• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권12호
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• pp.2075-2083
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• 2016

The real time IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) management is very important for large buildings and underground facilities such as subways because poor IAQ is immediately harmful to human health. Such IAQ management requires monitoring, prediction and control in an integrated and real time manner. In this paper, we present three PM10 hourly prediction models for such realtime IAQ management as both Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. Both MLR and ANN models show good performances between 0.76 and 0.88 with respect to R (correlation coefficient) between the measured and predicted values, but the MLR models outperform the corresponding ANN models with respect to RMSE (root mean square error).

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate actual air quality in newly-constructed multi-family houses and to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The field measurement was conducted in four different newly-constructed multi-family house complexes in Seoul and one existing multi-family house complex in Kyong-gi province. The result of the measurement shows that indoor concentrations of Formaldehyde and TVOC in newly-constructed multi-family houses are much higher than the foreign standards. To establish a proper process for reducing indoor air pollutants, various experiments have been conducted; application of natural materials, bake-out practice, closure of all openings without ventilation, and use of mechanical ventilation system. The result indicates that three practices (natural materials, bakeout, mechanical ventilation) can reduce the level of indoor air pollutants almost in half during the experiments. However, each practice has its limitation and is insufficient to satisfy IAQ standards. Therefore, the study proposes a proper reduction process of indoor air pollutants which combines four different practices in time sequence.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.48-50
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• 2009

This paper presents an IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) Monitoring System using equipments for measurement of fine Particle($PM1{\sim}PM10$), $CO_2$, VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds), temperature and humidity for IAQ monitoring of subway station which millions of people use a day. The necessity of IAQ monitoring system is getting increased for more effective subway station monitoring in line with the recent government's regulation for IAQ is reinforcing. Subway Station is an unusual case. The structure of subway station is closed and complicated. Therefore when data of equipments are transferred, transmission error can happen occasionally. To prevent transmission error, an IAQ Monitoring System is needed the appropriate position and selection of equipments or sensor module. In addition IT(Information Technology) can be utilized like "WiBro(Wireless Broadband)" and "GateWay" for facilitate movement of data and construction of IAQ monitoring system of subway station.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2014

The subways play an important part in serious traffic problems. Almost seven million citizens a day are using subways as a means of traffic communication in the Seoul metropolitan city in 2012. However, the subway system is a semi-closed environment, so many serious problems occurred in subway stations and injured passengers' health. Platform screen doors (PSD) are expected to prevent negligent accident such as injury or death from falling and improve the air quality of the subway station. Installation of PSD at stations in Seoul metropolitan subway had been completed in December 2009. Consequently, the underground transportation system became a closed environment, so the air quality has improved the platforms, but it has deteriorated in the tunnels. Especially, the subway cabin has many doors, and the doors are frequently opened and closed. For this reason, the effect of door opening on subway cabin, dust flow inside the subway cabin. In this process, the maintenance work may influence the health of people who work underground, as well as that of subway users (passengers). In this study, we measured air quality inside and outside of the subway cabin line 2 in Seoul, Korea. This study focused on the investigation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and measurement target pollutants are PM10, CO, $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$. It was found that levels of PM10, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ inside subway cabin line 2 exceeded the Korea IAQ standard. Concentrations of PM10, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ inside of the cabin are higher than outside of the cabin (Indoor Outdoor ratio is higher than 1.). Concentrations of CO, $O_3$ inside of the cabin are lower than outside of the cabin (Indoor Outdoor ratio is lower than 1.). There is a high correlation between $CO_2$ and passengers inside of the cabin and PM10 is only the weakest correlation with passengers. Therefore, it is important to find out the emission source of $NO_2$. The results of this study will be useful as fundamental data to study indoor air quality of a subway cabin.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality(IAQ) in 91 public facilities from September 2004 to March 2005 in the Honam province(Chonnam, Gwangju). The measured air pollutants are $PM_{10}$, formaldehyde(HCHO), CO, $CO_{2}$ and total suspended bacteria(TSB), the maintenance standard materials of IAQ management law established by ministry of environment in Korea(MOE). We also surveyed establishment and operation of ventilation equipment. It was measured $1.2m{\sim}1.5m$ on the floor between 8 o'clock AM and 7 o'clock PM. As the result, $PM_{10}$ and CO was showed the highest concentration, $188.89{\mu}g/m^{3}$, 8.67 ppm, at the indoor parking. The concentration of HCHO was the highest in large store and steamer room. The concentration was respectively $118.70{\mu}g/m^{3}\;and\;113.21{\mu}g/m^{3}$. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was the highest at the reading room of the library on the condition of natural ventilation. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was 1,816 ppm and higher than the IAQ standards established by MOE. The TSB was just measured in the hospital and silver town. It was the highest at the admission room of hospital. The concentration of TSB was $766CFU/m^{3}$. The public facilities of this study were not exceed each maintenance standards except $CO_{2}$ but it was surveyed that the management will be needed about some air pollutant according to target facilities.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to suggest the idea for IAQ improvement of university dormitory through space analysis and residents' evaluation. The data was collected from 105 Konkuk university dormitory residents by a questionnaire survey. As a result, the idea for IAQ improvement of university dormitory can be suggested. First, it was found that it was necessary to improve size of windows and to exchange bathroom exhaust system for ventilation. Secondly, it is important for resident to ventilate and clean their room. Thirdly, the educational program for dormitory residents about maintenance of IAQ was esssentially needed. Also, it is necessary to manage air conditioning equipment maintenance and bathroom hygiene.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.410-424
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• 2021

