• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2002

Among effective feature extraction methods from the small-patched image set, independent component analysis (ICA) is recently well known stochastic manner to find informative basis images. The ICA simultaneously learns both basis images and independent components using high order statistic manners, because that information underlying between pixels are sensitive to high-order statistic models. The topographic ICA model is adapted in our experiment. This paper deals with an unsupervised classification strategies using learned ICA basis images. The experimental result by proposed classification technique shows superior performance than classic texture analysis techniques for the panchromatic KOMPSAT imagery.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.305-314
• /
• 1999

The Hsu-Robbins-erd s theorem states that if {$X_m,n\geq1$} is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, then ${EX_1}^2<\infty$ and $EX_1$=0 if and only if ${\sum_{n=1}}^\infty\;P($\mid${\sum_{k=1}}^nX_k$\mid$\geqn\in)<\infty$ for every $\in$ > 0. Under some auxiliary conditions, Sp taru (1994) extended this to the case where the $X_n$ are independent, but their distributions come from a finite set. Pruss (1996) proved Sp taru's result under weaker conditions, The purpose of this paper is to improve Pruss conditions.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1994.06a
• /
• pp.854-859
• /
• 1994

As powertrain noise is better and better controlled, road noise inputs become more important. The interior road noise of a car is mainly induced by the wheels rolling over the road surface. Each of the four wheels act as an independent and uncorrelated excitation input. To rank the energy transfer form each input to the interior, a Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) needs to be made-which requires operational vibration measurements. However due to the multiple uncorrelated inputs, phase relations vary continuously. It is therefore necessary to separate the operational data into set of "independent phenomena" by means of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A TPA can then be carried out for each independent phenomenon. Operational deflection shapes referenced to these principal components share the physical phenomena. The details of the methodology are discussed and a discussion of the results on a car shows that the method gives accurate results for full vehicle testing.e testing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes a linear-time algorithm that has been designed to obtain an accurate solution for Dominating Set (DS) problem, which is known to be NP-complete due to the deficiency of polynomial-time algorithms that successfully derive an accurate solution to it. The proposed algorithm does so by repeatedly assigning vertex v with maximum degree ${\Delta}(G)$among vertices adjacent to the vertex v with minimum degree ${\delta}(G)$ to Minimum Independent DS (MIDS) as its element and removing all the incident edges until no edges remain in the graph. This algorithm finally transforms MIDS into Minimum DS (MDS) and again into Minimum Connected DS (MCDS) so as to obtain the accurate solution to all DS-related problems. When applied to ten different graphs, it has successfully obtained accurate solutions with linear time complexity O(n). It has therefore proven that Dominating Set problem is rather a P-problem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1248-1248
• /
• 2001

Mastitis is a major problem for the global dairy industry and causes substantial economic losses from decreasing milk production and considerable compositional changes in milk, reducing milk quality. The potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the region from 1100 to 2500nm and chemometric method for classification to detect milk from mastitic cows was investigated. A total of 189 milk samples from 7 Holstein cows were collected for 27 days, consecutively, and analyzed for somatic cells (SCC). Three of the cows were healthy, and the rest had mastitis periods during the experiment. NIR transflectance milk spectra were obtained by the InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer in the spectral range from 1100 to 2500nm. All samples were divided into calibration set and test set. Class variable was assigned for each sample as follow: healthy (class 1) and mastitic (class 2), based on milk SCC content. The classification of the samples was performed using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and different spectral data pretreatment. Two concentration of SCC - 200 000 cells/ml and 300 000 cells/ml, respectively, were used as thresholds fer separation of healthy and mastitis cows. The best detection accuracy was found for models, obtained using 200 000 cells/ml as threshold and smoothed absorbance data - 98.41% from samples in the calibration set and 87.30% from the samples in the independent test set were correctly classified. SIMCA results for classes, based on 300 000 cells/ml threshold, showed a little lower accuracy of classification. The analysis of changes in the loading of first PC factor for group of healthy milk and group of mastitic milk showed, that separation between classes was indirect and based on influence of mastitis on the milk components. The accuracy of mastitis detection by SIMCA method, based on NIR spectra of milk would allow health screening of cows and differentiation between healthy and mastitic milk samples. Having SIMCA models, mastitis detection would be possible by using only DIR spectra of milk, without any other analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.3707-3720
• /
• 2010

