• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Objective : Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a disease that caused gastric acid reflux and inflammation due to unstable gastroesophageal sphincter, as increasing worldwide respectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Evodiae Fructus (EF) extract on chronic reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods : The EF was measured antioxidant activity, such as total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-enzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Rats were divided into 3 groups; Nor (normal group), Con (chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats treatment with water), EF (chronic acid reflux esophagitis rat treatment with EF 200 mg/kg body weight group). A surgically-induced chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE) model was established in SD rats, and treated with water or EF 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Results : Administration of EF to rats of induction of chronic acid reflux esophagitis was found to reduce esophagus tissues injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) levels of esophagus tissues were significantly decreased in EF compared to Con group. As results of esophagus protein analyses, EF effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors ($NF-{\kappa}Bp65$, $p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6), and increase anti-oxidant enzyme (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2). Conclusions : These results suggest that EF administration comfirmed that decreased esophagus tissues injury, oxidantive stress, anti-inflammation effect, and increased anti-oxidant effect. Therefore, EF was the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether the extract of Coptidis Rhizoma inhibits inflammation in chronic cold stress (CCS)-exposed mice or not. Methods : Coptidis Rhizoma extract (CRE) was made by reflux with distilled water. Male ICR mice (7 weeks old) were divided randomly into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) CCS, (3) CCS+CRE 100 mg/kg, (4) CCS+CRE 300 mg/kg, (5) CCS+CRE 1,000 mg/kg groups. Mice were orally administered once a day for 14 days starting from 1 day before CCS. Group (2)-(5) were exposed to CCS conditions that maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 h once a day for 14 days. The levels of serum cortisol and hypothalamic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and PGE2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The expression levels of several pro-inflammatory factors like heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), c-fos, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) were measured by western blot analysis in mouse hypothalamus. Results : Oral administration of CRE 1,000 mg/kg significantly suppressed the increase of serum cortisol levels in mice exposed to CCS. CCS-exposed mice had significantly increased the expression of HSP70, c-fos, and NF-kB in hypothalamus, while CRE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of these pro-inflammatory factors. The ratio of PGE2/PGE1 was also higher in CCS-exposed mice than control group. CRE treatment significantly reduced the increase of PGE2/PGE1 ratio induced by CCS. Conclusion : These findings suggest that Coptidis Rhizoma may work as a potential agent to modulate inflammatory responses under the condition of cold adaptation formed by CCS.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

Objective : Gastritis is a major complication of gastrointestinal disease. Lonicera japonica is used in folk medicine to treat different diseases such as exopathogenic wind-heat, epidemic febrile diseases, sores, carbuncles and some infectious diseases. Therefore, this study examined the effects of Lonicera japonica water extract (LJE) on HCl/ethano-linduced acute gastric ulceration and anti-oxidants properties. Methods : LC-ESI-IT-TOF MS was employed for rapid identification of major compound from LJE. The antioxidant activities were evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging assays and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. SD rats were randomly divided into five different groups including the normal group, ulcer group, positive group (20 kg/mg of omeprazole, ip), and experimental groups (100 kg/mg and 500 kg/mg of LJE, ip). Results : 4,5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid, loganic acid, secologanic acid, sweroside, loganin, vogeloside were identified based on the detection of the molecular ion with those of literature data. The LJE was possessed free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH (IC₅₀=189.7 ㎍/㎖), ABTS (IC₅₀=164.5 ㎍/㎖), and SOD-like activity (IC₅₀=405.02 ㎍/㎖). Macroscopic and histological analyses showed LJE treated group were significantly reduced to an extent that it allowed leukocytes penetration of the gastric walls compared with the ulcer group. In addition, an ulcer inhibition rate and prostaglandin E₂ levels were increased in rats treated with LJE. Conclusion : The present study has demonstrated the antioxidantive and gastroprotective effect of LJE, these findings suggested that LJE has the potential for use in treatment of gastric disorders.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2022

