• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.41-70
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• 2005

본 연구는 사회경제적 구조변화에 따른 빈곤형태의 변화를 고찰하고 신빈곤층의 탈빈곤을 위한 정책을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 그동안 빈곤정책은 노령, 실업, 장애, 질병 등 노동능력 상실과 관련된 절대빈곤층에 초점을 두어 왔다. 그러나 경제위기 후 증가하는 빈곤의 특성은 노동시장 참여가 더 이상 탈빈곤의 요인으로 작용하지 않게 되었다. 본 연구는 근로빈민을 대상으로 경제위기이후 경제상황변화, 복지상황, 사회적 위험에 대한 경험 및 대응방식에 대해 경험적으로 조사하고 이를 기반으로 탈빈곤정책을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과 근로빈민층은 경제위기이후 실업, 소득감소 등 다양한 형태의 사회적 위험을 경험했으며 불안정한 고용상황, 취약한 복지상황을 보여주고 있으며 이를 기반으로 탈빈곤정책으로 소득안정정책, 직업훈련 및 기술교육정책, 적극적인 사회복지정책 등을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the differences in employment status and self assessed health in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 4 year follow-up data generated by the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), which was conducted on 1,207 men and 582 women who had undergone a change in employment status. The study subjects were placed into 1 of the following 4 groups based on their employment history; Non-precarious workers, Precarious to non-precarious workers, Non-precarious to precarious workers and Precarious workers. Logistic regression was then used to examine the relationship between the changes in employment status and self assessed health. Results: When males were considered, self assessed health was better among the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.58, 95% CI=1.57-1.60) and the precarious workers (OR 1.29, 95% CI=1.28-1.30) than in the non-precarious workers, after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status (education level, occupational class, marital status, average equivalent household income and average number of hours worked per week), health behavior (smoking, drinking and exercise) and medical service access (regular medical examination, have chronic disease or hospitalized within 1 year). When female workers were considered, the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.89, 95% CI=1.86-1.92), non-precarious to precarious workers(OR 1.24, 95% CI=1.23-1.26) and precarious workers (OR 1.27, 95% CI=1.25-1.28) all reported poorer health than the non-precarious workers after adjusting for the aforementioned factors. Conclusions: This study showed that changes in employment status were associated with differences in self assessed health among men and women. Specifically, the results of this study showed that a corresponding positive outcome based on self assessed health was greater for employees that changed from precarious to non-precarious jobs and for male employees with precarious jobs., whereas female employees with non-precarious jobs had higher self assessed health. However, additional longitudinal studies on the health effects of employment status should be conducted.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2007

Objectives : While cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among women worldwide, there are a number of effective early detection tests available. However, the participation rates in cervical cancer screening among Korean women remain low. After the nationwide efforts in 1988 and thereafter to encourage participation in cervical cancer screening, few studies have investigated the effects of socioeconomic inequality on participation in cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the level of socioeconomic disparities in receiving cervical cancer screening by age group and 2) if there was an improvement in reducing these disparities between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Using data from the Korean National Health Status, Health Behavior and Belief Survey in 1995, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1998 and 2001 (sample sizes of 2,297, 3,738, and 3,283), age-standardized participation rates were calculated according to education level, equivalized household income, and job status. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated after controlling for age. Results : Women with lower education levels were less likely to attend the screening test, and the disparities by education level were most pronounced among women aged 60 years and older. The RIIs among women 60 years and older were 3.64, 4.46, and 8.64 in 1995, 1998, and 2001, respectively. Higher rates of participation were reported among those in the highest income category, which was more notable among the middle aged women (40s and 50s). An inconsistent trend in the rate of participation in cervical cancer screening by occupational level was found. Conclusions : Indicators of socioeconomic position seem to have varying impacts on the inequalities in the rates of participation in cervical cancer screening according to age group. These results demonstrate the need for more aggressive and age-based interventions and policy programs to eliminate the remaining inequalities.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the expenditure behaviors of housewives into some types and to identify the characteristics of the types focucing on diverse expenditure behaviors of urban households. In this study it is assumed that the expenditure behaviors are classified by there factors-(1)the orientation of money saving (2)the orientation of time saving and (3)the orientation of others. The present study suggests following three questions. (1). Can the expenditure behaviors of urban housewives be classified according to the orientation of money saving the orientation of others? (2) What distictions exist among the types? (3) Which variables are useful in classifying the expenditure behaviors? For empirical analysis the data of the study was collected from 650 housewives living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted for data analysis are frequency percentage mean Pearson's correlation coefficient factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA Duncun's multiple ran e test and discriminant analysis. As the major findings 4 types were extracted, According to the level of each dimensions the names for the each type were given as "the type of attaching importance to money saving" "the type of attaching importance to time and appearance" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" In "the type of attaching importance to money saving" the significant portion of housewives have high school degrees and compared with other types this type includes more husbands having sales and service job 55% of housewives of "The type of attaching importance to time and appearance" have graduate or higher degrees. The significant part of earned incomes range from 3 million won to 5 million won. The rate of housewives employed in the professional job is higher than other types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and time" the rate of the employment of housewives in this type is the highest among the types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" the significant portion of housewives have graduate degrees. In the jobs of he spouses the management job is major. The consciousness of belonging to the middle class is higher than other types. In this type the level of education is high but that of income is not. The result of the discriminant analysis says that the earned income and the consciousness of belonging to a calss are the most critical variables to classify the expenditure behaviors into 4 type The accuray of the classification of the discrimination equation composed of these variables is 47,5% The accuracy is improved by 10%.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 1998