Background: Subway stations have the characteristics of being located underground and are a representative public-use facility used by an unspecified number of people. As concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase, various management measures are being implemented. However, there are few systematic studies and cases of long-term continuous measurement of underground station air quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and factors influencing IAQ in subway stations through real-time continuous long-term measurement using IoT-based IAQ sensing equipment, and to evaluate the IAQ improvement effect of a bio-filter system. Methods: The IAQ of a subway station in Seoul was measured using IoT-based sensing equipment. A bio-filter system was installed after collecting the background concentrations for about five months. Based on the data collected over about 21 months, changes in indoor air quality and influencing factors were analyzed and the reduction effect of the bio-filter system was evaluated. Results: As a result of the analysis, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ increased during rush hour according to the change in the number of passengers, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were high when a PM warning/watch was issued. There was an effect of improving IAQ with the installation of the bio-filter system. The reduction rate of a new-bio-filter system with improved efficiency was higher than that of the existing bio-filter system. Factors affecting PM_2.5 in the subway station were the outdoor PM_2.5, platform PM_2.5, and the number of passengers. Conclusions: The IAQ in a subway station is affected by passengers, ventilation through the air supply and exhaust, and the spread of particulate matter generated by train operation. Based on these results, it is expected that IAQ can be efficiently improved if a bio-filter system with improved efficiency is developed in consideration of the factors affecting IAQ and proper placement.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Indoor Air Quality Guideline of Kindergarten in korea didn't consider the vulnerable properties of children to indoor air pollutants. For this reason, Suggestion for the IAQ guideline of formaldehyde and minimum ventilation rate was made in this study. Suggested IAQ guidelines for formaldehyde in the respect of children's vulnerable immune system is $30{\mu}g/m^3$ and $50{\mu}g/m^3$, and for the ventilation rate 11.9 ACH, 5.8 ACH, respectively. This value is based only formaldehyde and CO2 concentrations in child-care room of Kindergarten and needed to be verified by further investigations and studies. However it is discovered that lower formaldehyde concentration can do mal-effects to children's health by literature review.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

With increasing number of citizen using subway stations everyday, safety, health and comfort of passengers and occupants became an important social issue. Considering the fact that various physical variables and pollutants are related to indoor air quality (IAQ) which may cause health problem, IAQ need to be closely monitored and controlled in multiple locations in subway stations. This study is a continuation of the previous studies and delay induced in wireless-wired network is experimentally evaluated and the risk involved is assessed. In doing that, a key parameter is identified to be the network delay in different network media. Application of information-theoretic measure to assess the risk in network delay is then discussed. The idea is based on the general principles of engineering design and their applications to quantification of uncertainty in network delay. Experimental results show that more risk is involved in wireless data communication. Efficient and fast conversion of transmission data in both LonWorks/IP server and ZL converter is also noted.