politics and relationship conflict have negative effects on quality of formal communication. Organizational politics and conflicts did not significantly affect the quality of informal communication. These results suggest that active, managerial efforts should be executed to overcome the negative effects of organizational politics and emotional conflicts among nurses. Furthermore, empirical research on organizational politics and conflicts within nurses organizations should be expanded.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.87-121
• /
• 2021

Since 2012, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe'sadministration began to promote women's participation and advancement in the workplace and established the Act on the Promotion of Female Participation and Career Advancement in the Workplace (the Act) in 2015. Some criticize this Act as a way to utilize women for economic development and to deal with the shrinking working population. In contrast, others point out that it is a law that can be beneficial for women. As such, this Act serves as an interesting case of a women's policy promoted by a conservative government. This paper's objective is to shed light on if and how women are substantively represented in the Diet members' statements made during the legislative debate of the bill on the Promotion of Female Participation and Career Advancement in the Workplace between 2014 and 2015. This paper asks two research questions. First, based on the mixed evaluation of the Act made in the studies about the Abe administration's women's policies, this research asks if the Diet members speak of women as resources to use for other economic and social goals or if women are substantively represented. Second, drawing insights from the literature on women's substantive representation, this research asks how Diet members speak for women. Particularly, based on the studies on conservatism and substantive representation of women, this question seeks to determine if Diet members engage in the conservative representation of women, taking women's roles as mothers and wives who provide care for children, husbands, and elders at home for granted. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the number of statements that explicitly claimed to use women was small. Second, while some Diet members of conservative political parties engaged in the conservative representation of women, there were more instances of non-conservative representation, in which a variety of types of women were represented. These findings reveal that even when the conservative government's intention to submit the bill was to utilize women rather than acting for women, Diet members could speak for various types of women and engage in the non-conservative representation of women. The findings also imply the importance of paying attention to formal and informal legislative deliberation rules to figure out how women's substantive representation can occur under a conservative government and in a legislature dominated by conservative parties.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the status of disaster response, focusing on modern architecture. The modern architecture is drawing more attention and being more used in the local community among the architectural heritage in downtown collective. The railway employee residence area in Soje-dong, Daejeon is a collective building group, and the efforts to evaluate and preserve its historical, cultural, and architectural values have been underway. However, the area is now an undesignated cultural property that does not receive institutional protection. It carries significance in preserving it as a collective building group. Yet, since the main structure is made of wood, the risk of being destroyed by fire or disaster is high, and disaster prevention measures are insufficient. Therefore, this study examined the structural and non-structural conditions such as the arrangement and architectural characteristics of official residence buildings, and looked into measures of the construction of a disaster prevention system and residents' participation. To preserve the urban historical environment created as a collective architectural heritage, it is necessary that the area reinforces its own disaster prevention capabilities, such as establishing an effective disaster prevention system considering village characteristics, strengthening disaster prevention capabilities based on residents' participation, and forging formal and informal governance in the local community.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 2021

India has recently experienced an acute crisis confronting the COVID-19 pandemic as confirmed cases exceeded 11.73 million in March 2021, which was the second worst scale only after the United States. The strict lockdown measures as well as the pandemic itself posed a serious threat of survival, in particular, to immigrant workers engaged in informal sectors, which triggered their reverse immigration. In case the COVID-19 pandemic continues in 2021, it is estimated that in the sector of tourism and service alone, more than 20 million jobs will disappear. The damage on industry is already being realized with the significant decrease of workforce. It is important to note, however, that jobless growth and labor polarization were observed even before the outbreak of COVID-19, and that the pandemic only served as one of the trigger catalysts that made those submerged problems burst out. In this study, we examine the structural problems in industry and labor market in India and consider the social context and efficacy of the "Make in India" or "Atmanirbhar Bhrat" policy. The latter initiative was presented in the trenches of the pandemic in 2020. While considering the complexity of problems, we would like to pursue a future-oriented approach and propose a direction in restructuring the labor market, attempted at reversing the critical conditions following the fourth industrial revolution and digitization into the shortcut to labor market restructuring.

• Iberoamérica
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.25-57
• /
• 2020

Eduardo Galeano is a left-wing intellectual who led the criticism and accusations of dictatorship and social absurdity in Latin America. It digs into the truth of hidden history that has not been revealed in official history. He values the memory of history to stop repetition of the unfortunate history of the past. The main research topic of this study, 『The Book of Embraces』, is also an extension of such work. Most of the stories in this work depend on the writer's memory. There is no coherence or integration in the content of the story, and the length of the text is not constant, so it is extremely informal and fragmented. This is a strategy to formally reveal the illogical and irrational reality of Latin America. He analyzes the problems of the separation system prevalent in Latin American society from various perspectives. It separates me and the others as well as the past and the present. It makes the memory of history void and paralyzes the consciousness of history. These systems are fixed for convenient governance. In this situation, the pattern of violence becomes more explicit and broad. The anxiety and fear of the Latin American public become commonplace. It is a reality of enduring daily life without hope. Galeano finds this enduring force in historical memory. He believes that when the past and the present meet and embrace, a new history of the future can be encountered. Galeano does not just criticize reality or cynical attitude but also suggests hope for the future.