• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

In this paper, in order to analyze lightning impulse response characteristics in combined installations of SPDs and RCDs, surge protection coordination between SPDs and RCDs are experimentally investigated by using the combination wave generator. Six different types of single-phase residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses(RCBOs) being present on the domestic market are tested according to KS C IEC 61009-1 standard. As a result, when a class I SPD is located on the source side of an RCBO, all kinds of specimens are able to provide the proper coordination between the SPD and RCBOs without nuisance tripping, unintended operation or damage due to test impulse currents. However, in the case that the class II SPD is located on the load side of RCBOs, a lot of L-N mode injected currents is split into the RCBO, and a few RCBOs are damaged. Coordination between SPDs and RCDs is not valid and a role of SPDs is of no use. When combining SPDs with RCDs, it is necessary to select SPDs and RCDs in consideration of the protection voltage level of metal oxide varistor embedded in RCDs.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Shchelkin 나선으로 알려진 나선형 난류고리가 아세틸렌-산소 혼합기의 데토네이션파의 성능에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 고속응답 압력 트랜스듀서로 측정된 압력 피크의 시간차를 이용하여 데토네이션파 속도를 산출하였다. 또한 추력대를 이용해 데토네이션파의 강도를 측정하여 나선형 난류고리가 연소성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. CFD를 이용하여 간접적으로 유량을 산출하고, 최대 충진률을 위한 최소 충진시간을 도출하였다. 아세틸렌-산소 추진제의 당량비 2.4에서 최대속도 및 압력을 나타냈으며, CEA로 계산된 C-J 속도와 유사한 값을 보였다. 짧은 연소기와 짧은 나선형 난류고리를 사용하는 경우에 최대의 데토네이션파 속도를 나타냈지만, 반대로 난류고리를 사용하지 않은 긴 연소기에서 최대 추력성능을 보였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 차동 링 발진기의 위상 잡음 특성을 향상시키기 위해 선형성을 개선한 차동 지연 셀을 소개한다. 기존의 가변 부하 저항을 사용한 차동 링 발진기는 넓은 주파수 튜닝 영역을 갖는 대신 가변 부하저항으로 사용한 MOSFET 소자의 비선형성으로 인해 위상 잡음 특성이 좋지 않았다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해, 가변 부하 저항의 선형성을 개선한 새로운 차동 지연 셀을 제안하였다. 제안한 지연 셀의 가변 부하 저항은 기존의 가변 부하 저항 보다 30%이상 선형성을 개선하였음을 확인하였다. 위상 잡음 특성을 비교하기 위해, Ali Hajimiri가 제안한 링 발진기의 위상 잡음 모델을 사용하였다. 제안한 지연 셀로 차동 링 발진기를 구성하여 위상 잡음 특성을 구한 결과, 같은 발진 주파수와 같은 전력소모에서 기존의 링 발진기보다 2∼3㏈c/㎐ 이상의 위상 잡음 특성이 향상된 결과를 얻게 되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2012

The conventional medium and large caliber gun, in general, utilize the hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism to control the firing impulse and to return to the battery position. However, this kind of mechanism may cause the problems like the leakages and the property changes in oil and gas due to the temperature variations between low and high temperatures. Accordingly, the friction spring mechanism has recently been researched as an alternative system. The friction spring mechanism consists of a set of closed inner and outer rings with the concentric tapered contact surfaces assembled in the columnar form, and can only be used under the compression load. When the spring column is axially loaded, the tapered surfaces become overlapped, causing the outer rings to expand while the inner rings are being contracted in diameter allowing an axial displacement. Because of friction between tapered contact surfaces, much higher spring stiffness is obtained on the stroke at the increase in load than the stroke at the decrease. In this paper, the dynamic equations regarding the friction spring system and the design approach have been investigated. It is also tried for a dynamic model representing the recoil motion and the friction spring forces. And the model has been proved from firing test using a gun system with friction springs. All the results show that the recoil mechanism using friction springs can substitute for the classic hydro-pneumatic recoil system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2005

Recently, polymer insulators that are used for high voltage applications have some advantages such as light weight, small size, vandalism resistance, hydrophobicity and easy making process. During outdoor service of polymer insulators, the surface of the insulating material is frequently subjected to moisture and contamination that lead to dry band arcing. Their tracking resistance, erosion resistance, end sealing and shed design are very important because dry band arcing causes degradation of polymer surface. Aging test to estimate life property of polymer insulator is executed through several international standard such as IEC 61109 and CEA tracking wheel test, but is not getting clear conclusion yet. There are two methods in the diagnosis method of polymer insulator such as off-line and on-line. The diagnosis methods in off-line are external condition analysis by the eye, contaminant analysis on surface, surface analysis, pollution withstand voltage test, power frequency flashover voltage test, lightning impulse flashover test, tensile fracture load test and flexural load test. Polymer material is also investigated it's tracking resistance by adding surface active agent in IEC 587. In this paper, the tracking performance of polymer insulator with salt solution which is added surface active agent. The diagnosis of insulator sample has been analyzed by leakage current and visual examination, STRI guide and thermal image camera.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2010

