• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric nurses' attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions in the prevention of hospital infections by enhancing their practice of standard precautions. Methods: The participants were 206 nurses who worked in pediatric nursing departments of a general medical institution in Seoul. The questionnaire was a modification of Kim (2008) and consisted of 18 questions about hand washing, personal protective equipment, sharps, linen and patient care equipment. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0 WIN. Results: Mean scores for attitudes to standard precautions and for compliance with standard precautions were 4.43 (${\pm}0.83$) and 4.22 (${\pm}0.44$) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.368, p=.001). The nurses' compliance with standard precautions differed significantly according to the general characteristics of age (F=8.705, p<.001), total clinical experience (F=9.426, p<.001), current department experience (F=6.555, p<.001), and education experience (t=0.616, p<.043). There was a positive correlation between attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions (r=.156, p=.025). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that educational programs and policy on infection control and standard precautions for pediatric nurses are needed. Also these results should contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate clinical policy on infection control.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

본 연구는 병원간호사의 의료관련감염 관리지침 수행에 관한 영향요인 간 상호 인과관계를 검증함으로써 수행 증진을 위한 전략을 제시하고자 시도된 융합연구이다. 연구 대상자는 국내 16개 상급종합병원 및 종합병원에서 모집된 388명의 병원간호사이다. 자료수집은 자가보고식 질문지를 이용하여 수집되었고, SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석되었다. 연구결과, 모형 적합도는 ${\chi}^2=99.64$ (df=14, p<.01), GFI=.94, RMSEA=.10, NFI=.84, CFI=.90이였다. 의도에 대한 예측요인의 설명력은 23.8%였으며, 행위에 대한 예측요인의 설명력은 17.7%였다. 이상의 결과로 의료관련감염 관리지침 수행을 설명하는데 계획된 행위이론이 적절한 이론임을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 경력에 따른 다층모형검정과 사회적 특성이 강한 행위에 대한 조직차원의 영향요인을 포함한 반복 연구가 필요하다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2022

본 연구는 COVID-19 유행상황에서 간호대학생의 윤리적 의사결정, 도덕적 민감성 및 감염관리 수행도와의 관계를 파악하여 간호대학생의 감염관리 수행도를 높이기 위한 중재방법의 기초자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 간호대학생 3,4학년을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 일반적 특성, 전공 관련 특성, 윤리적 의사결정, 도덕적 민감성 및 수행도를 조사하였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, Indepentent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Stepwise Multiple regression anlaysis를 하였다. 본 연구결과 COVID-19 감염관리 수행도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 윤리적 의사결정에서 선행의 원칙, 도덕적 민감성에서 갈등과 환자중심간호로 나타났다. 앞으로 신종감염병이 출현할 가능성이 높은 상황에서 예비의료인인 간호대학생의 감염관리 수행도를 향상시키기 위해서는 환자중심의 간호윤리를 강화할 수 있는 실무중심의 융복합적인 교육프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2017

Schistosoma mansoni is highly endemic in Tanzania and affects all age groups at different degrees. However, its control approach does not include adult individuals who are equally at risk and infected. To justify the inclusion of adult individuals in MDA programs in Tanzania, the present study focused on determining the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities among adult individuals. This was a cross sectional study conducted among 412 adult individuals aged 18-89 years living in selected villages of Rorya and Butiama districts located along the shoreline of the Lake Victoria. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and socio-economic information of participants. Ultrasonographic examinations were conducted for all study participants using the Niamey protocol. A single stool sample was obtained from all study participants and examined for S. mansoni using the Kato-Katz technique. The study revealed a high prevalence of S. mansoni (56.3%), and the majority of infected individuals had a light intensity of infection. Ultrasonographic findings revealed that 22.4% of adult individuals had periportal fibrosis (PPF) (grade C-F), with 18.4% having grade C and D and 4% having grade E and F. Males had the highest prevalence of PPF (31.7% vs 10.8%, P<0.001). Organomegaly was common with 28.5% and 29.6% having splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, respectively. S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities included PPF, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were common among adult individuals. To reduce the level of transmission of S. mansoni infection, planned mass drug administration campaigns should include adult individuals living in these villages.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2015

