• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-62
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• 2018

Objective: This study employed a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respected Parents & Respected Children(RPRC) parent education program developed for working mothers of dual-income families with young children. Methods: A total of 32 working mothers were randomly assigned to two groups, an intervention group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). Mothers in the intervention group participated in the parent education program. After the termination of the program, differences between the pretest and posttest in terms of mothers'parenting behaviors, parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction were compared in both groups. Results: Mothers in the intervention group were significantly improved in their parenting behaviors and parenting efficacy, whereas mothers in the control group did not show any significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. However, there was no significant difference in parental role satisfaction between the intervention group and the control group. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that RPRC parent education program is effective in bringing about positive changes in working mothers'parenting confidence, which can be crucial for the future developmental outcomes of their children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 1993

A dimension of well-being economic security was analyzed and compared with economic adequacy. Again it was tested whether two indicators of economic security(short-term vs. long-term) yield same distribution across all household groups. Economic Security was defined as the household ability to sustain a given level of consumption in the case of economic emergency; specifically loss of income. Measure of 8 different kinds of economic security were constructed from household net worth including and excluding home equity. Data were taken from the 1988 U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey and 2148 households were selected to test hypotheses concerning the economic security of American households Empirical results showed a very low level of economic security in general. The first hypothesis that distribution of economic adequacy and economic security are same across all population groups was rejected. On the average security measure rather than adequacy measure was favor to white female-headed households and households who have old and highly educated house-holder. The second hypothesis that the indicators of long-term and short-term economic security yield the same results across all household was not rejected. In general the level of economic security was relatively higher when long-term indicator was used than short-term indicator was however the direction and relative size of effect of income and each control variable was almost same.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

This paper investigated the characteristics of population structure and the determinants of population movement in the south west area of Kyonggi-do by grouping 9 cities in 3 categories and using Panel data of $1995{\sim}2001$. The major findings of this paper were identified as follows : 1) The population structure of regions was different to the stages of urbanization. The ratio of child and elder dependency was high in the rural regions and low in the urbanized regions. It was due to the movement of economically active population of $20{\sim}40$ aged groups, from rural regions to urban regions. This means that more productive segments of the rural population leave the country to the city. In addition. The ratio of male to female was higher in $20{\sim}40$ aged groups for rural regions. This suggested that young females moved from rural regions to urban regions more than young males in the process of industrialization. 2) Based in pooling regression, income was the most significant determinant that could explain the inter-regional and intra-regional movement of population for south west area studied, The next one was educational opportunity variable. The coefficients of income and education were 0.5, 0,7 for intra-regional migration and 0.01, 0.02 for interregional migration indicating that Todaro's hypothesis could be tested well rather than Tiebout' model for this area.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.7 s.209
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• pp.23-35
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• 2005

This study examined the consumer complaining behavior after purchasing functional health foods and investigated the variables which influence public and private consumer complaining behavior. The subjects of this study were 206 consumers who were dissatisfied after purchasing functional health foods. The survey was conducted during September. 15-October 6, 2003. Percentiles, frequencies, means, $X^2$ and logistic regression were utilized for data analysis with SPSS program. Major findings were as follows: 1 The groups reporting public complaining behavior were over college graduate, high income workers, professional and clerical workers(demographic variables). Purchasing related variable were high purchasing price, strategy of sales person and. ad, purchasing channel through door to door sales, telemarketing, multi level sales, and home shopping, purchasing purpose of weight control and cosmetic. 2. The groups reporting private complaining behavior were high school graduate, low income workers, housewives and the unemployed(demographic variables). Purchasing related variable were low purchasing price, the case of consumer need, purchasing in the shop, purchasing purpose of health restoration.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.218-222
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• 2004

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the world's most common nutritional problem. It is characterized by a low hemoglobin (Hb) level and low iron status. A study was conducted to investigate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in day scholar girls belonging to different socioeconomic strata at Punjab University, Lahore. Iron status of the subjects was estimated by measuring Hb, hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCR), serum iron, serum ferritin, total protein and albumin. Results indicated that females belonging to low socioeconomic strata had lower values for Hb, Hct, RBC count, total protein and albumin. Serum iron, serum ferritin, MCV and MCH values fell within the normal range for all of the socioeconomic groups. However, serum iron and ferritin varied with socioeconomic status and higher-income groups had significantly higher serum iron and ferritin. It was concluded that anemia may develop due to poor intake and absorption of iron and that those in the low-income bracket are the most affected group.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2010

