• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of RN-BSN students concerning the RN-BSN curriculum and make suggestions for improvement in the curriculum based on the needs of the students. Method: A descriptive survey study was used. Data were collected from 707 RN-BSN senior students in 21 universities. The research instrument, which was developed after in-depth interviews with 13 RN-BSN students, consisted of 10 curriculum objectives, 34 cultural courses, 48 major courses, three questions on clinical practicum, and teaching methods for 5 required courses. Result: The curriculum objectives selected by the RN-BSN students were problem solving, clinical applicability, critical thinking, creative thinking, and decision making. They wanted cultural courses such as English, understanding of human behavior, social welfare, women's studies, psychology, nutrition science, leadership, recreation, computer applications, exercise and health. They wanted major courses to include the nursing process, nursing research, health assessment, advanced adult nursing, infection control, spiritual/hospice nursing, and nursing of cancer patients. They responded that a clinical practicum was not necessary. They wanted to experience various teaching methods according to particular characteristics of subject being taught. Conclusion: This study suggests some recommendation for improvement of the curriculum based on the needs of RN-BSN students.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1987

To study the replication process of the single-stranded DNA parvovirus KBSH-isolated from normal human cell cultures-in actively dividing embryonic swine kidney cells, amount of the synthesized viral hemagglutination (HA) antigen and the overall rate of viral double-stranded replicative form(RF) DNA synthesis were wxamined. The initiation of viral RF KNA synthesis and the decrease of host DNA synthesis rate in viral infected cells occurred almost same time at 15-16 hour post infection(PI). And the release of viral HA antigen to media followed at 24 hour PI, concurrently the overall rate of viral RF DNA synthesis reaching its maximum. Evidence is presented which indicates that successful performance of viral RF DNA replication requires proteins synthesized in viral infected cells at 10-14 hour PI.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2010

BT toxin is produced by a soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and has long been used as a biological insecticide without any competition. Recently, Photorhabdus, a symbiotic bacterium from entomopathogenic nematodes, family Heterorhabditae, has been researched and discussed as alternatives to B. thuringiensis. Photorhabdus, which lives in the gut of entomopathogenic nematodes, is a highly virulent pathogen of a wide range of insect larvae. When an insect is infected by the nematodes, the bacteria are released into the cadaver, and produce a number of insecticidal toxins. The biological role of the different Photorhabdus toxins in the infection process is still unclear. Photorhabdus toxin complex (Tc) is highly secreted gut-active toxin and has been characterized as a potent three-component (A, B and C) insecticidal protein complex. These components are necessary for full oral activity against insect larvae. The Photorhabdus PirAB binary toxins exhibit a potent injectable activity for Galleria mellonella larvae, and have oral toxicity against mosquitoes and caterpillar pest Plutella xylostella. Other toxin, 'makes caterpillars floppy' (Mcf) showed injectable activity on caterpillars. Recombinant Mcf triggers apoptosis in both insect hemocytes and the midgut epithelium and carries a BH3 domain. In this review, the relationship between the Photorhabdus and the nematode is discussed and recent important insecticidal toxins from Photorhabdus are described.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2006

TETRA system provides the radio authentication service which permits only authorized radio to access network. Radio authentication is the process which checks the sameness of authentication-key(K) shared between radio and authentication center by challenge-response protocol. TETRA standard authentication protocol can prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI from accessing network, but can't prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI & authentication-key. This paper analyzes authentication-key generation/delivery/infection model in TETRA authentication system and analyzes the threat of clone radio caused by authentication-key exposure. Finally we propose the new authentication protocol which prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI & authentication-key from accessing network.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2020

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key virulence determinant in the infection process of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Pathogen constructs a type III apparatus to translocate effector proteins into host cells, which have various roles in pathogenesis. 4-Hydroxybenozic acid and vanillic acid were identified from root extract of Sedum middendorffianum to have inhibitory effect on promoter activity of hrpA gene encoding the structural protein of the T3SS apparatus. The phenolic acids at 2.5 mM significantly suppressed the expression of hopP1, hrpA, and hrpL in the hrp/hrc gene cluster without growth retardation of Pst DC3000. Auto-agglutination of Pst DC3000 cells, which is induced by T3SS, was impaired by the treatment of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. Additionally, 2.5 mM of each two phenolic acids attenuated disease symptoms including chlorosis surrounding bacterial specks on tomato leaves. Our results suggest that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid are potential anti-virulence agents suppressing T3SS of Pst DC3000 for the control of bacterial diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1968

