• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2007

In this study, the researcher tried to present the groundwork to prepare the oriental medical yangseng plan for the future obesity with the comparison between yangseng level and the obesity of workers. The researcher made up the questionnaire which asks the general character, health-related character and yangseng level, projected among 560 people. All collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test and ANOVA. 1. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.90, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.31, sex life yangseng 3.30, exercise yangseng 3.15, activities and rest yangseng 3.08, diet yangseng 2.94, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. 2. In the aspect of yangseng level: Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yangseng levels. 3. Obesity related index is changing into the higher level when he/she is older, more paid, more job experience, more education background but less metabolic calory. And drinking and regular exercising have relativity with body composition analysis. 4. After comparing yangseng level with body composition analysis, we can easily find that the more visceral fat, the higher WHR has a high yangseng level. The more mineral also has a high mind yangseng and a low diet yangseng. The visceral fat level has a high yangseng level when higher morality yangseng and mind yangseng are getting higher and higher. And sex life yangseng shows that the highest yangseng level is from 9-10 visceral fat and the lowest yangseng level is from below 4 visceral fat. The higher WHR, the higher morality, mind and sleep yangseng. The heavier, the lower diet yangseng. The mind yangseng was very high when body fat rate was higher. The more body fat, the higher morality yangseng. The higher yangseng, when we have more muscle. Yangseng level and obesity of laborer has a close relationship with individual character and daily habits. Also, relevance can be easily found between yangseng level and obesity. Now the researcher came into the conclusion that we need to control over laborers' health and prevention of their obesity.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.76-93
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 데이컴(DACUM) 직무 분석기법을 활용하여 특성화고 산학협력 부장 교사의 직무를 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 내용은 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 직무를 구성하는 임무와 작업을 도출하여 순서를 매긴 후, 작업별 중요도, 난이도, 수행 빈도를 정하고 입직 초기에 갖추어야 할 핵심 능력인지의 여부를 구분하여 제시하는 것이다. 최종적으로 직무분석 결과를 토대로 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 데이컴 차트를 개발하였다. 데이컴 직무분석을 위한 워크숍은 Level-I 자격증을 소지한 데이컴 분석가 1명, 5년 이상 경력을 가진 데이컴 위원 8명, 서기 1명, 실무자 1명으로 구성하여 이틀동안 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사란 특성화고 산업수요 맞춤형고 등에서 취업진로지도, NCS 기반 현장실습운영, 산학관관계구축, 대외사업운영, 산학협력행정업무, 담당교과교수 등을 수행하는 보직교사로 정의하였다. 둘째, 산학협력부장 교사의 직무 영역은 7개의 임무(duties)와 80개의 작업(tasks)이 도출되었다. 산학협력부장 교사의 7개 임무는 '취업 진로 지도', 'NCS 기반 현장 실습 운영', '산학관 관계 구축', '대외 사업 운영', '산학 협력 행정 업무', '담당 교과 교수활동', '자기계발'이다. 이들 임무 중 가장 많은 작업은 '담당 교과 교수활동'으로 17개의 작업이 확인되었다. 셋째, 각 작업마다 중요도, 난이도 및 수행 빈도를 정도에 따라 각각 높음(A), 보통(B), 낮음(C)으로 구분하고, 전문가들의 합의를 통해 입직 초기에 갖추어야 할 핵심 능력인지의 여부를 구분하였다. 넷째, 직무 분석 결과를 토대로 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 데이컴 직무분석 차트를 제시하였다. 또한 산학협력부장 교사의 직무에 종사하면서 필요한 일반 지식과 능력, 사용되는 공구, 기계, 자재 및 소모품의 목록을 도출하고, 작업자의 태도와 산학협력부장 교사의 장래 전망과 특성을 제시하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2017

