• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to investigate the current conditions and to analysis the needs of health education contents in school nurses and elementary school children. Methods : The survey was conducted through the questionnaire with school nurses and students. Subjects were 60 school nurse and 1483 elementary school children. Data was collected based on the from Mar to Apr. 2004. Finally, data was analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test. Results : The students need the health education related safety, oral hygiene, visual promotion, scoliosis prevention, cyber addiction prevention, anti-bullying and school violence prevention. School nurses suggest the contents of health education such as sex education, drug misuse and overuse prevention. There was also a difference in the need of health education among the school nurse and students. Conclusion：I suggest that health education should be conducted taking students' demand in each grade into consideration. School nurses need to positively improve the priorities of health education based on the students' demand.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen consumption measurements were performed on 15 middle school boys (age: mean 14.0, range: $13{\sim}16$ years) and 14 high school boys (age: mean 17.4, range: $16{\sim}19$ years). General body build was greater in the high school boys and absolute values of body height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, maximal oxygen uptake, and maximal pulmonary ventilation followed the same trend. Considered on the basis of body build, however, the values of high school boys were not always greater than those of middle school boys. The following results were obtained. 1. Maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was 2.11 l/min., 53.7ml/kg b. weight, 13.9 ml/cm body height, and 63.7 ml/kg LBM. In high school boys the values were: 2.86 l/min., 52.7 ml/kg b.wt., 17.5 ml/cm b. height, and 57.9 ml/kg LBM. Thus, middle school boys were superior to high school boys on body weight and lean body mass basis. They were also superior to the European boys of the same age. 2. The ratio of maximal oxygen uptake to resting value was 9.7 in middle school boys, and 10.8 in high school boys. 3. Maximal pulmonary ventilation in middle school boys was 58.0 l/min., and 84.0 l/min. in high school boys. The ratio of maximal ventilation to resting value was the same as oxygen uptake, namely, 9.7 in middle school boys and 10.7 in high school boys. 4. Ventilation equivalent in middle school boys was 27.5 and 29.3 in high school boys. These values represent values of untrained male subjects. 5. Maximal heart rate in high school boys reached to 193 beat/min. and is 2.9 times that of resting heart rate. 6. Maximal oxygen pulse in high school boys was 16.6 ml/beat and was same as that of untrained subject. 7. Correlation between body weight and maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was r=0.570, and r=0.162 in high school boys. Correlation between lean body mass in middle school boys was r=0.499, and r=0.158 in high school boys. Interrelation between body weight and maximal pulmonary ventilation was poor. 8. The differences between trained and untrained subjects were discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.341-352
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• 2008

The number of school lunch-supported children who belong to low-income families has been rapidly increased in Korea. This study was aimed at evaluation of nutritional status of school lunch-supported elementary school children. One hundred school lunch-supported children and 119 non-supported children of fourth to sixth year class in 3 elementary schools in Gyeongbuk rural area were selected, and surveys were conducted twice, i.e., once during school term and once during summer vacation in 2006. Food consumption survey during school term was carried out through an interview by dieticians at school-lunch time using a 24-hour recall method, and the survey during summer vacation conducted by recording food intakes for three days by children. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 program. School lunch-supported children showed higher rate of skipping breakfast and rather irregular meal time as compared to non-supported students. Eating alone was more frequent in school lunch-supported children than in nonsupported children. The average nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratios were lower in supported children than in non-supported children. During term, percentages of nutrient intakes provided by school-lunch were higher in supported children than in non-supported children. Intakes of energy nutrients were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, but proportion of carbohydrate intake increased during vacation. Analysis of patterns of food intakes based on major food groups (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable) indicated that meals during term were more balanced as compared to meals during vacation. In conclusion, food behaviors and nutrient intakes of school lunchsupported children were inferior to those of non-supported children during term and during summer vacation. They were provided with more nutrient intakes from school lunch during term as compared to non-supported children. Therefore, it is necessary not only to keep meal support program during vacation but also to provide a proper nutrition education as a part of school lunch program to improve nutritional status and food behaviors of school lunch-supported children.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-185
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• 2004