Although researches have highlighted the important role of enhanced farm biosecurity to reduce the severity and prevalence of diseases in livestock, to date there has been little study in Korea on farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. To mitigate the risk of PRRSV infection in pigs, the risk factors by which PRRSV is introduced in pig farms must be determined. The primary aim of this study was to investigate pig producers' perceptions about on-farm biosecurity practices. We also analyzed data obtained from a cross-sectional study on 196 farrow-to-finish farms conducted between March 2013 and February 2014 to identify risk factors for PRRSV infection at farm level. Standardized questionnaires with information about basic demographical data and management practices were collected in each farm by on-site visit of trained veterinarians. Farms were classified as negative or positive through the use of infection profiles that combined data on PCR positive pigs and serological testing including antibody titer, sero-conversion pattern at each age category, and vaccination status. Data on biosecurity practices, farm management and environmental characteristics were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Generally, the biosecurity level in the pig farms included in this study were insufficient to reduce/prevent the risk of PRRSV infection given the high pig density areas and the considerable extent of vehicle movement. Factors associated with PRRSV infection were those where owners used on-farm vaccination programs had a lower risk of infection (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.61). The results from the analysis may guide to tailor biosecurity measures in the reduction or prevention of PRRS to the specific circumstances of pig farms in different localities of the world. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to report information on the biosecurity practices currently implemented on Korean pig farms.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2020

Soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium affect more than 3 billion people globally and mainly occur in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study assessed the overall infection status of a 1716-student cohort of schoolchildren in Zanzibar and applied mass drug administration (MDA) to the cohort from 2007 to 2009. Schools in Pemba, Zanzibar, had a much higher prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections than those in Unguja, and the Chaani, Ghana, and Machui schools of Unguja exhibited high S. haematobium infection rates. The MDA program only partially controlled parasite infections, owing to high rates of re-infection. The infection rate of S. haematobium across all 10 schools, for example, was only reduced by 1.8%, and even this change not significant, even though the S. haematobium infection rates of the Chaani and Mzambarauni schools were significantly reduced from 64.4 and 23.4%, respectively, at the first screening, to 7.3 and 2.3% at the last screening. The overall infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was reduced from 36.0% at the first screening to 22.6% at the last screening. However, the infection rates for both Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were generally unaffected by MDA. In the future, parasite control programs should involve strategically designed MDA schedules and holistic intervention (e.g., sanitation improvement, hygiene behavior changes, and control of intermediated hosts).

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.857-866
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 요양병원 종사자를 대상으로 한 감염관리 수행도 관련요인을 파악하고, 각 요인별 효과크기를 산출하기 위해 실시한 메타분석 연구이다. 대상 문헌은 KMBASE, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System(KISS), DataBase Periodical Information Academic(DBpia), National Library of Korea, Pubmed, EMBASE가 이용되었고, R3.5.1을 이용하여 분석하였다. 총 22개의 관련요인 중 사례수가 3개 이상 관련요인을 메타분석 한 결과, 그 효과크기가 성별(.16), 연령(.30), 학력(.32), 병상수(.28), 감염관리 교육필요성(.44), 감염관리 교육경험(.25), 감염관리 인지(지식)(.70)으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 요양병원 종사자의 감염관리 수행을 향상시키기 위한 프로그램 개발 및 적용에 근거자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2009