This study dealt with the characteristics and the interrelations of hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and effective porosity of unconsolidated sediments for providing the basic data necessary for the planning of the management and preservation of groundwater quality in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea. Groundwater quality in this area has been deteriorated due to seawater intrusion, agricultural fertilizer and pesticide, industrial wastewater, and contaminated river water. The physical properties (grain size distribution, sediment type, sorting) and aquifer parameters (hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, longitudinal dispersivity) were determined from grain size analysis, laboratory permeability test and column tracer test. Among 36 samples, there were 18 Sand (S), 7 Gravelly Sand (gS), 5 Silty Sand (zS), 5 Muddy Sand (mS), and 1 Sandy Silt (sZ). Hydraulic conductivity was determined through a falling head test, and ranged from $9.2{\times}10^{-5}$ to $2.9{\times}10^{-2}cm/sec$ (0.08 to 25.6 m/day). From breakthrough curves, dispersivity was calculated to be 0.35~3.92 cm. Also, effective porosity and average linear velocity were obtained through the column tracer test, and their values were 0.04~0.46 and 1.06E-04~6.49E-02 cm/sec, respectively. Statistical methods were used to understand the interrelations among aquifer parameters of hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity and dispersivity. The relation between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity considered the sample length, because dispersivity was affected by experimental scale. The relations between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity were all in inverse proportion for all long and short samples. The reason was because dispersivity was in inverse proportion to the groundwater velocity in case of steady hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and groundwater velocity was in proportion to the hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity. This study also elucidated that longitudinal dispersivity was dependent on the scale of column tracer test, and all hydrogeological parameters were low to high values due to the sand quantity of sediments. It is expected that the hydrogeological parameter data of sediments will be very useful for the planning of groundwater management and preservation in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of foreign life insurance consultants focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Regarding job security, in general foreign life insurance companies in Korea have more severe working conditions in terms of required contract performance. For foreign life insurance consultants, they are assumed to need higher level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy to meet the conditions. In this study, focus is cast on these aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Basically the research is conducted upon questionnaires responded by foreign life insurance consultants. That is, data are collected from 255 sample of insurance consultants who work for a foreign owned life insurance company. The Questionnaire measure the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of insurance consultants. The data are analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Durbin-Watson test. Results - The general characteristics of respondents are gender, age, marital status, education level, income monthly, career length, change jobs no, working day per week, call no. per week, meeting no. with client per week, contract regularity, contract no. per month and cancellation contract per year. The mean of emotional intelligence is 2.63, self-efficacy is 3.44 and job stress is 2.20. Emotional intelligence is composed with mean value of self emotion appraisal(3.93), other's emotion appraisal(3.78), regulation of emotion(3.29) and use of emotion(3.52). The mean of self efficacy is composed with mean value of self-confidence(3.41), self-regulated efficacy(3.59) and preference task