• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1997

From December 1995 to July 1997, a total of 546 Korean indigenous goats were examined for the presence of internal parasites by parenchymal organs and fecal examinations. Four hundreds seventy eight(87.5%) of the goats were infected with 4 classes and 12 parasitic species. The nematodes were Haemonchus contortus(57.5%), Oesophagostomun venulosum (52.6%), Strongyloides papillosus(48.4%), Ostertagia sp(28.4%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis(17.0%), and Trichuris ovis(13.2%). The trematodes were Paramphistomum sp(17.6%), Fasciola hepatica(15.4%), and Eurytrema Pancreaticum (8.8%). The cestode was Moniezia expansa(16.7%), and the protozoa were Eimeria sp(74.9%) and Toxoplasma gondii(8.6%). The incidence of single or mixed infections among 12 parasitic species were one species infection (6.2%), 2 species(11.5%), 3 species(19.6%), 4 species(24.9%), 5 species(17.8%), 6 species(5.9 %), and 7 species(1.6), respectively. The level of infection according to the age was considerably higher under one year(97.2%) than between one and two years(89.7%), and over two years(69.3%) Among 12 parasites, seasonal pattern was remarkably observed. Most paracites were detected at the highest level in the Winter, whereas Strongyloides papillosus and Paramphistomum sp were in the Spring, and Ostertagia sp and Fasciola hepatica were in the Autumn. Infection rates of Anaplasma sp were 8.6% of 210 goats by blood smear method, and 51.0% by complement fixation test.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2023

In the past decade, experts have conducted parasitological research on archaeological specimens in Korea to collect historical parasite infection data. In these studies, parasitologists successfully described the infection pattern of each parasite species in history. However, in the first half of the 20th century, archaeoparasitological reports have been scant. In 2021, we conducted a parasitological examination of a toilet-like structure that emerged in the early 20th century. This structure was built by stacking 2 wooden barrels; and in the study samples, we found ancient Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides (unfertilized), and Taenia spp. eggs and therefore proposed a higher possibility that the barrels could have been used as a toilet at the time. To understand how the antihelminthic campaign since the 1960s helped reduce parasite infection rates in Korea, more research should focus on early-20th-century toilet ruins.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.597-603
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• 2001

In the mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV infection described in previous papers, the population under consideration is assumed to be homogeneous community of homosexual males for which the parameter x represents the constant rate at which individual members of the population acquire new sexual partners. This is a gross oversimplification since it is well known that individuals vary widely in their levels of sexual activity and in this papers the heterogeneous model is modified to allow for this variation. The pattern on the epidemic character of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, was analysed by heterogeneous-mixing model. The computer simulation was performed using real date.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1971

The incidence of empyema has been drastically reduced with the advent of antimicrobial drugs,however,there is still complicated and difficult problems of management of empyema remaining. During the period of December, 1958 to December, 1962, 90 patients nf empyema thoracis were managed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the National Medical Center, and this series deals with the incidence,etiologic consideration, bacteriology and management of empyema with its result. 1] Male predominates with the ratio of 3.1: 1, and peak age incidence lies in 3rd decade. 2] Most common etiologic factor is bronchorespiratory infection among which tuberculosis remains highest incidence. 3] 56.7% of patients shows positive result of bacteriologic study and about half of positive culture series shows mixed infection or changing pattern of bacteriological strains during serial examinations. 4] Complete cure is obtained in 84.4% of patients with 5 deaths.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8041-8045
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• 2016

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. During their life time the vast majority of women become infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), but interestingly only a small portion develop cervical cancer and in the remainder infection regresses to a normal healthy state. Beyond HPV status, associated molecular characterization of disease has to be established. However, initial work suggests the existence of several different molecular classes, based on the biological features of differentially expressed genes in each subtype. This suggests that additional risk factors play an important role in the outcome of infection. Host genomic factors play an important role in the outcome of such complex or multifactor diseases such as cervical cancer and are also known to regulate the rate of disease progression. The aim of this review was to compile advances in the field of host genomics of HPV positive and negative cervical cancer and their association with clinical response.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1993

Transformed hairy roots of Scopolia parviflora, producing tropane alkaloids and native to Korea, were obtained following infection of rhizome segments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Each root tip induced from inoculum sites excised and cultured in MS agar or liquid medium. About seventy of hairy root clones were established. Among them, several fast growing hairy root clones were examined for alkaliod content. Two dimensional TLC analysis showed that the tropane alkaloid pattern of hairy root was more complicated than that in the rhizome of mother plant. On the other hand, some hairy root clones did not produce scopolamine and hyoscyamine. In HPLC analysis, some hairy root clones yield higher levels of scopolamine and hyoscyamine than those of mother plant rhizome which used for infection. Scopolamine and hyoscyamine were identified by comparison of their retention times and of their spectra data with those of authentic compounds.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1998

