• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect influence areas from incidents on urban interrupted roadways and to develop traffic management strategies for each influence area. METHODS : Based on a literature review, various traffic management strategies for certain incidents were collected. In addition, the relationship between the measure of effectiveness and the characteristics of incidents was explored using an extensive simulation study. RESULTS : From the simulation studies, traffic delays increased as the number of lane closures increased, and the impact of lane closures was reduced to the direction upstream from the incident site. However, the magnitude of the delay change depended on the degree of saturation. Using these characteristics, the direct and indirect influence areas resulting from incidents were defined, and traffic management strategies were established for each direct and indirect influence area and for each level of incident. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will contribute to the improvement of national traffic safety by preventing secondary incidents and by effective adaptation to incident events.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

This study aims to examine the educational function space of university dormitories at local universities with corridor centered structure in Honam area regions based on direct and indirect parameters on the whole satisfaction of users in residential environment factors and personal characteristics. First, according to relations among parameters, educational and cultural activities of four major activities within the dormitory had indirect influences on social activities, eating and sleeping activities had no direct influence on other activities. And social activity had direct influence on the general satisfaction as an important parameter and educational and cultural activities had indirect influence on the whole satisfaction through social activities. Detailed results show that, in the first educational activities directly affecting the lighting and air conditioning facilities (0.22), safety (0.326), Territoriality (0.327), the space density (-0.167), directions (-0.166) and yeohyang having personal characteristics and the safety of the second cultural activities (0.183), Territoriality (0.361), Aesthetics (-0.13) and the personal characteristics Sex (-0.179), the direct effect, third, and erosion has a direct impact on activity The flexibility of the space factor (-0.128) and Territoriality (0.38) and the personal characteristics grade (0.172), respectively. Fourth in social activities directly affecting the pathfinding (-0.104), and parameter, education (0.388) and cultural activities (0.445), and some of the factors affecting the indirect lighting and air conditioning facilities, safety, and Territoriality, the space density, directions, grade, they could influence through educational activities to be analyzed. That is, territoriality in educational function space is the important factor that users react very sensitively in educational, eating and sleeping activities and educational function space must secure area and division considering personal and public use as the space accommodating activity which is lacking in unit residential space. Accordingly, the safety of educational function space in university dormitory is considered as the fundamental safety matter on the fire prevention, hygiene and cleanness for users in the satisfaction of educational and cultural activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.280-291
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• 2018

Recently, various interactions have been actively conducted through sharing and expressing opinions among users in social networks. In this process, since malicious users and fault information spread misinformation, trust is reduced irrespective of their will. To solve this problem, studies have been conducted to determine the trust of a user through direct-connected users. In this paper, we propose a enhanced user indirect trust discrimination scheme considering the connection relation and influence of users. The proposed indirect trust computation scheme derives the user's area of interest through user interaction and reconstructs the existing network considering the user connection relationship. The final indirect trust is also detected by determining whether the user is a malicious user through the influence of the user. Through various performance evaluations, we show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.539-558
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine relationships among university students' self-differentiation, self-esteem and mental health. The subjects were 400 students of four universities in Busan and Gyungnam area. A questionnaire survey was done. The results of this study are as follows : First, the levels of university students' self-differentiation and self-esteem were high. Second, university students' self-differentiation and self-esteem were correlated positively. Third, the levels of university students' depression and anxiety were relatively low. It showed that the subjects' mental health of this study were not bad. Fourth, depression had no significant difference by gender. However, female students had higher anxiety than male students had. Fifth, university students' self-differentiation and self-esteem had negative correlation with depression and anxiety, and self-esteem played a role of mediating variable between self-differentiation and mental health. Sixth, family projection, family regression and self integration of self-differentiation had indirect influence upon the students' mental health through self-esteem, while cognitive-emotional function had direct influence upon mental health and had indirect influence upon mental health through self-esteem as well. In this study, university students' self-differentiation and self-esteem were found to be important variables having influence upon mental health, and self-differentiation had indirect influence upon mental health through self-esteem. Counselling intervention strategies should be established considering self-differentiation and self-esteem of the students who complained about their maladjusted emotion and human relation problems at schools. Also, programs enhancing self-differentiation and self-esteem of university students should be developed and the execution of these programs will be needed to help the university students who experienced mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.260-269
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• 2013