본 연구는 소득수준 및 건축년도의 차이가 나타난 서울시의 강남구와 중랑구를 대상으로 토지이용별 녹지면적 및 식생구조의 현황을 분석하고 관련된 문제점과 그 개선책을 모색하였다. 연구대상구들의 토지이용유형비는 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 주거지가 전체면적의 32~37%, 자연지가 19~22%, 교통 및 상공업지가 13~18%, 그리고 공공용지가 13~17%를 점유하였다. 거주와 활동의 중심이 되는 도심주거지 및 상업지에서의 녹지면적은 단지 20~30%에 불과하였다. 도심지(자연지, 농경지 등을 제외한 타토지이용들)에서의 수관점유율은 강남구가 약 39%, 그리고 중랑구가 50%로서, 향후 수목을 식재할 수 있는 잠재력은 강남구에서 약간 더 높았다. 도심지의 수목피도와 교목밀도는 양 구간 별 차이가 없이 각각 13% 및 3주/100m$^{2}$이었다. 양 연구대상구는 유목내지는 성장과정의 수목들이 우점하는 단령구조를 보였고, 직경이 클수록 종다양도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 양 구간 도심지 수종구성의 유사도지수는 0.70으로서 그 유사도가 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 소득 수준 및 건축년도의 차이는 수목피도, 수령구조 등을 포함하는 도심지의 식생구조에 있어 연구대상구간 뚜렷한 차이를 야기시키지는 않았다. 녹지구조의 분석을 통해 나타난 문제점의 개선책은 다층 및 다령구조로 특징지워지는 식생구조으 다양성 확보, 불투수성 면적의 최소화를 통한 도심내 녹지면적의 증대, 과도한 전정의 회피 및 가공선의 지하매설 등으로 요약된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the relationships of the several socioeconomic position indicators with the mortality risk in a representative longitudinal study of South Korea. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted on a cross-sectional probability sample of South Korean households, and it contained unique 13-digit personal identification numbers that were linked to the data on mortality from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Of 5,607 males and females, 264 died between 1999 and 2003. Cox's regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality. Results: Socioeconomic differences in mortality were observed after adjustments were made for gender and age. Compared with those people having college or higher education, those people without any formal education had a greater mortality risk (RR=2.21, 95% CI=1.12-4.40). The mortality risk among manual workers was significantly greater than that for the non-manual workers (RR=2.73, 95% CI=1.47-5.06). A non-standard employment status was also associated with an increase in mortality: temporary or daily workers had a greater mortality risk than did the full-time workers (RR=3.01, 95% CI=1.50-6.03). The mortality risk for the low occupational class was 3.06 times greater than that of the high and middle occupational classes (95% CI=1.75-5.36). In addition, graded mortality differences according to equivalized monthly household income were found. A reduction of monthly household income by 500 thousand Korean Won (about 400 US dollars) was related with a 20% excess risk of mortality. Self-reported poor living standards were also associated with an increased risk of mortality. Those without health insurance had a 3.63 times greater risk of mortality than the insured (95% CI=1.61-8.19). Conclusions: This study showed the socioeconomic differentials in mortality in a national longitudinal study of South Korea. The existence of socioeconomic mortality inequalities requires increased social discussion on social policies in Korean society. Furthermore, the mechanisms for the socioeconomic inequalities of mortality need to be explored in future studies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3427-3435
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• 2012

