• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표대회 발표논문집
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• pp.471-474
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• 2002

SA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance In cucumber seedlings. Pretreatment of seeds with $CaCl_2$ solution enhanced the SA- induced thermotolerance. On the contrary, pretreatment with the $Ca^{2+}$ chelator EGTA lowered this SA-induced thermotolerance. In addition, pretreatment with $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker verapamil also weakened the SA-induced thermotolerance. However, the calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine(CPZ) had little effect on the SA-induced thermotolerance. Measurement of activity of the antioxidant enzyme APX and the level of lipid peroxidation (in term of MDA) indicated that heat stress induced an oxidative stress in cucumber seedlings. SA treatment induced higher activities of APX and a lower level of lipid peroxidation. $Ca^{2+}$ pretreatment further enhanced the SA-induced increase in APX activity and lowered the heat stress-induced lipid peroxidation, but EGTA pretreatment had a contrary effect. These results suggest that $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin may be involved In the acquisition of the SA-induced thermotolerance; antioxidant enzyme system take part in the final generation of the SA-induced thermotolerance.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 1992

The neuroprotective effect of betaine, one of the components of Lycii Fructus, on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured chicken brain cells were examined. Betaine was found to attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at the concentration of $5{\sim}10{\;}mM$ in both morphological and chemical aspects. The pretreatment of chicken brain cells with $5{\sim}10{\;}mM$betaine for 2hr at the 12 th day of culture before the 40min-exposure to $500\;{\mu}M$ glutamate significantly increased the survival rate of nerve cells in chicken brain. Betaine could also raise the decreased LDH-level in chicken brain cells which were induced neurotoxicity with $100\;{\mu}M$ glutamate. LDH value was decreased to 63% of control level in chicken brain cells at the time of 48 hr after the exposure to glutamate. However, the pretreatment of chicken brain cells with 5 mM betaine for 2 hr before the exposure to glutamate prevent the decrease of LDH in cells showing 90% of control level. Nevertheless, the remarkable neuroprotective effect of betaine on the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured chicken brain cells could not be observed when betaine was simultaneously administrated with glutamate.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2007

This study evaluated effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang(YST) on diabetic rats. Diabetic condition in rats was induced by streptozotocin injection. Then control effect of YST was observed with changes of serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and hepatic glucokinse activity. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of high serum glucose level of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin at 5th day of YST treatment. YST treatment was resulted increase of low serum insulin level of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin, but it was not significant statistically. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of high serum triglyceride level of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin at 3rd and 5th of YST treatment. YST treatment was resulted significant increase of low hepatic glucokinase activity of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin at 5th day of YST treatment. These results suggest that YST has effects on serum glucose control against cerebral inchemic damage under diabetic condition.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1998

This study designed to investigate the blood glusose lowering effect of sericultural products using allozan-induced byperglycemic mice. The administration of sericultural products did not affect body weight between normal mice and alloxan induced hyperglycemic mice. High blood glucose level in alloxan-induced mice group was maintained, during all the experimental period. In the 2-3 weeks, a significant decrease in the blood glucose level was observed in the group treated with sericultural products. Up to 5 weeks, blood glucose level of those group was maintained. Sericultural products treatment group have an activity for glucose tolerance test. Sericultural products showed the blood glucose lowering acivity for loading maltose and sucrose.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.504-508
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• 1991

In order to investigate whether the function of distal nephron is disturbed in adenine-induced renal failure rats, we measured the urinary kallikrein level in adenine-ingesting rats fed on 0.75% adenine diet for 1 to 10 days. Administration of 0.75% adenine to rats significantly increased blood urea nitrogen level and urine volume, while the level of kallikrein along with the urinary excretions of urea and inorganic phosphate were significantly decreased. From these results, it is suggested that adenine-induced renal failure is caused by early deterioration of distal nephron as well as proximal nephron.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with $30{\mu}g$ of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.495-507
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• 2017

The effect of clonidine administered intrathecally (i.t.) on the mortality and the blood glucose level induced by sepsis was examined in mice. To produce sepsis, the mixture of D-galactosamine (GaLN; 0.6 g/10 ml)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS; $27{\mu}g/27{\mu}l$) was treated intraperitoneally (i.p.). The i.t. pretreatment with clonidine ($5{\mu}g/5{\mu}l$) increased the blood glucose level and attenuated mortality induced by sepsis in a dose-dependent manner. The i.t. post-treatment with clonidine up to 3 h caused an elevation of the blood glucose level and protected sepsis-induced mortality, whereas clonidine post-treated at 6, 9, or 12 h did not affect. The pre-treatment with oral D-glucose for 30 min prior to i.t. post-treatment (6 h) with clonidine did not rescue sepsis-induced mortality. In addition, i.t. pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) reduced clonidine-induced protection against mortality and clonidine-induced hyperglycemia, suggesting that protective effect against sepsis-induced mortality seems to be mediated via activating PTX-sensitive G-proteins in the spinal cord. Moreover, pretreatment with clonidine attenuated the plasma tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) induced by sepsis. Clonidine administered i.t. or i.p. increased $p-AMPK{\alpha}1$ and $p-AMPK{\alpha}2$, but decreased p-Tyk2 and p-mTOR levels in both control and sepsis groups, suggesting that the up-regulations of $p-AMPK{\alpha}1$ and $p-AMPK{\alpha}2$, or down-regulations of p-mTOR and p-Tyk2 may play critical roles for the protective effect of clonidine against sepsis-induced mortality.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1973

In order to explore the present status of induced abortion, a survey was conducted on 578 married women : 320 employed women, 165 urban and 93 rural housewives, during the period form June, 1972 to september, 1972. The results were as follows: 1. The rates of induced abortion in urban housewives, employed women and rural housewives were 50.3%, 30.3% and 1l.8%, respectively. 2. With regard to the duration of marital life, the rate of induced abortion was higher group of 11-16 and 17-22 years of duration than those of less than 4 years ana more than 23 years. 3. There were significant differences between housewives and the employed women. and also between urban and rural housewives in the rates of induced abortion. 4. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.9 and 4.8 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed women was 2.1. 5. The mean number of live births was 4.5 and 3.2 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed women was 2.1. 6. Average number of living children of the women who had experienced induced abortions was 4.8 and 3.1 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed . women was 2.5. 7. There was a significant correlation between induced abortions and social class or educational level. The higher their level of education or social class, the more frequently women were experienced induced abortions. 8. There was a significant correlation between experience of induced abortions and family planning practice, vis., the women who had experienced induced abortions made more use of family planning practices.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of cardamonin on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism(s) involved. Denuded aortic rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded and combined with molecular experiments. Cardamonin significantly relaxed fluoride-, phenylephrine-, and phorbol ester-induced vascular contractions, suggesting that it has an anti-hypertensive effect on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, cardamonin significantly inhibited the fluoride-induced increase in pMYPT1 level and phenylephrine-induced increase in pERK1/2 level, suggesting inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activity and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and ERK1/2. This study provides evidence that the relaxing effect of cardamonin on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function involves inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2010

Recently, it was found that the formation of reactive metabolites by cytochrome P450s as well as the depletion of glutathione would play important roles in hepatotoxicity induced by 1-bromopropane. In the present study, possible roles of anti-oxidants in 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in male ICR mice. The hepatotoxicity induced by 1-bromopropane was significantly protected by the co-treatment with either N-acetyl cysteine or silymarin. 1-Bromopropane-induced decrease in hepatic glutathione level was significantly protected by the pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine. Taken together, the present results indicated that the reduction of hepatic glutathione level caused by 1-bromopropane treatment might be associated in 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.