Monitoring and economical design of alternative energy generators such as wind turbines is becoming increasingly critical; however acquisition of the dynamic output data can be a time-consuming and costly process. In recent years, low-cost wireless sensors have emerged as an enabling technology for structural monitoring applications. In this study, wireless sensor networks are installed in three operational turbines in order to demonstrate their efficacy in this unique operational environment. The objectives of the first installation are to verify that vibrational (acceleration) data can be collected and transmitted within a turbine tower and that it is comparable to data collected using a traditional tethered system. In the second instrumentation, the wireless network includes strain gauges at the base of the structure. Also, data is collected regarding the performance of the wireless communication channels within the tower. In both turbines, collected wireless sensor data is used for off-line, output-only modal analysis of the ambiently (wind) excited turbine towers. The final installation is on a turbine with embedded braking capabilities within the nacelle to generate an "impulse-like" load at the top of the tower. This ability to apply such a load improves the modal analysis results obtained in cases where ambient excitation fails to be sufficiently broad-band or white. The improved loading allows for computation of true mode shapes, a necessary precursor to many conditional monitoring techniques.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1999

대체로 황천 운행 시 선체와 파도의 상대적인 운동에 의하여 발생하는 파랑충격하중을 고려하여 선수 구조부를 설계하고 있다. 선수 구조부의 파랑충격현상은 대단히 복잡한 현상을 나타내고 있고 정확하게 규명하기 어렵기 때문에 경험적인 설계에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 첫 단계로서 동적 비선형 범용 프로그램 LS/DYNA3D를 이용하여 선수 구조부의 손상 자료로부터 역으로 파랑충격하중을 추정하고, 파랑충격압력 곡선의 극치, 지속시간, 후부높이, 극치발생시간 등과 같은 특징에 대한 파라메트 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 파랑충격하중에 대한 구조물의 동적 거동은 주로 충격압력역적에 의하여 영향을 받고, 또한 구조물에 최대 변형이 발생하기 이전에 가하여진 충격압력역적이 거동에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2022

최근 폭발사고의 빈도수가 증가함에 따라 주요 구조부재의 손상을 저감시킬 수 있는 방호 구조물 설계에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나, 방호 구조물의 방호성능에 대한 국내 연구는 아직 미진한 실정이며, 아직 설계 가이드라인도 충분히 갖추어지지 못한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 FRP 시트 보강유무를 변수로 하여 RC 방호벽에 대한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 해석은 LS-DYNA 프로그램을 활용하여 수행되었으며, 해석을 통해 RC 방호벽과 FRP 시트로 보강된 RC 방호벽의 변위-시간이력곡선, 압력-충격량 도표, 취약도 곡선을 도출하였다. FRP 시트 보강방법은 RC 방호벽의 방호성능을 향상시키는데 매우 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 폭발하중의 크기가 클수록 RC 방호벽에 대한 FRP 시트의 보강효과는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

In-cylinder flows such as tumble and swirl play an important role on the engine combustion efficiencies and emission formations. The tumble flow, which is dominant in current high performance gasoline engines, is able to effect fuel consumptions and emissions under a partial load condition in addition to the volumetric efficiency under a wide open throttle condition. Therefore, it is important to optimize the tumble ratio of a gasoline engine for better fuel economy, lower emissions, and maximum volumetric efficiency. First step for optimizing a tumble ratio is to measure a tumble ratio accurately. For a tumble ratio measurement, many different methods have been developed and used such as steady flow rig, PIV, PTV, and LDV. However, it is not well known about the relations among the measured tumble ratios using different methods. The purpose of this research is to correlate the tumble ratios measured using three different methods and find out merits and demerits of each measurement method. In this research the tumble flow was measured, compared, and correlated using three different measurement methods at the same engine: steady flow rig; 2-dimensional PIV; and 3-dimensional PTV water flow rig.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

TMED(Transmission Mounted Electric Device) parallel hybrid configuration can realize EV(Electric Vehicle) mode by disengaging the clutch between an engine and a transmission-mounted motor to improve efficiencies of low load driving and regenerative braking. In the EV mode, however, jerk can be induced since there are insufficient damping elements in the drive-train. Though the jerk gives demoralizing influence upon driving comport, adding a physical damper is not applicable due to constraints of the layout. This study suggests the jerk reduction control, composed of active damping method and torque profiling method, to suppress the jerk without hardware modification. The former method creates a virtual damper by generating absorbing torque in the opposite direction of the oscillation. The latter method reduces impulse on the mated gear teeth of the drive-train by limiting the gradient of traction torque when the direction of the torque is reversed. To validate the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, a series of vehicle tests are carried out and it is observed that the amplitude of the oscillation can be reduced by up to 83%.