2010년 베이비부머(baby boomer)의 맏형격인 1955년생이 정년퇴직하는 것을 시작으로 본격적으로 베이비부머 세대들이 현직에서 물러나고 있다. 베이비부머의 퇴직은 발달된 의학기술과 향상된 생활수준 그리고 주변 생활환경의 개선 등으로 인하여 곧 기대수명이 길어진 노인계층으로 진입하는 것을 의미하므로 매년 낮아지는 출산율과 맞물려 고령 사회로의 진입 속도를 더욱 빠르게 하고 있다. 이에 베이비부머 세대들의 진로자기효능감과 관련하여 은퇴준비를 알아보고자 첫째, 월 평균소득과 현재 직업에 따른 은퇴준비의 차이분석 둘째, 진로자기효능감이 은퇴준비에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 본 연구를 위한 설문조사는 2012. 1. 17.~2. 16까지 1개월 동안 서울, 경기, 강원, 충남, 경남, 전남, 제주도 등에 직접방문 및 우편발송으로 베이비부머 세대를 대상으로 총 500부의 설문지를 배포하여 443부가 회수되었고 이 중 유효한 400명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 월 평균소득에 따른 은퇴준비는 경제적, 신체적 요인에서 유의미한 것으로 확인되었으며, 현재 직업에 따른 은퇴준비는 경제적, 신체적, 사회적 등 모든 요인에서 유의한 결과값이 보여졌다. 진로자기효능감이 은퇴준비에 미치는 영향에서는 경제적 요인이 가장 높은 58%의 영향력을 보이며 자기평가, 목표설정, 직업정보, 문제해결의 모든 요인에서 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2022

본 연구는 Health-related quality of life instrument with 8 items (HINT-8)을 중심으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환 (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD) 환자의 건강관련 삶의 질 정도와 영향요인을 파악하기 위해 2019년 국민건강영양조사에서 폐기능 검사를 수행한 만 40세 이상의 성인 중 1초간 노력성 호기량(forced respiratory volume in 1 second, FEV₁) 대 노력성 폐활량(forced vital capacity)을 측정하여 비율이 0.7 미만인 자 중 건강관련 삶의 질 측정도구인 HINT-8에 누락이 있는 3명을 제외한 총 451명을 대상으로 하였다. SAS program을 이용하여 실수와 가중백분율, 평균과 표준편차, 일반선형모델을 이용하여 분석한 결과, HINT-8 index와 EuroQol five-dimensions 3-level version (EQ-5D-3L) index 두 도구 모두 COPD 환자에게서 건강관련 삶의 질을 측정하는 도구로서 적절하였다. HINT-8을 중심으로 COPD 환자의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향요인은 연령, 성별, 소득, 흡연상태, 동반질환, 스트레스, 주관적 건강상태이었다. COPD 환자의 건강관련 삶의 질을 개선하기 위해서는 금연교육 및 스트레스 관리 등이 포함되어야 하며, 고령, 저소득층 등 대상자의 특성에 맞는 개별화된 관리프로그램이 개발되고 적용되어야 할 것이다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2023

본 연구는 청년 1인 가구의 라이프 스타일과 삶의 만족도와의 관계를 알아보고 라이프 스타일과 삶의 만족도와의 관계에서 대인관계의 매개 역할과 부모의 사회·경제적 지위 조절 효과의 영향 관련성 파악을 목적으로 시도한 조사연구이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 남녀 구분 없이 전국의 청년 1인 가구를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사 기관을 통해 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행하여 520명의 대상자 중에서 총 501부를 최종결과분석에 활용하였다. 자료는 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 25.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였으며 적용된 통계기법은 상관분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석, 다중집단 분석, 부트스트랩을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 청년 1인 가구의 라이프 스타일과 삶의 만족도, 대인관계는 유의한 정(+)적인 정(+)적인 상관관계가 있었으며, 라이프 스타일과 삶의 만족도와의 관계에서 대인관계는 매개효과를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 소득과 소득 만족도에서 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 학력, 경제활동, 주택 보유 형태와 계층의식의 조절 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 청년 1인 가구에 대한 제도적 장치를 마련하고 다양한 공동체 프로그램을 개발하는 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다.