• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.42-49
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• 2017

TOUGH2 was used to simulate the migration of $CO_2$ injected into a sandy aquifer. A series of numerical simulations was performed to investigate the effects of a low-permeability layer (LPL) embedded in the aquifer on the injection rate and the pressure distribution of $CO_2$. The results show that the size and location of the LPL greatly affected the spread of $CO_2$. The pressure difference between two points in the aquifer, one each below and above the LPL, increased as the size of the LPL increased, showing a critical value at 200 m, above which the size effect was diminished. The location of the LPL with respect to the injection well also affected the migration of $CO_2$. When the injection well was at the center of the LPL, the injection rate of $CO_2$ decreased by 5.0% compared to the case with no LPL. However, when the injection well was at the edge of the LPL, the injection rate was decreased by only 1.6%. The vertical distance between the injection point and the LPL also affected the injection rate. The closer the LPL was to the injection point, the lower the injection rate was, by up to 8.3%. Conclusively, in planning geologic storage of $CO_2$, the optimal location of the injection well should be determined considering the distribution of the LPL in the aquifer.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.225-235
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• 1996

This study deals with hydraulic characteristics and their effects on upstream migration of fish by the weir type in a pool-weir fishway, and presents an optimal type of weir for an easy upstream migration. Experiment was performed to estimate hydraulic conditions by the weir type and to determine which type was good. The results showed that a rectangular weir with a small rectangular notch installed by a zig-zag type was preferable to a simple weir with no notch or to a trapezoidal weir, since it makes possible for upstream migration even when a water level draws down and moreover, it makes falling flow through a notch which facilitates upstream migration. It was proposed that the notch must be designed that the flow situation may keep the streaming flow so long as the maximum flow velocity does not exceed the critical swiming velocity, i.e., the dimensionless flow rate may exist whthin the range of 0.27 and 0.41.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1997

Background : Patients mover more as their post operative pain decrease. With the increase in movement there will be a tendency for the epidural catheter to migrate out of its original position. We studied 2 methods of fixation of the epidural catheter and the changes in position as related to patient movement. Methods : Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A had their epidural catheter formed with a circular loop at the (skin) exit site then directed over the right shoulder. Group B had the epidural catheter flxed with Fixomull on the exit site without forming a circular loop. At the end of the operation, 3 mg of epidural morphine was injected via indwelling epidural catheter for postoperative pain control. Epidural catheter depth was measured 24 hours later. Results : The overall rate of migration of epidural catheter was 61.9%. In Group A, number of patients whose catheter migrated over 0.5 cm was 23(69.9%) with 14 inward migration and 9 outward migration. Group B had 16(53%) patients catheters migrate over 0.5 cm, with 2 patients having inward migration and 14 outward migration. Conclusions : Although the rates of migration of epidural catheter were similar for both groups, the number of inner migration of catheter, which could result serious complications, was significantly lower in Group B than Group A. Based on our results we recommend the epidural catheter be fixed without a circular loop.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

To grasp the migration characteristics in the Busan Metropolitan Area (BMA), this study analyzed household characteristics and migration selectivity. The major findings of the study are as follows: first, young (especially 25 to 34 years of age) and single person households have greater propensity to migrate out from BMA, and their home ownership rate is low. These trends are much stronger in households that migrate out towards the Seoul Metropolitan Area from Busan. Second, age and educational selectivity of migration is evident. The characteristics of movers are quite different from those of stayers at Busan. Young people are more likely to migrate out of Busan, and higher levels of education are deeply associated with higher mobility. Through analyzing four high schools in Busan, it is acknowledged that most honor students entered 4-year universities in Seoul. The outflow of highly educated young people may induce the brain drain. Busan is undergoing both population decline and the problems caused by the brain drain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.411-421
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• 2011

This study aims to analyze the trend of migration and to find the factors which influence to migration in Chuncheon, Wonju and Gangneung. The results are as follows. First, the employment chance and education chance give positive effect to migration. And it agrees with the results of the preceeding researches. Second, Though the statistical significance is low, the result that urbanized degree gives positive effect to migration indicates the possibility of positive effect of urban convenience to migratioin. Third, the pavement rate of the roads which is substituted for public goods service gives the negative effect to migratioin, though the statistical significance is low. This result shows the possibility that the road building has influenced the extending of traffic distance and the spreading of residence area. In conclusion, this study identifies the positive effect of employment chance and education chance to migration, and the results of this study are supposed to be considered in the regional plan in Gangwon-do.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2002