Advanced or metastatic breast cancer affects multiple organs and is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer metastasis is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal metastasis (EMT). However, the specific signals that induce and regulate EMT in carcinoma cells remain unclear. PRR16/Largen is a cell size regulator that is independent of mTOR and Hippo signalling pathways. However, little is known about the role PRR16 plays in the EMT process. We found that the expression of PRR16 was increased in mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines. PRR16 overexpression induced EMT in MCF7 breast cancer cells and enhances migration and invasion. To determine how PRR16 induces EMT, the binding proteins for PRR16 were screened, revealing that PRR16 binds to Abl interactor 2 (ABI2). We then investigated whether ABI2 is involved in EMT. Gene silencing of ABI2 induces EMT, leading to enhanced migration and invasion. ABI2 is a gene that codes for a protein that interacts with ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) kinase. Therefore, we investigated whether the change in ABI2 expression affected the activation of ABL1 kinase. The knockdown of ABI2 and PRR16 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Y412 in ABL1 kinase. Our results suggest that PRR16 may be involved in EMT by binding to ABI2 and interfering with its inhibition of ABL1 kinase. This indicates that ABL1 kinase inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PRR16-related breast cancer.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of phosphorylation sites at the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (eLH/CGR). The eLH/CGR has a large extracellular domain of glycoprotein hormone receptors within the G protein-coupled receptors. We constructed a mutant (eLH/CGR-t656) of eLH/CGR, in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at the Phe656 residue, through polymerase chain reaction. The eLH/CGR-t656 removed 14 potential phosphorylation sites in the intracellular C-terminal region. The plasmids were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 and PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin, and agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness was analyzed. In CHO-K1 cells, those expressing eLH/CGR-t656 were lower than those expressing eLH/CGR wild-type (eLH/CGR-wt). The EC₅₀ of the eLH/CGR-t656 mutant was approximately 72.2% of the expression observed in eLH/CGR-wt. The maximal response in eLH/CGR-t656 also decreased to approximately 43% of that observed in eLH/CGR-wt. However, in PathHunter Parental cells, cAMP activity and maximal response of the eLH/CGR-t656 mutant were approximately 173.5% and 100.8%, respectively, of that of eLH/CGR-wt. These results provide evidence that the signal transduction of C-terminal phosphorylation in eLH/CGR plays a pivotal role in CHO-K1 cells. The cAMP level was recovered in PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin. We suggest that the signal transduction of the C-terminal region phosphorylation sites is remarkably different depending on the cells expressing β-arrestin in CHO-K1 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2022

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be involved in airway remodeling and fibrosis of bronchial asthma. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to EMT have yet to be fully clarified. The current study was designed to reveal the potential mechanism of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) affecting EMT through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) were transfected with miR-21 mimics/inhibitors and PARP-1 plasmid/small interfering RNA (siRNA). A dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-labeled RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-21 mimics and PARP-1. The migration ability of 16HBE cells was evaluated by Transwell assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting experiments were applied to determine the expression of Snail, ZEB1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and PARP-1. The effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the migration of 16HBE cells and EMT were investigated. Overexpression of miR-21 mimics induced migration and EMT of 16HBE cells, which was significantly inhibited by overexpression of PARP-1. Our findings showed that PARP-1 was a direct target of miR-21, and that miR-21 targeted PARP-1 to promote migration and EMT of 16HBE cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Using LY294002 to block PI3K/AKT signaling pathway resulted in a significant reduction in the migration and EMT of 16HBE cells. These results suggest that miR-21 promotes EMT and migration of HBE cells by targeting PARP-1. Additionally, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might be involved in this mechanism, which could indicate its usefulness as a therapeutic target for asthma.

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

휘발성물질은 자연에서 어디에나 존재한다. 생태학적으로 식물이나 미생물이 생산하는 휘발성물질은 식물-미생물이나 미생물-미생물간 대화에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 정족수 인식신호는 세균과 세균 사이의 짧은 거리에서만 영향을 미치지만 휘발성물질은 20 cm 이상의 거리에서 생명체 간 신호전달이 가능하다. 이번 리뷰에서는 휘발성물질을 이용한 식물병진단과 진균, 세균, 바이러스병의 생물적방제의 최신 결과를 소개하였다. 더불어 이러한 휘발성물질을 농업에 적용하기 위한 다양한 기술들도 소개하였다. 휘발성물질의 캡슐화와 서방형 제제화 그리고 바이오나노 융합기술은 기존의 휘발성 물질 적용 한계를 넘게 해 줄 것이다. 종합하면 휘발성물질은 식물병을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있는 새로운 방법이다. 이번 리뷰를 통하여 농민들과 젊은 연구자들이 휘발성물질에 대한 이해를 높이고 향기농업으로의 전환을 앞당기는 계기가 되기를 희망한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2022