difficulty(3.30). The job stress is composed with mean value of job requirement(2.61), lack of job autonomy(1.99), conflict of personal relations(1.99), job instability(2.38), organizational system(2.19) and inappropriate compensation(2.07). There is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significantly negative correlation with job stress. The self-efficacy is showed a mediating variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusions - To decrease job stress level, foreign life insurance company should find the factors to improve the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of life insurance consultants, and develop appropriate plans using a mediating role of self- efficacy between emotional intelligence and job stress.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2006

We evaluated the relations among exposure and urinary levels of Cr, folate, vitamin $B_{12}$ and Hcy levels in the workers chronically exposure to Cr. Subjects were 104 male employees, 65 workers exposed to Cr in 9 electroplating plants and 39 office workers who had never been occupationally exposed to hazardous substances including Cr. The geometric mean(GM) of Cr in workplace was $0.069{\pm}0.101mg/m^3$ and urinary Cr was $0.483{\pm}0.394mg/g$ creatinine and airborne Cr concentration was significantly correlated to the urinary concentration of Cr(r=0.900, p=0.000). The geometric mean concentration of urinary Cr in control group was $0.301{\pm}0.255mg/g$ creatinine. In comparing the workers exposed to Cr with controls, significantly higher mean plasma levels were found of Hcy($11.3{\pm}4.9$ vs $9.4{\pm}4.7{\mu}mol/{\ell}$, p=0.05), but vitamin $B_{12}$ levels ($181.8{\pm}68.7$ vs $216.0{\pm}64.3nmol/{\ell}$, p=0.01) was significantly decreased. Hcy concentrations correlated positively with airborne Cr concentrations(r=0.287, p=0.004) and urinary Cr concentrations(r=0.244, p=0.015) but folate concentrations correlated negatively with airborne(r=-0.234, p=0.020) and urinary Cr concentrations(r=-0.640, p=0.090), respectively. No correlations were observed between vitamin $B_{12}$, airborne and urinary Cr concentrations. Also, Hcy concentrations correlated positively with vitamin $B_{12}$(r=0.295, p=0.0020 and negatively with folate concentrations(r=-0.196, p=0.046). The various biological(i.e. age and serum indicates) or lifestyle factors(i.e. medication, smoking, alcohol and coffee intake), also taken into account as potential confounders, did not influence the correlations found. Thus, this study found evidence that Cr might be associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy. Furthermore, elevated plasma levels of Hcy were significantly associated with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to assess the level of fungi concentration in the university laboratories in Seoul, Korea, and to investigate factors contributing to these concentrations. The samples were taken from three spots in each laboratory; the top of sink, the center of laboratory, and the front of ventilation system, i.e fume hood at the chemical laboratory and clean bench/biosafety cabinet at the microbial laboratory. Air samples were collected using the single-stage Anderson sampler (Quick Take 30) at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min for 5 min on nutrient media in Petri-dishes located on the impactor. Fifty-two air samples were collected from 19 different laboratories (13 microbiology laboratories, 6 chemistry laboratories) in the university, and concentrations of airborne fungi showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between microbiology and chemistry laboratory, and also no significant difference at three locations (sink, center, front of ventilation system) in microbiology and chemistry