• Title/Summary/Keyword: in situ application

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A Study to Develop Optimal Injection System Using ISIS(the In-situ Soil Injection Simulator) (ISIS 시스템을 이용한 최적 그라우팅 시스템 개발 연구)

  • 천병식;김진춘;김경민;이민호;이정훈;김진수;박종근
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2002.03a
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    • pp.619-626
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    • 2002
  • In this study, a correlation among pressure, time and quantity of injection was organized from the laboratory tests, which were executed many times representing in-situ soil conditions carefully and then it would be applied to the in-situ soil injection simulator which will be developed for optimal injection into the ground. The sort of sample soils were both sand(A specimen) and silty sand(B specimen). Injection tests were gone into operation by compaction state, injection velocity and the depth individually. In the ground improved with permeation Infection, the relation among injection pressure of the same depth, the injected quantities and time were systematic by the depth. By defining the limit range of injection pressure and quantity about the variety of a linear equation obtained from lining each of their trend, the application of laboratory injection monitoring program and the data to evaluate its realization were produced. In the ground improved with root type injection, the relation between injection pressure and the injected quantities was irregular because fracture state occurred quickly.

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Database of virtual spectrum of artificial radionuclides for education and training in in-situ gamma spectrometry

  • Yoomi Choi;Young-Yong Ji;Sungyeop Joung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.190-200
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    • 2023
  • As the field of application of in-situ gamma spectroscopy is diversified, proficiency is required for consistent and accurate analysis. In this study, a program was developed to virtually create gamma energy spectra of artificial nuclides, which are difficult to obtain through actual measurements, for training. The virtual spectrum was created by synthesizing the spectra of the background radiation obtained through actual measurement and the theoretical spectra of the artificial radionuclides obtained by a Monte Carlo simulation. Since the theoretical spectrum can only be obtained for a given geometrical structure, representative major geometries for in-situ measurement (ground surface, concrete wall, radioactive waste drum) and the detectors (HPGe, NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce)) were predetermined. Generated virtual spectra were verified in terms of validity and harmonization by gamma spectrometry and energy calibration. As a result, it was confirmed that the energy calibration results including the peaks of the measured spectrum and the peaks of the theoretical spectrum showed differences of less than 1 keV from the actual energies, and that the calculated radioactivity showed a difference within 20% from the actual inputted radioactivity. The verified data were assembled into a database and a program that can generate a virtual spectrum of desired condition was developed.

A Study on the Estimation of Compressive Strength of Ready-mixed Concrete On the basis of Mix-Design (콘크리트 배합표에 의한 현장 콘크리트의 압축강도 추정에 관한 연구)

  • 조홍범;윤상천;지남용
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.257-262
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    • 2001
  • There are only a few tests to ensure concrete quality before placing in domestic situ; One is slump test for workability, the other is air content test for durability, the concrete compressive strength which is one of important factors to influence on concrete Quality has been tested after 28 days placing. Methods on early judgement of concrete strength have been introduced for concrete quality management, but such methods are time consuming, expensive, and required special expertise. Therefore, these have difficulty in situ application for concrete management. This study aimed at reviewing application of estimated equation of compressive strength as means for ready-mixed concrete, making an estimated equation which enables to estimate 28 days compressive strength by using regression formula analysis on basis of mixing designs of ready mixed concrete and results of compressive strength.

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Effect of grain size of Pb(La,Ti)O$_3$thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition for memory device application (메모리 소자 응용을 위한 펄스 레이저 증착법으로 제작된 PLT박막의 열처리 효과 연구)

  • 허창회;심경석;이상렬
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.861-864
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    • 2000
  • Ferroelectric thin film capacitors with high dielectric constant are important for the application of memory devices. In this work, thin films of PLT(28)(Pb$\sub$0.72/La$\sub$0.28/Ti$\sub$0.93/O$_3$) were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrates in-situ annealing and ex-situ annealing have been compared depending on the annealing time. We have systematically investigated the variation of grain sizes depending on the condition of post-annealing and the variation of deposition rate. C-V measurement, ferroelectric properties, leakage current and SEM were performed to investigate the electrical properties and the microstructural properties of Pb(La,Ti)O$_3$.

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Development of an In Situ Direct Shear Test Apparatus and Its Field Application (현장직접전단시험기의 개발 및 현장적용에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Phil;Lee, Young-Kyun;Lee, Sung-Kook;Um, Jeong-Gi
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.181-191
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    • 2011
  • It is very difficult to prepare a lab. test specimen from weak rock masses affected by faults, highly fractured zone or weathered zone. In conventional method of in situ direct shear test a rock block is sheared inside galleries, where reactions for the hydraulic jacks are available. A new in situ direct shear test apparatus has been developed in this study to perform the test inside galleries as well as open pit conditions. The apparatus is composed of normal and shear reaction plates including load transfer plates, hydraulic cylinder systems, load cells, multistage shear boxes with fixing devices, and needle rollers. Maximum size of the test block is $400{\times}400{\times}460$ mm, and procedures of the test block preparation has been suggested. To explore the field applicability of in situ direct shear test apparatus, proper test block site was investigated by extensive geological field survey. In situ direct shear test has been successful in producing most of information related to strength and deformability of the weak rock.

