• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2024

Green manure crops have a variety of benefits, including improving soil fertility, removing soil salinity, enhancing soil aeration and moisture regulation, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, reducing nitrous oxide emissions, reducing herbicide use through weed-suppressive effects, promoting agricultural ecosystem protection and carbon dioxide absorption capacity. To find ways to increase the germination rate of legumes and green manure crop seeds, which are imported in large quantities every year. It was carried out that two seed priming methods, osmotic priming and heat treatment, and compared their effects. Heat treatment was treated for 10 minutes at 40℃ or 60℃, followed by rinsing with water. Osmotic priming was applied for 30 seconds in a saline solution with a specific gravity of 1.13. Overall, there was no significant difference in the final germination rate, but it was found that osmotic priming and heat treatment affected the germination speed. However, applying heat treatment and osmotic priming simultaneously did not affect the germination characteristics. Therefore, it is suggested that heat treatment and osmotic priming can increase the germination speed of soybean and green manure crops.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Four children's cosmetic sets were purchased online, labeled for use from 4 years of age, and 81 components of each were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, and mercury by inductive coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP - MS). The average metal concentrations were as follows: 0.82 ㎍/g for lead, 0.03 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.97 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.52 ㎍/g for antimony, 2.32 ㎍/g for nickel and 0.01 ㎍/g for mercury which was lower than the acceptable standards for all products. Higher mean values of lead, antimony, cobalt, and copper were detected in imported than domestic products (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the average values of heavy metals according to the type of cosmetics (p < 0.05), with eyeshadow showing the highest mean values of arsenic 2.47 ㎍/g, nickel 6.36 ㎍/g, and chromium 11.06 ㎍/g. and the highest mean concentrations were 1.20 ㎍/g for lead, 1.17 ㎍/g for antimony, and 23.60 ㎍/g for copper in blusher. The levels of cobalt in the 81 children's cosmetics were ND ~ 5.23 ㎍/g, copper were ND ~ 379.61 ㎍/g, and chromium were detected ND ~ 36.95 ㎍/g, respectively. Brown colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentrations of nickel and cobalt. Purple-colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentration of lead and chromium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2024

Given the recent increases in feed cost, the demand for rice straw has been increasing on dairy farms because it is cheaper than expensive imported forages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of rice straw feeding on the growth and productivity of dairy heifers. This study compared how feeding tall fescue and rice straw affects the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost of heifers. we compared the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost for each group during the breeding period. Body height was higher in the tall fescue-fed group than in the rice straw-fed group (p<0.05). The length of the growing stage was significantly shorter in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001) and the age at calving also showed a significant reduction in the tall fescue group compared to the rice straw group (p<0.001). However, the feed cost was lower in the rice straw group because of the difference in the unit price of forage (p<0.001). Based on these results, during the growing period, the rice straw group had delays in growth and the age at first calving compared to the tall fescue group, but also had reduced feed costs in the short term.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2023

Coal-fired power plants handle large quantities of coal, one of the most prominent NORM, and the coal ash produced after the coal is burned can be tens of times more radioactive than the coal. Workers in these industries may be exposed to internal exposure by inhalation of particles while handling NORM. This study evaluated the size, concentration, particle shape and density, and radioactivity concentrations of airborne suspended particles in the main processes of a coal-fired power plant. Finally, the internal radiation dose to workers from particle inhalation was evaluated. For this purpose, airborne particles were collected by size using a multi-stage particle collector to determine the size, shape, and concentration of particles. Samples of coal and coal ash were collected to measure the density and radioactivity of particles. The dose conversion factor and annual radionuclide inhalation amount were derived based on the characteristics of the particles. Finally, the internal radiation dose due to particle inhalation was evaluated. Overall, the internal radiation dose to workers in the main processes of coalfired power plants A and B ranged from 1.47×10^-5~1.12×10^-3 mSv y^-1. Due to the effect of dust generated during loading operations, the internal radiation dose of fly ash loading processes in both coal-fired power plants A and B was higher than that of other processes. In the case of workers in the coal storage yard at power plants A and B, the characteristic values such as particle size, airborne concentration, and working time were the same, but due to the difference in radioactivity concentration and density depending on the origin of the coal, the internal radiation dose by origin was different, and the highest was found when inhaling coal imported from Australia among the five origins. In addition, the main nuclide contributing the most to the internal radiation dose from the main processes in the coal-fired power plants was thorium due to differences in dose conversion factors. However, considering the external radiation dose of workers in coal-fired power plants presented in overseas research cases, the annual effective dose of workers in the main processes of power plants A and B does not exceed 1mSv y^-1, which is the dose limit for the general public notified by the Nuclear Safety Act. The results of this study can be utilized to identify the internal exposure levels of workers in domestic coal-fired power plants and will contribute to the establishment of a data base for a differential safety management system for NORM-handling industries in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2024

