• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of work intensity on fit factor and affective quality of the dustproof Background: Among the victims who suffer pneumoconiosis due to the inhalation of toxic substances or the lack of oxygen during the work, the proportion of the victims is larger than the other causes. Wearing a respirator may prevent pneumoconiosis, but it can be hazardous to workers because of the leakage through filters, cartridges, exhaust valves, broken parts, and face-to-face contact. Despite leakage through the contact area between the mask and the face has various causes such as the wearer's activity, sweat accumulation, facial shape, etc., There is a lack of relevant research and regulation compared to developed countries that have already institutionalized the law 30 years ago and give the right to sell through a test Method: The work intensity was adjusted by walking or running at 6km/h and 11km/h on the treadmill, and tasks were defined with reference to the test procedure and the exercise sequence applied in the face leakage test of the dustproof mask. And fit factor was measured objectively using 'Respirator Fit Tester 8038' which measures fit factor calculated by dividing the number of dust present outside the mask by inside the mask. In addition, affective quality was classified by the ease of use, ease of breathing, and ease of wearing, and was measured using the 5-point likert scale questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference in fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience according to work intensity and no significant difference in ease of use(${\alpha}=0.01$). And when the work intensity was high, fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience were all lower than when the work intensity was low. Conclusion: In Korea, it is necessary to consider consideration of the work intensity when testing the leakage rate of the face part for safety certification of the respiratory protective equipment, When developing a mask, it should be possible to maintain high adhesion even under intense, active situation and high temperature conditions by selecting materials, improving the wearing style, and expanding the adjustable range.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.679-692
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• 2006

The carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere belong to one of the regulatory pollutants for the malodor control designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment(KMOE). In the present study, the emission concentration levels of carbonyl compounds were measured along with a number of criteria odor pollutants from a total of 47 individual companies(June 2004 to January 2005). The results of our study showed that a number of carbonyl compounds(such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and butyraldehyde) maintained significantly high mean concentrations of 298 to 372 ppb. In contrast, other carbonyl compounds were low enough with the mean valves of 0.54 to 19.1 ppb. It was found that except for such industries as metal production or leather processing, their emissions were generally quite significant. If the measured values were evaluated in terms of malodor intensity, butyraldehyde appeared to be the most significant contributor to the malodor release. According to the measurements made in strong source areas, it can be concluded that several carbonyl compounds(acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, and valeraldehyde) are useful enough to diagnose malodor release from those source areas. It should also be addressed that a number of carbonyl compounds added newly as the result of malodor control legislation were not sensitive enough to diagnose malodor release from such sources.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.613-622
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• 2001

Interaction of blood flow and leaflet behavior in a bileaflet mechanical heart valve was investigated using computational analysis. Blood flows of a Newtonian fluid and a non-Newtonian fluid with Carreau model were modeled as pulsatile, laminar, and incompressible. A finite volume computational fluid dynamics code and a finite element structure dynamics code were used concurrently to solve the flow and structure equations, respectively, where the two equations were strongly coupled. Physiologic ventricular and aortic pressure waveforms were used as flow boundary conditions. Flow fields, leaflet behaviors, and shear stresses with time were obtained for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid cases. At the fully opened phase three jets through the leaflets were found and large vortices were present in the sinus area. At the very final stage of the closing phase, the angular velocity of the leaflet was enormously large. Large shear stress was found on leaflet tips and in the orifice region between two leaflets at the final stage of closing phase. This method using fluid-structure interaction turned out to be a useful tool to analyze the different designs of existing and future bileaflet valves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 1997

Ti alloys, with the advantageous tensile strength/density ratio and the chemical stability, have been used widely in the aerospace and chemical engineering industries and their usages are still expanding in various industrial areas. In the automotive industry, because of their superior merits of weight reduction and fuel saving, Ti alloys are expected to be used as various part materials including connecting rods, engine valves, springs and retainers, which are all subjected to the fatigue loads. In this study, using Ti-3A1-2.5V, the effects of temperature and microstructure change on fatigue crack propagation has been investigated. Five different microstructures were tested at the temperatures of room temperature, 20$0^{\circ}C$, 30$0^{\circ}C$ and 40$0^{\circ}C$ under the same frequency 20Hz. Some of the conclusions obtained are as follows: (1)Microstructurally, the morphology of less $\alpha$-phase and finer lamellar structure of $\alpha$ and $\beta$-Ti showed better registance to the fatigue crack propagation. (2)Fatigue crack growth rate increased with test temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2011