Objectives： The rate of adolescent smoking is important because lead to adult smoking. And early onset of smoking is associated with chronic disease in adult life. The purpose of this study is to describe the smoking status of adolescents and identify the risk factors for smoking in each school. Methods： We selected the participant schools that are located in Yang-cheon Gu, Seoul, Korea, considering the social economic status. The subjects were included 719elementary school students,1,251 middle school students and 1,513 high school students. Self-reported questionnaires were administrated between December 16 and December 24 , 2002. Students were informed in writing that the survey was voluntary. The response rate was 98.7, 81.1 and 95.4 in elementary, middle, and high school, respectively. Results： The results of this study were as follows： 1) Students who have attempted to smoke were 8.8% in elementary school, 29.3% in middle school and 35.0% in high school. 2) The current smokers were 2.0%, 7.9% and 11.5% in elementary, middle and high school, respectively. 3) In elementary school, smoking of mends and physical health were significantly predicted the attempt to smoke. Stress, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking were associated with the attempt to smoke of middle school students. In high school, the attempt to smoke was related to gender, maternal education, depression, school performance, smoking of brothers, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking. 4) Current smoking was associated with smoking of mends and binge drinking in middle school and gender, school performance, smoking of brothers, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking in high school in multiple logistic regression. Conclusion： There is a need for health education and specific strategies to help adolescents prevent from smoking. Smoking prevention programs which include risk-taking behavior such as alcohol, method of copying with stress, and supporting environment were required.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.54-69
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate the need for school uniform recycling and to review the school uniform recycling-related education. 231 female high school students were asked to answer regarding the wearing state of school uniform and their satisfaction level. 10 subjects in middle school technology/home economy were evaluated. As the result, the students wore 1~2 pieces of school uniform, which showed that it was hard to keep them clean by washing them often. The satisfaction level of school uniform was not high, The lowest item was the price. Therefore, to increase the satisfaction level of the school uniforms and also to increase the sanitary level of the school uniforms, it was advisable to purchase a recycled school uniform at cheaper prices to have an extra set. For a vitalization of the recycled school uniforms, the middle school technology/home economy subjects were reviewed. In the topic of "clothing acquisition plan and purchase", the themes of planned purchase, overconsumption of clothing and environmental pollution were discussed and included preferable behaviors for disposal. The topic of "clothing manufacturing and recycling" listed recycling the clothes that are not worn or exchanging them with neighbors as well as suggesting methods to illicit environment-friendly behaviors and carrying them out. However, some textbooks only briefly explained the methods of recycling and more detailed and practical methods need to be suggested in the curriculum. In addition, the contents regarding the environment in the clothing topic need to be supplemented more and more changes, such as related education plans or data development, are required. The objectives of this study were to investigate the need for school uniform recycling and to review the school uniform recycling-related education. 231 female high school students were asked to answer regarding the wearing state of school uniform and their satisfaction level. 10 subjects in middle school technology/home economy were evaluated. As the result, the students wore 1~2 pieces of school uniform, which showed that it was hard to keep them clean by washing them often. The satisfaction level of school uniform was not high, The lowest item was the price. Therefore, to increase the satisfaction level of the school uniforms and also to increase the sanitary level of the school uniforms, it was advisable to purchase a recycled school uniform at cheaper prices to have an extra set. For a vitalization of the recycled school uniforms, the middle school technology/home economy subjects were reviewed. In the topic of "clothing acquisition plan and purchase", the themes of planned purchase, overconsumption of clothing and environmental pollution were discussed and included preferable behaviors for disposal. The topic of "clothing manufacturing and recycling" listed recycling the clothes that are not worn or exchanging them with neighbors as well as suggesting methods to illicit environment-friendly behaviors and carrying them out. However, some textbooks only briefly explained the methods of recycling and more detailed and practical methods need to be suggested in the curriculum. In addition, the contents regarding the environment in the clothing topic need to be supplemented more and more changes, such as related education plans or data development, are required.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for developing science textbooks and curriculum. The textbooks of elementary and secondary school Science were analyzed for their animal-related learning contents. Among learning materials, 165 kinds of animals were presented in Science of elementary school textbooks (37 kinds in Inquiry life, 162 kinds in Science), 167 kinds in Science of middle school, 486 kinds of high school (172 kinds in Science of high school, 180 kinds in Biology I, 366 kinds in Biology II). There are most kinds of animals in Biology II textbooks than in other textbooks. It was appeared that animal species were diverse in order of Class Insecta, Mammalia, Aves in the elementary school Science textbooks, Mammalia, Insecta, Aves in the middle school, Mammalia, Aves, Pisces in the high school.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.147-161