The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), which is native to North America, started to be imported into South Korea as pets in the 1990s. The turtle was sold in supermarkets and pet shops nationwide at low prices such as 20 USD. These non-native turtles, with their large size and strong predatory nature, have been consistently discovered in the wild in South Korea beginning in 2014, and they were designated as an ecosystem-disturbing species (EDS) in October 2022. Until June 30, 2023, a collection system was implemented to reduce the abandonment problem of C. serpentina due to their designation as an EDS. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of the legal designation as an ecologically disturbing species and the collection system of C. serpentina on their abandonment and surrender. Our findings showed that designation as EDS did not affect the abandonment of C. serpentina. Meanwhile, the collection system led to cases of immediate surrender. Within 3 years of post-purchase, 41.8% of the turtles were surrendered, and 67.5% were surrendered when they reached 3kg. Determining the impact of the legal designation as an EDS may be currently limited due to the difficulty of detecting C. serpentina in the wild. On the other hand, cases of surrender through the collection system are considered to be effective as they have been shown to reduce the abandonment of this newly designated ecosystem-disturbing species.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2023

LNG is a representative imported cargo at Incheon Port and has a relatively high contribution to the increase/decrease in overall cargo volume at Incheon Port. In addition, in the view point of nationwide, LNG is the one of the most important key resource to supply the gas and generate electricity. Thus, it is very essential to identify the factors that have impact on the demand fluctuation and build the appropriate forecasting model, which present the basic information to make balance between supply and demand of LNG and establish the plan for power generation. In this study, different to previous research based on macroscopic annual data, the weekly demand of LNG is converted from the cargo volume unloaded by LNG carriers. We have identified the periodicity and correlations among internal and external factors of demand variability. We have identified the input factors for predicting the LNG demand such as seasonality of weekly cargo volume, the peak power demand, and the reserved capacity of power supply. In addition, in order to predict LNG demand, considering the characteristics of the data, time series prediction with weekly LNG cargo volume as a dependent variable and prediction through an artificial neural network model were made, the suitability of the predictions was verified, and the optimal model was established through error comparison between performance and estimates.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

The sensory characteristics of imported (two dry, two sweet, and one medium dry wines) and domestic (one sweet wine) red wine were evaluated by 250 panels. The preferences of aroma, color, sweetness, tartness, astringency, and overall acceptability were determined by 5-point just-about-right scale. Among six wines, B sample obtained the highest mean overall acceptability score of 3.67 and its chemical and sensory characteristics were as follow: cherry or strawberry aroma, 9.4 brix, 3.7% of sugar content, pH 3.5, 10% of ethanol, 0.14% of tannin, 5.74 mg/mL of total organic acids, and color of $L(12.04{\pm}0.01)$, $a(33.90{\pm}0.19)$, and $b(8.22{\pm}0.00)$. These results revealed that Korean consumers generally prefer sweet taste to dry one, flat taste to bitter one, and fruity aroma to others. Panels preferred a red wine containing high sugar content of $5{\sim}10%$. On the other hand, panels showed low preference to the wine containing tannin above 0.16%. However, these general trends were slightly varied depending on their ages and consuming frequencies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1079-1088
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• 2003