1991년 1월부터 1997년 12월까지 제주도 넙치양식장의 감염어에서 발생한 세균성질병의 연도별 발생상황은 단독 감염질병에 있어서는 1997년에 243건(26.8%)으로 가장 높았고, 1993 년에 82건(9.1%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합 감염질병에 있어서는 1997년에 94건(28.1%)으로 가장 높았으며 1991년에 18건(5.4%)으로 가장 낮았다. 단독감염의 월별발생상황은 8월에 132건 (14.6%)으로 가장 높았고, 1월에 38건(4.2%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합감염의 월별발생상황은 월별차이는 별로 없었으나 11월과 12월에 각각 9건으로 가장 낮았다. 단독 감염의 세균 종류별 연도별 발생 상황은 비브리오증이 437건(48.2%)으로 가장 높았으며 활주세균증이 22건(2.4%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합 감염의 연도별 빌생 상황은 비브리오+활주세균증이 178건(53.1%)으로 가장 높았으며 에드와드+연쇄구균증이 28건(8.4%)으로 가장 낮았다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2011

월동 녹비작물 재배가 시설 토양과 무경운 유기재배 고추의 균근균 포자밀도 및 감염에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 월동 녹비작물 재배 토양의 기주작물별 균근균 활성 포자수는 대조구 보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 기주 작물별 균근균 활성 포자의 밀도는 보리와 완두콩이 호밀, 헤어리베치, 쇠별꽃 보다 높은 경향이었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양에 고추를 무경운 정식하여 재배한 토양의 AMF 포자 밀도는 대조구와 녹비작물 종류 간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 그리고 녹비작물 재배 토양의 AMF 밀도보다 후 작물로 고추를 재배한 토양의 AMF밀도는 감소되었으나, AMF 밀도의 균일도는 증가되었다. 한편 보리 녹비작물을 예취하여 제거한 토양의 AMF포자 밀도는 제거하지 않은 토양에 비하여 현저한 증가를 보였다. 녹비작물 재배 토양 균근균의 기주작물별 포자 형태와 크기는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 녹비작물 재배 후작물로 고추를 재배한 토양에서 분리된 AMF포자 형태와 크기도 동일하였다. 녹비 작물별로 뿌리의 내생 균근균 감염율이 쇠별꽃, 호밀과 헤어리베치는 낮은 경향이었으나, 보리 녹비의 감염율은 유의성 있게 높았다. 고추 뿌리 내의 AMF 감염율은 녹비작물의 종류에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나, 보리 녹비를 예취하여 제거한 처리의 감염율은 보리 녹비작물을 전량 토양에 투입한 처리 보다 높았다. 녹비작물 뿌리와 고추 뿌리의 내생 균근균의 주요 감염구조는 뿌리의 내부균사(Internal hyphae)로 균사간의 Network가 매우 발달되었다. 그리고 녹비작물과 고추 뿌리에서 Arbuscule이 형성되었으며, 근권 토양의 AMF포자밀도와 고추 뿌리 감염율의 상관관계도 파악할 수 없었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2012

Innate immune cells sense and respond to the cytoplasmic infection of bacterial pathogens through NLRP3, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome depending on the unique molecular pattern of invading pathogens. The infection of flagellin- or type III secretion system (T3SS)-containing Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) triggers NLRC4-dependent caspase-1 activation leading to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1-beta (IL-$1{\beta}$) and IL-18. Previous studies have shown that apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) is also required for Salmonella-induced caspase-1 activation, but it is still unclear how ASC contributes to the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in response to S. typhimurium infection. In this study, we demonstrate that S. typhimurium triggers the formation of ASC oligomer in a potassium depletion-independent manner as determined by in vitro crosslinking and in situ fluorescence imaging. Remarkably, inhibition of potassium efflux failed to block Salmonella-promoted caspase-1 activation and macrophage cell death. These results collectively suggest that ASC is substantially oligomerized to facilitate the activation of caspase-1 in response to S. typhimurium infection. Contrary to NLRP3 inflammasome, intracellular potassium depletion is not critical for NLRC4 inflammasome signaling by S. typhimurium.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2009

The occurrence of Laminarionema elsbetiae (Ectocarpaceae, Phaeophyceae), as epi-endophyte of Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta), described from Santa Isabel, Rawson, Argentina. L. elsbetiae grows in the host tissues forming epi-endophytic relationship in the epidermal, cortical and medullar layers. Epiphytic thalli of L. elsbetiae were unbranched filaments emerging from hostis surface. Reproductive structures of L. elsbetiae on the host were absent. On the contrary, free cultured individuals formed different reproductive structures. Macrozoosporangia containing a single large motile zoospore originated from vegetative cells, they were conical to cylindrical in shape, 30-50 ${\mu}m$ in length and 18-20 ${\mu}m$ in wide. Uniseriate plurilocular zoosporangia were cylindrical shape, 40 ${\mu}m$ in length and 10-13 ${\mu}m$ in wide. Sexual fusion was not seen. In mixed cultures of L. elsbetiae with R. pseudopalmata fronds, L. elsbetiae infected the host, grew as in natural host and, formed macrosporangia between host subcortical cells. Gametophytes of L. elsbetiae were filaments with diffuse growth, branched with a branch pattern alternate or opposite. Gametangia were plurilocular, uni or biseriate and lateral. When mature they contained 2 to 6 isogametes. The presence L. elsbetiae on R. pseudopalmata could be defined as an epi-endophytic relationship. The percentage of infection of R. pseudopalmata thalli by L. elsbetiae was 34%.A25% of the infected thalli presented a low, non-symptomatic level infection, whereas a 62% and a 13% of them exhibited respectively moderate and high indexes of infection.