This study verifies the direct and indirect causal relationship of sociocultural values related to appearance effect appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, appearance orientation, and self-esteem that are variables involved in body images. This paper is expected to empirically support the information regarding the path and the relative influence among related-variables and their relational structures. A survey was conducted on 230 women from the ages of 20 to 29 who live in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The data analysis was performed through programs such as AMOS 19.0 and SPSS 19.0 for Windows. The findings are as follows: First, Sociocultural values relating to appearance affect directly body image - appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, and appearance orientation. Appearance evaluation and appearance orientation were influenced positively; however, body area satisfaction received egative effects. In addition, sociocultural values related to appearance exert relatively stronger influence on appearance orientation. Second, among body images, appearance evaluation and body area satisfaction directly effect self-esteem; however, appearance orientation did not show any direct influence. Appearance evaluation influenced relatively higher on self-esteem. Third, it appeared that appearance evaluation directly affected Appearance orientation. Forth, sociocultural values related to appearance affect self-esteem through body images-appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, and appearance orientation - as mediators. This confirmed the mediator role of body image between sociocultural values related to appearance and self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.339-349
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to identify influence of social networks and social support on depression among older women in rural area on agricultural off-season. The sample consisted of 112 women aged 65 years or over who lived in rural areas of Chung-Nam. Some variables related to depression in older women, including depression, social network, social support were measured using reliable instruments. Pathway analysis was used to test the proposed conceptual model designed to explain the direct, indirect and total effect between social networks and social support on depression. Result, direct effect of satisfaction with kin network and instrumental support on depression was found. And indirect effect of network size with kin, satisfaction with kin network on depression was found. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop supportive system to reduce depression and to improve satisfaction with kin network and instrumental support.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.36-48
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• 2008

This study examines the influence of control algorithms on dimming performance to determine appropriate control setting when direct/indirect lighting is controlled by a daylight dimming system. Computer simulation were performed for a small office with double skin envelope under various daylight conditions. A retractable fabric shading and Venetian blind were applied for internal and external envelopes under three CIE standard sky conditions. Unshielded and partially-shielded photosensors were used, and three control algorithms were applied for the sensors. In general, dimming level was too excessive due to the direct impact of light from lighting fixture to the photosensor. Providing insufficient lighting output, the unshielded photosensor completely failed to secure required illuminance under any daylight condition. When a partially-shielded photosensor was applied under clear sky, three setting points functioned effectively. Less sensitivity for the partially-shielded photosensor was effective to control the dimming system optimally with reasonable energy saving. However, the daylight dimming control system for direct/indirect lighting does not appear to be energy effective when photosensors without enough shielded area is installed on ceiling where light from fixtures reaches directly.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.51-64
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• 2021

Purpose: A restaurant is a business of the physical distribution of food and beverages which includes intercultural interaction. This research paper aims to examine the influence of Japanese taste as a product advantage, determining service quality factor in the restaurant business, the e-CRM that involves technology, social media campaigns to reach the target market of young people, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in Sushi Tei restaurant. This study also intends to find direct and indirect influence between the variables. Research design, data and methodology: Quantitative research was conducted using a survey method by distributing 100 questionnaires to Sushi Tei customers in Jakarta, consisting of Gen Z and Millennials. Samples were taken at each outlet in the Jakarta area on weekend and weekdays by purposive sampling. Data was generated by path analysis Results: The results showed that Japanese taste, service quality, and e-CRM significantly influence customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, social media campaigns failed to influence customer loyalty. As a result, customer satisfaction has a significant influence on customer loyalty within Sushi Tei restaurant. Conclusion: The study also proposed significant implications to develop and maintain a relationship with the customer to gain satisfaction and loyalty in the food and beverage industry.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2008

This study analyzed the influence of dental adhesive/primer on the bond strength between indirect resin composite and the resin cement. Seventy disc specimens of indirect resin composite (Tescera Dentin, Bisco) were fabricated. And bonding area of all specimens were sandblasted and silane treated for one minute. The resin cements were used with or without application of adhesive/primer to bonding area of indirect resin restoration, Variolink-II (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Exite DSC, Panavia-F (Kuraray) : ED-Primer, RelyX Unicorn (3M ESPE) Single- Bond, Duolink (Risco) : One-step, Mulitlink (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Multilinh Primer. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine. Adhesive application improved shear bond strength (p<0.05) But Variolink II and Panavia-F showed no statistically significant difference according to the adhesive application. With the above results, when resin inlay is luted by resin cement it seems that application of dental adhesive/primer is necessary in order to improve the bond strength.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7690-7697
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• 2015

This study is to reveal structural causal relationship of individual factors influencing association member's substantive payment in the economic view which is a critical factor of project implementation and identify its influence through simulation and actual proof analysis. As the results of analysis, the first, association member's substantive payment is decided to allow for the difference between special price for association members and general price and the profit arising between the time of approval of disposal plan and moving in. The second, on analysis of sensitivity of individual factors influencing association member's substantive payment, floor area ratio applied to project has the biggest influence. Association member's payment is also greatly influenced by the subject of cost allocation for establishing infrastructure in project area. The third, this study set up a structure model based on causal relationship among the factors deciding association member's payment and empirically examined influence and path of influence which the individual factors exercise. The result indicates that control elements and regional characteristic elements influence association member's payment through the medium of plan elements.