laboratories. Average concentrations of fungi in 19 laboratories ranged from 7 to 459 cfu/$m^3$, with an overall Geometric Mean of 52 cfu/$m^3$. Airborne fungi concentrations of 6 samples (12 %) exceeded 150 cfu/$m^3$, the guideline of WHO. The ratios of Indoor/Outdoor for airborne fungi ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 (mean = 1.6). Related factors were measured such as relative humidity, temperature, and laboratory area. Temperature and laboratory area showed no significant relations to concentrations of airborne fungi except for relative humidity in the laboratory Concentrations of fungi were significant different (p<0.01) between rainy or cloudy and sunny. However, there was no significant difference between general ventilation and nongeneral ventilation.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2012

아프리카에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 선진국을 중심으로 자원개발, 경제협력 등의 다양한 목적으로 아프리카에 진출하고 있다. 자원을 향한 선진국의 움직임은 새로운 물류시장을 형성하고 있다. 현재 중남미 대양주 아프리카 지역은 자원개발과 국제물류의 새로운 메카로 떠오르고 있다. 막대한 사회간접 시설에 대한 투자, 물류SOC에 대한 투자를 통해 아프리카를 선점하고 있는 선진국의 움직임은 우리나라 물류기업에게 새로운 기회를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 아프리카, 특히 북아프리카 지역에 진출하기 위한 물류기업의 진출전략을 제시하고자 한다. 연구의 방법은 관련기업을 대상으로 설문연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과 진입시기, 진입방법, 지리적 시장범위, 정부관계 측면에서 물류기업의 진출전략을 제시할 수 있다. 진입시기에 있어서는 진입시기의 결정이 중요하다. 진입시기가 빠를수록 경쟁력은 높아진다. 진입방법에 있어서 전략적 제휴방식이 효과적이다. 지리적 시장범위는 아프리카 지역의 물류인프라가 발달하지 못한 상황에서 중요성이 높은 요인으로 분석되었다. 정부간 관계는 기업활동에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아프리카 지역은 정부의 시장개입이 크다는 것을 인식해야 한다.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-75
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 선행의 연구 고찰을 통해 조직시민행동에 영향을 미치는 변수들과의 관계 규명을 통해 공정성과 조직지원인식 및 조직몰입을 변수로 하여 구조모델과 가설을 설정하고 이를 영리조직과 비영리조직의 표본조사를 통해 실증분석과 비교분석을 시도하였다. 연구 분석 결과 영리조직에 있어서는 조직지원인식에 대해 분배공정성과 절차공정성은 조직지원인식에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 몰입에 대해서는 절차공정성을 제외한 분배공정성과 조직지원인식이 정서적 몰입에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치고 있고, 지속적 몰입에 대해서는 분배공정성, 절차공정성, 조직지원인식 모두 무의미한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 조직시민행동에 대해서는 분배공정성과 조직지원인식을 제외한 절차공정성과 정서적 몰입 및 지속적 몰입이 조직시민행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 비영리조직의 분석 결과에 있어서는 조직지원인식에 대해 절차공정성은 무의미하고, 분배공정성은 조직지원인식에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 몰입에 대해서는 절차공정성을 제외한 분배공정성과 조직지원인식이 정서적 몰입에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치고 있고, 지속적 몰입에 대해서 절차공정성과 조직지원인식은 무의미하나 분배공정성에 있어서는 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 조직시민행동에 대해서는 분배공정성, 절차공정성, 조직지원인식은 무의미하며 정서적 몰입과 지속적 몰입은 조직시민행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 조직구성원들로 하여금 주어진 역할 외에 자발적으로 조직을 위해 조직시민행동을 이끌어 내기 위해서는 조직이 조직구성원의 호의, 따뜻함, 다정함, 행복감, 유쾌함, 충성심 등의 감정을 통하여 조직에 대해 개인적으로 느끼는 심리적 애착을 높여주는 것이 중요하다는 사실을 시사하고 있다. 특히 영리조직에 있어서는 각종 공식적인 절차가 공정하다는 것을 구성원에게 몸소 보여 주는 행동이 필요하다는 점을 시사한다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

한국의 사회적 협동조합은 2012년에 법으로 제정되었다. 하지만, 아직까지도 정착되는 과정에 있으며 제도적으로나 개념적으로 확립되지 못한 부분이 있어 사회적 협동조합이 실패하는 경우가 많다. 이러한 실패를 좀 더 줄이고자 본 연구는 협동조합과 사회적 협동조합의 차이점과 특성, 개념을 파악하여 한국의 사회적 협동조합에 도움을 주는데 목적이 있다. 문헌연구를 바탕으로 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내의 사회적 협동조합이 지속가능하기 위해서는 협동조합의 7원칙을 준수해야 한다. 특히, 제6원칙에서 사회적 협동조합의 연합회를 활성화하고 지역의 협동조합 간 소통을 통해서 경영지원 정보와 교육, 홍보, 전략 등을 공유함으로써 실패하는 확률을 낮춰야 할 필요성이 있다. 둘째, 사회적 협동조합의 판로지원을 위해 정부차원뿐만 아니라 일반기업에게도 적용될 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 사회적 협동조합의 활성화를 위해 정부와 민간의 관련정책이 통합적으로 설계되고 관리되어야 한다. 넷째, 사회적 인식개선을 위해 사회적 협동조합의 의미가 공익에 목적이 있음을 알리는 캠페인을 통해서 대중에게 홍보를 해야 하며, 정부는 사회적 협동조합을 육성할 수 있는 정책전문가 육성 시스템을 구축하는 것이 반드시 필요하다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해서 한국의 사회적 협동조합의 지속가능한 방법과 정부의 지원책 등을 제시함으로써 사회적 협동조합에게는 내부적인 방법을 제시하고 정부에게는 지원책에 관한 것을 제시하였다는데 큰 의미가 있다.