Employment number by areas is composed of various factors for groups and time series. In this paper, we use the panel data for finding various variables and using this, we analyzed the factors that is major influence to employment number by areas. For analysis we looked at employment number by areas, the region for analysis consist of seven groups, that is, the metropolitan city(such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 63 time points(2005.01.- 2010.03). We examined the data in relation to the employment number by occupational job, unemployment rate, monthly household income, preceding business composite index, consumer price index, composite stock price index. In looking at the factors which determine employment number by areas job, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant negative relationship between unemployment rate and monthly household income the consumer price index. The consumer price index and composite stock price index are significant positive relationship, preceding business composite index is positive relationship, it are not significant variables in terms of employment number by areas job.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2005

In this paper I tried quantitative measures of the rent-seeking for budgetary allocations in Korean fisheries. There is a great deal of ignorance about the level of rent-seeking that takes place as a consequence of government expenditures and the potential for influencing their allocation, and so the attempt by Kats and Rosenberg(1989) to measure this in terms of the extent of annual changes in these allocations was a significant step forward. The opportunity to concentrate net public expenditure benefits within the fiscal function of the state gives rise to rent-seeking by special interest taxpayer-citizens through government budget allocations, special interest groups and coalitions of special interest groups. There are several important implications of budgetary rent-seeking. Budgetary rent-seeking is composed of 'income' and substitution effects, the budgetary 'income' effect is the general increase in government expenditures from one period to another. According to result of this analysis, average expenditures were 17.0% of total fisheries budget in 1966-2005. Therefore, distribution of fisheries budget should be converted by indirect support systems to reduce these rent-seeking behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-514
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of consumption behavior of healthy functional foods including vitamin/mineral products for overweight and obese Koreans. Overweight and obese Koreans were selected based on the body mass index(BMI) from the KNHANES that was collected in 2007. Probit estimation model was used to find the influencing factors such as age, gender, job, education, income, nutrition education, and cultural capital(parents' education) on consuming the healthy functional foods. Overweight consumers were found to consume vitamin/mineral products and healthy functional foods at 17.5% and 22.7%, respectively. Obese consumers were found to consume vitamin/mineral products and healthy functional foods at 18.2% and 22.8%, respectively. In addition, self decision was found to be a significant factor to consume both products in both groups. Nutritional education and job were significant factors to consume vitamin/mineral products in overweight consumers, while mother's education and job(service) were significant factors in obese consumers. Weight control for body shape, gender, age, and income were significant factors to consume healthy functional foods in overweight consumers, while nutrition label and perceived health status were significant for obese consumers. Therefore, providing consumer information on functional foods might be useful for consumers to consider the healthy functional foods as an available option to purchase. Various influencing factors between two groups might be concerned to develop different strategies for promoting the healthy functional foods consumption including vitamin/mineral products.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to propose ubiquitous housing environment based on older residents' needs for ubiquitous(UT) home services. For this purpose, at the previous study which was the first stage of this study, UT home services by each elderly household based on spouse, income level, and health status were identified and this study finally proposed UT home services by each elderly household type according to residents' level of needs for UT home services. One to one interview with a structured survey questionnaire and illustration was implemented and 204 older residents who were composed of one of six elderly household types were responded. Among 6 types of elderly households, type 2 and 6 were the groups which had higher needs for various kinds of UT home services. Economic status and their health status were the key factors to determine their needs for UT home services. Type 4 and 7 were the groups to express their lower needs for UT home services due to their lower income level and good health condition. Ultimately, two floor plans for type 4 and 5 elderly households were developed to show applicable UT home services in each room of the house.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.57-64
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• 2019

This study attempts to analyse the effects of high-rise living on suicide rates. All the apartments in the City A and every suicide were examined in detail. Research methods are as follows. First, a database including tenure type and number of residents in all apartment complexes was created. Second, apartments were categorized into two income groups of private apartments and social housing, and spatial configuration characteristics of a typical apartment were analysed. Third, differences in suicide rates were analysed for lower and upper levels in both apartment categories. Finally, the relationship between high and lower levels of apartments with their spatial configuration characteristics and suicide rates was compared. The analysis shows significant differences between lower and upper floors living residents' suicide rates. It can be stated that the low-income residents are more sensitive to living in high-rise environment. Also, it suggests the need to improve the high-rise living environment of vulnerable social groups. In addition, spatial integration decrease in upper floors of high-rise buildings, and it can be interpreted that spatial configuration may affect residents' pathological disorders or even suicidal behaviors.