Quercetin의 지질대사 개선 효과에 대한 작용기전을 확인하기 위해 C57BL/6J mouse를 사용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유도하기 위해 6주간 1% 콜레스테롤과 0.5% cholic acid를 함유하는 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여하였으며, quercetin은 0.05%와 0.1%의 수준으로 고콜레스테롤 식이에 추가하여 같은 기간 동안 제공하였다. Quercetin은 혈청과 간의 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 수준을 용량 의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 쥐의 간에서 지방 합성을 촉진하는 SREBP-1c, ACC1 및 FAS 유전자 발현이 quercetin 섭취에 의해 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. Quercetin은 간세포 내에서 에너지 대사를 조절하는 AMPK 활성을 증가시켰다. 이에 반해 암세포 증식을 촉진하고 지방간에서 높게 발현되는 miR-21 발현은 quercetin 섭취에 의해 감소되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 quercetin이 고콜레스테롤 식이 섭취 쥐에서 혈청과 간의 지질 수준을 낮추는 지질대사 개선 효과가 있으며, 이러한 효과의 일부는 간 내 지방합성 유전자 (SREBP-1c, ACC1 및 FAS) 발현, AMPK 활성 및 miR-21 조절을 통해 매개된다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2022

미선나무(Abeliophyllum distichum) 1속 1종의 한반도 고유식물이다. 꽃잎색의 변이에 따라 미선(백색), 분홍미선, 상아미선 그리고 연노랑색의 옥황1호 품종 등으로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 4종류의 꽃 추출물(FAD)로부터 생리활성물질의 함량과 항염증 활성 차이를 비교·분석하였다. FAD의 생리활성 물질은 LC/MS 분석을 통해 rutin, hirsutrin, 그리고 acteoside를 분석하였다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 통한 항산화 활성을 분석하였으며, 항산화 활성은 각 추출물의 생리활성 물질의 함량에 따라 유의성 있는 활성을 나타내었다. FAD는 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 염증 유발 매개체(산화질소, iNOS, COX-2)의 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한 NF-κB와 MAPK 신호전달 경로 조절을 통한 항염증 효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 3전극방식으로 전기화학적 임피던스분광법(EIS)를 활용한 콘크리트 속 철근의 분극저항을 측정할 때 전기화학 셀저항에 따른 인가전압의 변화를 실험적으로 확인하고, 안정적인 측정값을 획득을 위한 실험조건을 찾는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 셀저항을 구성하는 요소 중 콘크리트 건조상태, 전극의 커플링상태(접촉저항) 및 상대전극의 면적을 주요변수 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 지름 200mm인 정사각형 콘크리트 실험체 중심에 D22 철근이 부분적으로 매입된 실험체를 준비하여, 주요변수의 조합으로 구성된 다양한 실험조건에서 EIS을 수행하였으며 이때 포텐쇼스탯에서 인가된 전압을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 실험결과를 통하여, 3전극 방식으로 콘크리트 속 철근의 부식속도를 측정할 경우, 측정장치의 추종전압보다 측정 시 요구되는 인가전압이 충분히 큰 경우 셀저항의 변화는 EIS 측정에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 참조전극과 기준전극을 콘크리트 표면에 부착된 상태에서 EIS에서 콘크리트의 건조상태 및 상대전극의 면적에 대한 영향에 비하여 전극과 표면의 접촉저항의 영향이 지배적인 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 해양환경에 노출된 콘크리트와 같이 침지 및 건조 반족 조건에 노출된 콘크리트에서 3전극방식의 EIS 측정으로 철근 부식속도 및 상태평가를 위한 센서 개발에 기본 데이터로 활용될 수 있다.