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the following contents： 1. Relationship between clothing behavior(modesty, conformity, importance) and clothing regulations of school girls. 2. The differences between middle school girls and high school girls in clothing behavior and in attitude toward clothing regulations. 3. The differences between students herself norms and subiective norms(the students thoughts which would be parents opinions and teachers opinions) in attitude toward clothing regulations. Questionnaires were designed and administered to 300 middle school girls and 302 high school girls in Inchon. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficients, t-test, F-test, and Duncan test. The results of the study were summarized as follows： 1. As tho the differences in responses between school levels, the high school girls showed higher interest in conformity. But there is no differences in Modesty and Importance by school levels. 2. As tho the differences in responses between school levels, there were no differences in attitude toward clothing regulations. But according by types of clothing regulations, high school girls showed higher desire in shoes and sack. 3. In correlation coefficients between the variables on clothing behaviors and the attitudes toward clothing regulations of school girls, modesty is the most related toward clothing regulations of school girls and conformity, importance the next. The higher the school girls are in modesty, the more follow the clothing regulations. And the higher the school girls are in conformity and importance, the lower follow the clothing regulations. 4. The differences between students herself norms and subjective norms(the students thoughts which would be parents opinions and teachers opinions), students and parents showed lower scores than teachers. That is tho say, teachers put more restrictions on students clothing than parents do.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.899-910
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school students' school uniform wearing attitude by group according to clothing attitude targeting Gyeongnam area. This study aims to provide preliminary data in the field of school uniform and marketing that clothing propensity by groups is considered. This study conducted a survey targeting 762 high school students in Gyeongnam. For statistical analysis, SPSS for Window 14.0 was used for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple sponse analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA analysis and Duncan's ex-post analysis method. As a result of cluster analysis on the clothing attitude, students were divided into 4 segmentation of fashion seeking group, fashion indifference group, conformity group and modesty group. As a result of verification on the difference in perception toward wearing school uniform by groups which were classified according to the propensity of clothing attitude, activity, stability, and practicality were all varied according to the propensity of clothing attitude. 4 groups were significant differences in the degree of consent to wearing school uniform, price of school uniforms, tendency to prefer famous brand when purchasing school uniform, experience of transforming school uniform, opinion about school uniform modification and reason for school uniform modification. While low graders were many in 'modesty group', upper graders were many in 'fashion seeking group', which means that more segmentalized satisfaction of clothing by group may be raised if such a fact is considered when planning clothing for high school students segmentalized by age.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

Reports on population movement(2000-2030) by the National Statistical Office show that the number of elementary school age population will be decreased by 1.4million from 2005 to 2020. It will effect both school size and the policies for school facilities, which have focused on downsizing class as the high standard of OECD nations. As the unfolding evidence is emerging that a number of schools and classes will be emptied out by 2030. This study aims at developing a model for evaluating the validity of school establishment, which would help more reasonable decision-making for new school construction and the class extension in the existing schools. It classifies two different ways in founding a new school - school establishment in a residential developing site and school establishment for solving a overcrowd class. It proposes the assesment items and the methods for evaluating its validity. In the end, it suggests an assesment model which the district educational offices can use in the course of planning the student accomodations to schools and making decisions for new school construction and the class extension in the existing schools. This study would be expected to help the reasonable expenditure for school facilities and to restrict overbuilding of surplus classes.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.385-399
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of nutritional education among school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers at an elementary school. Questionnaires were distributed to 450 subjects (150 school nutrition teachers, 150 school administrators, and 150 parents) from June 15 to June 30, 2009, and 309 (84 school nutrition teachers, 104 administrators, and 121 parents) were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, school nutrition teachers' perceived level (4.54) of importance of nutritional education was significantly (P<0.001) higher compared to school administrators (4.10) and parents (3.97). Second, demand for revitalization of nutritional education as perceived by parents (3.23) was significantly (P<0.001) higher compared to school nutrition teachers (2.61) and school administrators (2.51). Third, parents' satisfaction level of elementary school nutritional education was 3.23, followed by those of school administrators (2.83) and school nutrition teachers (2.50). There were significant differences in terms of satisfaction of elementary school nutritional education between school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers (P<0.001). Fourth, school nutrition teachers' demand for revitalization of nutritional education was significantly (P<0.001) higher at 4.24 compared to both parents (3.76) and school administrators (3.46). Fifth, with regards to bolstering nutritional education in elementary schools, it was deemed necessary for each school to have a school nutrition teacher. In conclusion, perception of nutritional education varied among school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers. In conclusion, a communication network between school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers should be established for revitalization of nutritional education at elementary schools.