This research is about evaluate how leadership is influence the organizational effectiveness through the process. Process is set sub factors of transformational leadership as independent variable, set sub factors of organizational effectiveness as dependent variable, and set trust as relationship between members of organization for leader in relationship between most important person at organization(work place) and work, also, set self efficacy as relationship between members of organization and work to find out how these two elements are working. As result of research, all of sub factors of independent variables are effect on trust, then trust is positive effect on organizational effectiveness. However, all of the sub factors of transformational leadership didn't give meaningful effect on self efficacy. However, trust is effect on self efficacy, and as a result, self efficacy is positive effect on every sub factors of organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 1976

In empirical study for fitting a multiple linear regression model for successive cross-sections data observed on the same set of independent variables over several time periods, one often faces the problem of poor $R^2$, the multiple coefficient of determination, which provides a standard measure of how good a specified regression line fits the sample data.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1822-1831
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to optimize coating process of the rice snack added with dried shrimp powder by using single extruder. A total of 8 independent variables were used for 4 independent variables of edible oil coating and 4 independent variables of seasoning coating. 4 independent variables for edible oil coating were set up as 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% for the content of edible oil; 40, 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ for the tumbler temperature; 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 rpm for the tumbler speed; 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min for the coating time. 4 independent variables for seasoning coating were set up as 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% for the content of seasoning; 40, 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ for the tumbler temperature; 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 rpm for the tumbler speed; 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min for the coating time. The characteristics of the dependent variables as coating yield and Breaking ratio of collet due to the condition changes of the independent variable was studied during process of edible oil coating and seasoning coating, respectively. As a results of this study, 20% of edible oil content, $70^{\circ}C$ of tumbler temperature, 80 rpm of tumbler speed, 4 min of coating time for process of edible oil coating, 3% of seasoning content, $60^{\circ}C$ of tumbler temperature, 70 rpm of tumbler speed, 3 min of coating time for process of seasoning coating were found to be the most preferable over other independent variables for the production of snack. In conclusion, it is necessary to set the independent variable in order to produce the high quality snack added with the rice as the main raw material and dried shrimp, edible oil and seasoning as the sub-materials.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study is to develop a 3D registration algorithm for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired from independent PET/CT and MR imaging systems. Combined PET/CT images provide anatomic and functional information, and MR images have high resolution for soft tissue. With the registration technique, the strengths of each modality image can be combined to achieve higher performance in diagnosis and radiotherapy planning. The proposed method consists of two stages: normalized mutual information (NMI)-based global matching and independent component analysis (ICA)-based refinement. In global matching, the field of view of the CT and MR images are adjusted to the same size in the preprocessing step. Then, the target image is geometrically transformed, and the similarities between the two images are measured with NMI. The optimization step updates the transformation parameters to efficiently find the best matched parameter set. In the refinement stage, ICA planes from the windowed image slices are extracted and the similarity between the images is measured to determine the transformation parameters of the control points. B-spline. based freeform deformation is performed for the geometric transformation. The results show good agreement between PET/CT and MR images.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2003

This research proposes an implementation method of linearized equations of motion for multibody systems with closed loops. The null space of the constraint Jacobian is first pre-multiplied to the equations of motion to eliminate the Lagrange multiplier and the equations of motion are reduced down to a minimum set of ordinary differential equations. The resulting differential equations are functions of all relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations. Since the variables are tightly coupled by the position, velocity, and acceleration level coordinates, direct substitution of the relationships among these variables yields very complicated equations to be implemented. As a consequence, the reduced equations of motion are perturbed with respect to the variations of all variables, which are coupled by the constraints. The position velocity and acceleration level constraints are also perturbed to obtain the relationships between the variations of all relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations and variations of the independent ones. The Perturbed constraint equations are then simultaneously solved for variations of all variables only in terms of the variations of the independent variables. Finally, the relationships between the variations of all variables and these of the independent ones are substituted into the variational equations of motion to obtain the linearized equations of motion only in terms of the independent variables variations.