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has plagued pig populations worldwide causing severe economical impacts. In order to establish effective strategies for prevention of PRRS, infection patterns on the herd level are primarily evaluated. In the present study, therefore, serological and virological analyses were conducted in 20 pig farms suffering from PRRS. Seroprevalence levels in each farm were grouped into 3 patterns: SN (Stable sow groups/Not infected piglet groups, SI (Stable sow groups and Infected piglet groups), and UI (Unstable sow groups and Infected piglet groups). The rates of each serological pattern were 15% (n=3), 10% (n=2), and 75% (n=15), respectively. In addition, the pattern analysis was extended to virological monitoring on the same farms that further included suckling pig groups. As a result, the infection pattern was classified into 4 categories: SNI (Stable sow groups/Not infected suckler groups/Infected piglet groups), SII (Stable sow groups/Infected suckler groups/Infected piglet groups), UNI (Unstable sow groups/Not infected suckler groups/Infected piglet groups), and UII (Unstable sow groups/Infected suckler groups/Infected piglet groups). The rates of each viroprevalence were estimated at 50% (n=10), 30% (n=6), 10% (n=2), and 10% (n=2), respectively. PRRSV viroprevalence results of suckling pig groups revealed that 8 farms were considered virus positive. In 2 farms among these farms, PRRSV appeared to be transmitted vertically to suckling piglets from their sows. In contrast, piglet-to-piglet horizontal transmission of PRRSV seemed to occur in sucking herds of the remaining farms. Thus, this virological analysis on suckling piglets will provide useful information to understand PRRSV transmission routes during the suckling period and to improve a PRRS control programs. Our seroprevalence and viroprevalence data found that infection patterns between sow and piglet groups are not always coincident in the same farm. Remarkably, 15 farms belonging to the UI seroprevalence pattern showed four distinct viroprevalence patterns (SNI; 7, SII; 4, UNI; 2 and UII; 2). Among these farms, 11 farms with unstable seroprevalence sow groups were further identified as the stable viroprevalence pattern. These results indicated that despite the absence of typical seroconversion, PRRSV infection was detected in several farms, implying the limitation of serological analysis. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that both seroprevalence and viroprevalence should be determined in parallel so that a PRRS control strategies can be efficiently developed on a farm level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6175-6179
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• 2012

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still important to the health of Thai rural residents. IPIs are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among Northeastern Thai rural residents, recruited into the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (KKCS), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for developing CCA. On recruitment, subjects had completed questionnaires and provided fecal samples for IPI testing using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Data on selected general characteristics and the results of the fecal tests were analysed. IPI test results were available for 18,900 of cohort subjects, and 38.50% were found to be positive for one or more types of intestinal parasite. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection was the highest (45.7%), followed by intestinal flukes (31.9%), intestinal nematodes (17.7%), intestinal protozoa (3.02%), and intestinal cestodes (1.69%). The pattern of different infections was similar in all age groups. According to a mapping analysis, a higher CCA burden was correlated with a higher prevalence of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes and a greater intensity of O. viverrini. Both prevention and control programs against liver fluke and other intestinal parasites are needed and should be delivered simultaneously. We can anticipate that the design of future control and prevention programmes will accommodate a more community-orientated and participatory approach.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2014

본 연구는 치과위생사의 감염예방 실천도를 분석하고자 2014년 1월 15일부터 2월 25일까지 광주광역시와 전남지역의 치과병 의원에 근무하는 치과의료기관 종사자를 대상으로 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 선정하였으며 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 일반적 특성과 직업적 특성에 따른 감염예방 실천은 근무처가 대학병원 및 치과병원인 경우, 건강검진을 받은 경우 실천도가 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 감염사고실태에 따른 감염예방 실천은 진료 전 문진을 시행하는 경우, 감염성 질환자 진료 시 별도의 개인방호 장비를 착용하는 경우, 감염성 환자 진료 후 진료복을 매회 세탁하는 경우에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 감염관리에 대한 교육이 필요하다고 응답한 경우, 감염관리에 대한 이론 및 시술법에 대한 교육 경험이 있는 경우, 감염관리에 대한 교육시행 시 참여 의향이 있는 경우에 실천도가 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 감염관리에 대한 이론 및 시술법 교육경험과 교육 후 인식변화는 치과의원보다 치과병원이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며 근무처에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 감염예방 실천에 영향을 미친 요인은 감염관리 교육 필요여부, 감염성 환자 진료 후 진료복 세탁 여부, 근무처로 나타났다. 감염관리 교육이 필요하다고 생각하는 경우, 감염성환자 진료 후 진료복을 세탁하는 경우가 감염예방 실천을 잘하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 치과의원이 치과병원보다 실천이 낮았으며 설명력은 15.8%였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 치과진료 감염예방을 위해 치과의료 기관 종사자들에게 지속적인 교육 프로그램이 제공되어 감염예방 실천으로 이어지도록 노력해야 할 것으로 생각된다.