The usability evaluation of domestic urban sewage sludge as feedstock for biodiesel production( I ) - Comparison of the yields and composition of fatty acid methyl esters - (바이오디젤 생산을 위한 원료로서 국내 도시 하수슬러지의 활용성 평가( I ) - 지방산메틸에스테르(FAMEs)의 수율 및 조성 비교 -)

  • Kim, Nack-Joo;Jung, You-Won;Lee, Ik-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to assess the possibility of application of sewage sludge which is the side-product from domestic sewage treatment plant to the materials for biodiesels by investigating the yields and composition of the lipids and fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs) from soxhlet extraction and in-situ transesterification. As the results, yields of in-situ transesterification were higher than soxhlet extraction. In comparison by sewage sludge type, yields of sewage sludge mixed nightsoil or livestock were higher than a single sewage sludge. And maximum yield showed up to 14 wt%. Fatty acid composition of extracted lipids and synthesized FAMEs consists of palmitic acid(C16:0), palmitoleic acid(C16:1), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1), and linoleic acid(C18:2).

Fabrication and Characterization of High Temperature in-situ Ramp-edge Type Josephson Junction (고온초전도체 in-situ ramp-edge 형태의 조셉슨 접합 제작 및 특성)

  • Hur, Yun-Sung;Kim, Jin-Tae;Hwang, Yun-Seok;Lee, Sun-Gul;Park, Gwang-Seo;Kim, In-Seon;Park, Yong-Ki;Park, Jong-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.263-267
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    • 1998
  • In this study, we have fabricated in-situ multilayer $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$/$SrTiO_{3}$/$YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ ramp edge type junctions by using a metal mask and pulsed laser deposition method and studied the junction properties. The junctions showed RSJ-like I-V characteristics. The normal state junction resistance R, of $18 \omega$ was nearly constant with temperature. The dc-SQUID sensors fabricated with the junctions show a sensitivity that transfer function dV/$d\Phi$)~$22\mu$V/$\Phi_{0}$, indicating that the in-situ ramp edge type junction is potentially useful for sensor application.

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of In-Situ Carbonation in Floor Dry Cement Mortar Applications (바닥용 건조시멘트 모르타르 배합 내 In-situ 탄산화 적용을 위한 CO2 주입 특성 및 물리적 특성 검토)

  • Kim, Jin-Sung;Cho, Sung-Hyun;Kim, Chun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2024
  • In-situ carbonation technology represents a form of mineral carbonation that integrates CO2 into the fabrication process of cementitious construction materials, capturing CO2 as calcium carbonate(CaCO3) through a reaction between calcium ions(Ca2+) and CO2 released during cement hydration. This investigation examines the application of in-situ carbonation technology to a variety of floor dry cement mortar formulations commonly used in local construction projects. It assesses the effects of varying the CO2 injection flow rate and total volume of CO2 injected. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of reducing the quantity of cement used as a binder on the final product's quality.

Effect of annealing of Pb(La,Ti)$O_3$ thin films by Pulsed laser deposition process (펄스 레이저 증착법으로 제작된 PLT박막의 열처리 효과 연구)

  • Hur, Chang-Hoi;Shim, Kyung-Suk;Lee, Sang-Yeol
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.07c
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    • pp.1483-1484
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    • 2000
  • Dielectric thin films of PLT(Pb(La.Ti)O3) for the application of highly integrated memory devices have been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates in situ by pulsed laser deposition(PLD). We have systematically investigated the variation of grain sizes depending on the condition of post-annealing and the variation of deposition rate. Both in-situ annealing and ex-situ annealing have been compared depending on the annealing time. C-V measurement, ferroelectric properties, leakage current and SEM were performed to investigate the electrical properties and the microstructural properties of Pb(La,Ti)$O_3$ films.

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Automated 3D scoring of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a confocal whole slide imaging scanner

  • Ziv Frankenstein;Naohiro Uraoka;Umut Aypar;Ruth Aryeequaye;Mamta Rao;Meera Hameed;Yanming Zhang;Yukako Yagi
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.51
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    • pp.4.1-4.12
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    • 2021
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique to visualize specific DNA/RNA sequences within the cell nuclei and provide the presence, location and structural integrity of genes on chromosomes. A confocal Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanner technology has superior depth resolution compared to wide-field fluorescence imaging. Confocal WSI has the ability to perform serial optical sections with specimen imaging, which is critical for 3D tissue reconstruction for volumetric spatial analysis. The standard clinical manual scoring for FISH is labor-intensive, time-consuming and subjective. Application of multi-gene FISH analysis alongside 3D imaging, significantly increase the level of complexity required for an accurate 3D analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish automated 3D FISH scoring for z-stack images from confocal WSI scanner. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, successfully employs 3D calculations for clear individual cell nuclei segmentation, gene signals detection and distribution of break-apart probes signal patterns, including standard break-apart, and variant patterns due to truncation, and deletion, etc. The analysis was accurate and precise when compared with ground truth clinical manual counting and scoring reported in ten lymphoma and solid tumors cases. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, is objective and more efficient than the conventional procedure. It enables the automated counting of more nuclei, precisely detecting additional abnormal signal variations in nuclei patterns and analyzes gigabyte multi-layer stacking imaging data of tissue samples from patients. Currently, we are developing a deep learning algorithm for automated tumor area detection to be integrated with SHIMARIS PAFQ.