This study was conducted to test the efficacy of the automatic liquid feeder(designated as NLRI) developed by National Livestock Research Institute, Korea for 7-day old early-weaning piglets. The other automatic liquid feeder imported from USA(designated as IALF) was used for a comparative purpose. A total of sixty piglets of 7 days of age were allotted to three treatments. The control group of 20 piglets was raised by their own sows until 21 days of age, while others were shifted to automatic liquid feeders of either NLRI or IALF on 7 days of age and reared during 14 days post-weaning. After then, all the piglets were fed nutritionally identical mash diets until 70 days of age. Compared with control group, body weight of piglets reared on automatic liquid feeders were lighter(P〈0.05) at 21 days of age [5.55kg (control) vs 4.97 (NLRI) and 4.98kg (IALF)], while heavier(P〈0.05) at 70 days of age(24.82kg vs 30.17 and 29.42kg). The results indicated that pigs reared on liquid feeding showed higher(P〈0.05) average daily gain than control pigs during the whole experimental period [346.7g (control) vs 425.8 (NLRI) and 416.1g (IALF)], while no difference was found in feed/gain (1.67 vs 1.78 and 1.84). There was no difference in growth performance and incidence of diarrhea between two automatic liquid feeders, NLRI and IALF. Compared with control group, intestinal villi tended to be shorter in liquid feeding group during the first week, but were recovered within two weeks. The results suggest that the automatic liquid feeder newly developed by National Livestock Research Institute, Korea can be successfully used for rearing young piglets weaned at very early age.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

Promoting the organic farming, much of the plant extracts used for controlling pests and fungi have been imported from China, India and Myanmar. But, it is so worrisome that aquatic animals such as muddy loach inhabiting in paddy field and common carps in river exposed to the pests and fungi likely be harmed. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the risks of aquatic animals influenced by the three plant extracts, i.e. Sophora flavescens, Azadirachta indica and Derris elliptica. The toxicities of common carp (Cyprinus Carpio), muddy loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and PEC (Predicted environmental concentration) exposed to the three plant extracts were estimated by the typical spray volume method. Risks were determined by the toxicity value as 48-hr $LC_{50}$ (Lethal concentration, median) or NOEC (No observed effect concentration) into PEC. 48-hr $LC_{50}$ of Common carp and NOEC by Sophora flavescens extracts was 7.9 and 6.2 mg/L, 26.8 and 21.8 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts and 47.0 and < 24.0 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. 48-hr $LC_{50}$ of Muddy loach and NOEC by Sophora flavescens extracts was 16.9 and 10.0 mg/L, 35.6 and 30.0 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts, and 73.9 and < 40 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. Therefore, acute toxicities of the three plant extracts for aquatic animals were proved to be very low level. PEC of Sophora flavescens extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 68.0~3.0, 11.33~0.50 and 3.0~0.0018 mg/L, respectively. TER of Sophora flavescens extracts in the three water was 0.2~5.6, 1.5~33.8 and 2.6~4388.9, respectively. PEC of Azadirachta indica extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 90.9~1.2, 15.2~0.2 and 4.8~0.00075 mg/L, respectively. TER of Azadirachta indica extracts in the three water was 0.4~29.7, 2.3~178.0 and 4.5~35733.3, respectively. PEC of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 0.0063 mg/L. TER of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 5222~15667.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.161-173
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• 2015

The multiresidue method 4.1.2.2 in Korea Food Code was extended for the analysis of 24 unregistered pesticide residues. The method includes acetonitrile extraction, liquid-liquid partition, Florisil SPE clean-up and GC analysis. The limits of quantification (LOQ) range of the method was 0.02~0.05 mg/kg for orange, brown rice and banana. The linearity for targeted pesticides were $R^2$ > 0.99 at the level ranged from 0.05 to 5 mg/L. Recovery test was performed at two concentration levels of LOQ and 4~10 times of LOQ. Recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of target pesticides were acceptable, showing 70~120% range and less than 20%, respectively, except for ethiprole, picloram and sulcotrion. This method is effectively applicable to routine analysis of target pesticides in orange, brown rice and banana.