• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

In order to investigate the Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng, we have studied the effects of ginseng saponin on the proliferation and cytosine gene expression of human pheripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In the PBMC proliferation assay, total saponin exhibited proliferation inhibition on the PBMC or phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng were further investigated using the cytokine gene expression as the indicators. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor genes were expressed in the PHA-stimulated PBMC 48 hrs after cell culture. Among expressed cytokines, total saponin could increase the expression of IL-1 and TNF of PBMC without stimulation of PHA. All of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Rc, Re, incresed TNF gene expression. Especially, Rb2 (20 g/ml) showed most prominent effect on TNF gene expression and it also slightly increased IL-1 gene expression of PBMC.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.332-337
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• 2002

Phellinus Iinteus from Cambodia was confirmed to have a homologous DNA sequencec to Phellinus Iinteus. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with aquous extract of Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus(CPL). CPL didn't show any significant cytotoxicity on HT1080, Sarcoma 180 and B16BL6, whereas it inhibited the relaxation of DNA topoisomerase I from the concentration of 250ug/ml. In the pulmonary colonization assay it inhibited pulmonary metastasis by B16BL6 in C57BL6 mice to 36%, 36.9% and 55.5% at various doses of 2 mg, 20 mg and 50 mg. From FACS analysis with splenocytes pretreated with CPL, it significantly increased lymphoblast and induced production of IL-2. These results indicate Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus has antitumor and immunomodulatory activities still suggesting more study on its mechanism and effective compound in detail.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Objective: Although the effect of Ulmus davidiana Planch (UD) extracts on collagen-induced-arthritis (CIA) and bone metabolism has been studies, research on its effect on human immunomodulatory activity is further a due. The objective of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of UD on cellular and humoral immunity. Methods : Oral administration of the ethanolic and water extracts of UD, at doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg in mice, dose dependently potentiated the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced both by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and oxazolone. Results : It significantly enhanced the production of circulating antibody titre in response to SRBC in mice. Extracts of UD failed to show any effect on macrophage phagocytosis. Chronic administration of UD extracts significantly ameliorated the total white blood cell count and also restored the myelosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide. Conclusion : The present investigation reveals that UD extracts possesses immunomodulatory activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1739-1744
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• 2019

The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 in murine primary splenocytes and macrophages. B. longum KACC 91563 regulated T- and B-cell proliferation and inhibited the Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine imbalance and immune cytokine production. Moreover, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower after treatment with B. longum KACC 91563. These findings suggest that B. longum KACC 91563 could modulate the systemic immune system toward both IgE production and regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2006

Hominis placenta (HP) has been used as an agent for promoting physiological function in traditional asian medicine. The present study was peformed to investigate whether HP acupuncture treatment in an experimental tumor mice model inhibit tumor growth through immunomodulatory effects. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon26-L5 cells on the back. Three days after tumor inoculation, HP herbal acupuncture treatment was conducted on BL18 acupoint every other day for three weeks. HP Herbal acupuncture treatment significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and prolonged survival rate. To evaluate immunomodulatory effect of HP acupuncture, splenocytes proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA for IFN- ${\gamma}$, and IL-4 cytokine level. HP herbal acupuncture enhanced the mitogenic activity of Balb/c whole splenocytes induced by various mitogenic stimuli and increased immune cell population such as T cell, B cell, Th cell, Tc cell and Macrophages. HP herbal acupuncture caused a marked increase of production of Th1 cytokine (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ,) and decrease of production of Th2 cytokine (IL-4). These results indicated that HP herbal acupuncture suppresses tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th1 dominant immune state.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40-60
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• 2012