The automatic radiopharmaceutical module consists of several 2-way valves, couple of syringes, gas supply unit, heating(cooling) unit and sensors to control the chemical reagents as well as to help the chemical reaction. In order to control the actuators of radiopharmaceutical module, the process is tabulated using spread sheet as like excel. Unlike the common program, a trivial error is too critical to allowed in the process because the error can lead to leak the radioactive reagent and to cause the synthesis equipment failure during synthesizing. Hence, the synthesis process has been validated using graphic simulation while the operator checks the whole process visually and undergoes trial and error. The verification of the synthesis process takes a long time and has a difficulty in finding the error. This study presents a methodology to verify the process algebraically while the radiopharmaceutical module is converted to the network model. The proposed method is validated using actual synthesis process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.54-59
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• 2014

The record type receivers that are operated in large industrial sites have strength in preventing fire. However, because of its long circuit lines and multiple detectors, the receivers are vulnerable to lightning, noise, and breakdown of equipments, resulting in malfunction. In case of malfunctioning of detection circuits of main protection areas, such as electrical room and server room, potential release of gaseous extinguisher agents may lead to property and life damage. In this paper, we present the results on the characteristics of the transponder that initiates the solenoid valves, with respect to various electromagnetic and lightning inflow conditions. Based on the measured data, we analyzed the systematic problems of the transponder. In order to prevent receiver malfunctions, a sequential circuit was configured with two additional transponders and a timer. The circuit was tested with a simulator with preference and delay circuit algorithms.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.13-18
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• 2015

This study has been performed to evaluate the safety of the retainer-type ball valve for a high-pressure pipeline to a district heating plant. The retainer-type ball valve is an improved design for conventional ball valves, such as the floating ball valve and the trunnion ball valve. Numerical analysis of the valve design verification has been applied to investigate the safety factor and seat leakage of the DN300 and DN400 sizes. The given condition to solve the structural analysis was based on the international standard for ISO 5208. In this study, the methods for structural analysis are described in detail. The structural analysis results present the deformations, the equivalent stresses, and the safety factors. Through these results, this study successfully demonstrates the safety and seat leakage of the retainer-type ball valve. They also streamline the process of development for valve manufacturing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.113-124
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• 1990

Tap lines are small branch piping generally less than two inches in diameter. They typically branch off of header piping having a much larger diameter. An example of a common tap line is a 3/4 inch size high point vent or low point drain. Most tap lines have at least one valve near the header tap connection to provide isolation. Two valves are often required for double isolation. A light water reactor(LWR) nuclear power plant will have several hundred tap lines. These lines come in many sizes and shapes and serve numerous functions. A single process piping valve may have three different tap lines associated with it (figure 1). Table 1 delineates the different categories of tap lines. Vibration failures of tap lines are a common occurrence in all industrial plants including nuclear and fossil power plants. These types of failures constitute a significant percentage of all piping related failures. An unscheduled plant shutdown or outage resulting from the failure of a tap line decreases plant reliability and may have a detrimental effect on plant safety. Most tap line vibration failures can be avoided through the use of appropriate routing and support techniques. Standardized designs can be developed for use in a myriad of applications. These designs will not only minimize failures but will also reduce the necessary analysis and installation efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

Most plants producing semiconductors use a lot of chemicals, hazardous materials, and explosive gases. Though those materials are hazardous too much, some works still have to be done manually by human workers. However, according to a historical survey, more than half industrial accidents of those plants resulted from human errors or malfunctions. Thus, this research aimed 1) to diagnose shifting hazardous materials of semiconductor plants, 2) to estimate failure probability of human workers through human reliability analysis, and 3) to find out the tasks on which educational emphasis should be put. Through personal interview and visiting working spots, shifting tasks were analyzed, and modelled into a 24-step work, and after that, THERP and ETA was applied. During the shifting work, estimated human failure probability under the assumption of independency, 2.3004E-05, underestimated that probability 8. l008E-05 which could be calculated under the assumption of dependency. And this analysis showed that gas leakage from an old cylinder occupies 78.27% in the case of independent failures whereas gas leakage from a new cylinder occupies 75.06% in the case of dependent failures. So it was concluded that dependency assumption may gloss real situations. In addition, confirming gauge of regulators and closing valves turned out to be the most important tasks than purge tasks.