In the 10 years from 1958 through 1968, 23 patients have undergone 24 times of operation for constrictive pericarditis at this department. Follow-up data were available for periods varying several months to almost 10 years from examination at this department or follow-up letters. There were 21 males and 2 females in this series. Range of the age varied from 2 years to 53 years. Seven cases were below 15 years of age. There were two hospital death, one expired two weeks and another four weeks after the pericardiectomy. In both of them, myocardial damage by disease process seemed to be major contributing factors. Clinical and histological study showed tuberculous origin in 12 cases, non-specific chronic infiammatory changes in 8 cases and in 3 cases previous pyogenic pericardial infection by staphylococcus preceded to the constriction. In 11 cases bone tissue was noted microscopically in the pericardium: Sixteen patients[70 %]had pleural effusions, five cases had bilateral, 6 right, and 5 left. Calcification was seen along cardiac border in 9 cases. In 15 catheterized patients, 6 showed pressure gradients between vena cava and right atrium, ranging from 6 mmHg to 10 mmHg. One case was reoperated 3 months after the original operation resulting in marked improvement. In this reoperated case the original pericardiectomy seemed to be incomplete. In 21 cases. excluding 2 hospital death, symptoms and physical findings improved markedly in every patient

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1749-1762
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• 2006

Medical disputes are increasing year by year in korean medical institutions as the frequency of patient's visiting korean medical institutions goes high and the reliability relations between korean medical doctors and patients are getting worse than the past. Frequently occurring accidents in korean medical acts fall into some categories such as medical treatment of acupuncture${\cdot}$moxibustion${\cdot}$cupping, korean herbal medication, korean medical physical therapy, wrong diagnosis. Frequently occurring accidents include these cases. Infection due to improper treatment process of acupunctrue or wet-cupping ; skin-burns caused by moxibustion, infrared therapy or haet therapy ;toxic hepatitis or kidney dysfunction induced by herbal medication ; progression of disease or missing of opportunity of timely transfer because of wrong diagnosis. It will prevent medical accidents to a great extent for korean medical doctors to have scientific diagnostic techniques and lab. test results at hand in korean medical institutions.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.459-470
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the nature of precocious puberty and to explore what it means in primary schools. Methods: The participants of this phenomenological study were nine primary school girls who were diagnosed with precocious puberty and experienced hormone therapeutics, applying a convenience sampling method. Data were collected from July 2017 to January 2018 through individual in-depth interviews of the participants, including gestures, facial expressions and nonverbal means. The data analysis followed the method of Giorgi. Results: The study identified 37 concepts, 12 clusters, and five themes from experiences of precocious puberty. The essential five themes were as follows: 'ashamed and concealing experience', 'there is no therapeutics option', 'difficulties in the process of therapeutics', 'difficulties in daily life', and 'ambivalence toward therapeutics'. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate physical, psychological and social difficulties faced by girls with precocious puberty. Based on this results of the study, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs focusing on healthy growth and development for children with precocious puberty.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.501-505
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• 2021

The pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal infection, by penetrating the nasal mucosa and migrating to the brain via the olfactory nerves. N. fowleri can induce host cell death via lytic necrosis. Similar to phosphorylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in various cell-signaling processes, including apoptosis and proliferation, with O-GlcNAc addition and removal regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. However, the detailed mechanism of host cell death induced by N. fowleri is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether N. fowleri can induce the modulation of O-GlcNAcylated proteins during cell death in Jurkat T cells. Co-incubation with live N. fowleri trophozoites increased DNA fragmentation. In addition, incubation with N. fowleri induced a dramatic reduction in O-GlcNAcylated protein levels in 30 min. Moreover, pretreatment of Jurkat T cells with the OGA inhibitor PUGNAc prevented N. fowleri-induced O-deGlcNAcylation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that O-deGlcNAcylation is an important signaling process that occurs during Jurkat T cell death induced by N. fowleri.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major urogenital infection in women. Lactobacilli are important in maintaining vaginal health. In the present study, the effect of heat adaptation at $47{\sim}52^{\circ}C$ prior to heat stress at $60^{\circ}C$ in improving the viability of Lactobacillus salivarius MG242 was examined. L. salivarius MG242 has antifungal effects against Candida albicans. Heat-adapted cells had a higher survival rate than non-adapted cells during the subsequent heat stress. When chloramphenicol was added during the adaptation process, heat tolerance was abolished, suggesting the involvement of de novo protein synthesis with the heat adaptation of L. salivarius MG242 strain. Exopolysaccharide quantification and scanning election microscopy did not reveal any appreciable changes during heat adaptation. The antifungal activity of L. salivarius MG242 against C. albicans was maintained during the heat adaptation. These results suggest that heat adaptation can be applied for the development of probiotic products using L. salivarius MG242 to improve its stress tolerance during processing.