A multichannel seismic survey was conducted in the southern Ayu Trough which is the only spreading boundary between the Philippine Sea and Caroline plates. The seismic system used in this study comprises of 2.46-l sleeve gun and a 12-channel streamer with a group interval of 6.25m. Migration technique was used to analyze seismic velocity, and poststack depth migration was applied to the stacked data. The sediment thickness obtained from the depth section tends to increase with distance from the spreading axis. Sedimentation rates are poorly constrainted in the study area. The apparent half-spreading rates estimated from the sediment thickness and sedimentation rate from DSDP hole on the caroline plate are 4.7mm/yr and 7.9mm/yr at $1^{\circ}24'N\;and\;0^{\circ}42'N$, respectively, which are fester than Previously suggested. On the basis of new oblique spreading geometry, the recalculated spreading rates are 5.4mm/yr and 9.1mm/yr at $1^{\circ}24'N\;and\;0^{\circ}42'N$, respectively. Seismic sections show that the topography is asymmetric across the Ayu Trough and the acoustic basement is rough. These features are consistent with the earlier suggestion that the Ayu Trough is a slow-spreading divergent boundary. A detailed examination of seismic profiles away from the axis shows that sediments can be divided into two layers which implies a possible change in the spreading rate anuor sedimentation condition during the formation of the trough.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 1974

It is well known fact that many tuberculosis patients have often experienced interuption of treatment while their treatment. Because most of cases were inproved subjective symptome by adequate treatment for 3-6 months and patients misunderstood to be heal completely by their own dicision, It become the cause of emergency of drug resistance and chronic incurable diseases. The author intended to clarify the duration of treatment and its outcome by some characteristics of tuberculosis patients. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The rate of treatment for tuberculosis patients by each duration with 1-6, 7-12, 13-13, 19-24 and 25 or more months were 16, 23, 20, 14 and 25 percents respectively. The duration of treatment increased in patients with advancing age, better educated and registered at health center between 7-12 months after diagnosis for tuberculosis. 2. The rate of complete treatment, defaulters, death and migration were 43, 13, 8, and 10 percents respectively. The rate of complete treatment were high in older, better educated and registered at health center between 7-12 months after diagnosis. The rate of defaulters were high in younger, no educated and registered within 1 month after diagnosis. The rate of death was high in older and migration was high in younger.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2002

As the TSP(Traveling Salesman Problem) belongs to the class of NP-complete problems, various techniques are required for finding optimum or near optimum solution to the TSP. This paper designs a distributed genetic algorithm in order to reduce the execution time and obtain more near optimal using multi-slave model for the TSP. Especially, distributed genetic algorithms with multiple populations are difficult to configure because they are controlled by many parameters that affect their efficiency and accuracy. Among other things, one must decide the number and the size of the populations (demes), the rate of migration, the frequency of migrations, and the destination of the migrants. In this paper, I develop random dynamic migration rate that controls the size and the frequency of migrations. In addition to this, I design new migration policy that selects the destination of the migrants among the slaves

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2777-2783
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of ATAD2 in ovarian tumor tissue as well as its relationship with degree of malignancy. Tumor tissue from 110 cases of ovarian cancer was collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for evaluation of ATAD2 expression iimmunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. The correlation between the ATAD2 expression and and the prognosis of ovarian cancer was evaluated by Cox regression model. In addition, HO-8910 and OVCAR-3 cells were transfected with two siRNAs targeting ATAD2. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay, and cell migration by transwell migration assay. ATAD2 was shown to be highly expressed in 65.5% (72/110) of ovarian cancer cases, both at transcriptional and protein levels. Moreover, highly expression was positively correlated with degree of malignancy. Knock-down of ATAD2 in HO-8910 and OVCAR-3 cells was found to reduce cell migration. In addition, follow-up visits of the patients demonstrated that the 5-year survival rate was lower in patients with high expression of ATAD2. Our study suggested that ovarian tumor tissue may have highly expressed ATAD2, which is associated with tumor stage, omentum-metastasis, ascites and CA-125. Increased ATAD2 may play important roles in tumor proliferation and migration. ATAD2 could serve in particular as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.