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe antitumor, anticachexia and immunomodulatory effects of Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum(SYM) on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods: Three different dosages of SYM-125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation, and the changes on the body weights, tumor volume and weights, weights of spleen and popliteal lymph node and epididymal fat, serum IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels, NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed. In addition, histopathological observations of apoptotic cell, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose were also detected. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic estrogen receptor antagonist, Tamoxifen 20 mg/kg treated mice. Results: Tumor volumes and weights were decreased without cytotoxic effects on the both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells as results of all three different dosages of SYM treatment. And weights of body, spleen, popliteal lymph node, epididymal fat, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, NK cell, peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were increased with decrease of serum IL-6. At histopathological observations, apoptotic tumor cells, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose tissue were increased. That means tumor-related immunosuppress and cachexia were markedly inhibited by SYM treatment as compared with tumor-bearing mice. On the other hand, Tamoxifen showed marked cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MCF-10A, decreases of tumor volume and weights, and increases of apoptotic tumor cells and related decreases of tumor cell volumes, but tamoxifen markedly deteriorated the tumor-related immune-suppress and cachexia. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that SYM showed favorable anticancer effects and anticachexic effects on the MCF-7 cell xenograft through immunomodulatory effects. SYM did not induce any cytotoxic effects against both normal and cancer cells.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-125
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the anti-tumor and the immunomodulatory effects of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) against cancer. The in vitro anti-tumor effects were evaluated by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity, extension of survival days, the effect of inhibition solid tumor which was induced sarcoma 180, and the changes of body weight were evaluated for in vivo effects of anti-tumor. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Jiawei- citaowan(加未慈桃丸), delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin, hemolysin titers for humoral immune response, rosette forming cells for cell-mediated immune response, natural killer cell activity, proliferation of lymphocyte, productivty of Interleukin-2, and carbon clearance were measured with methotrexate treated mice. The results were as follows; 1. In the case of existence ability of tumor cell, IC50 had an anti-tumor ativity resulted 2.52mg/ml to SNU-C4. 0.41mg/ml to SNU-396, resulted to 0.09mg/mlSNU-1. 2. The groups of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) 10mg/ml, 20mg/kg had no body weight loss. reduction in intake of water and feed, so these had no toxicity. 3. In the case of the effect of extention of existence. the group of 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group was showed 250% in ILS. 4. The effect of inhibition solid tumor was significantly decreased in both 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group S. The groups of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) had significant effect of body weight change compared to control group. 6. Delayed type hypersensitivity was not significant in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 7. Hemagglutinin and Hemolysin titers were significantly increased by dose-dependent. so these results showed that the humoral immume respose was activated. 8. For the effect of rosette formimg cells was not significant in hoth Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 9. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group in the ratio of 100: 1, 50: 1 of effector and target cells, but in the ratio of 10:1, the Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups were not significant. 10. The proliferation of lymphocyte and productivty of Interleukin-2 were significantly increased by dose-dependent in both 10mg/ kg, 20mg/ kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 11. In the phagocytic effect, the 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with control group. According to the results, we can suggest that Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) has the antitumor and the immunomodulatory effects.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2010

We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin-rich extract (PAE) from Pinus radiata bark in broiler. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes was significantly enhanced in 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg PAE-treated broiler chickens. Proliferation of splenocytes was significantly enhanced in 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg PAE-treated broiler chickens. These effects were markedly enhanced by the presence of LPS, which acts on B cells responsible for humoral immunity, and Con A, which acts directly on T cells involved in cell mediated immunity. PAE significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-18 and interleukin-$1\beta$. Thus, PAE from P. radiata possesses immunomodulatory effects in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2021

Anthocyanins are considered as one of the major functional components including cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside anthocyanins of black rice (Oryza sativa L., BR) aleurone layer (OAL) extract. The immunomodulatory biological effects of OAL has rarely been evaluated. This study has extensively studied the immunomodulatory effects of BR in immunosuppressed mice by CPA. The immunostimulatory effects of BR extract in in vivo at 150 (OAL-1) and 300 mg/kg body weight (OAL-2) for OAL groups were measured and compared to the normal group (CON) ingested with distilled water only or other groups. After the 14 days of oral administration, immune related organ weights, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG, and cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α) levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, and NK cell activity were evaluated as immune related biomarkers. The serum IgA and IgG values in the OAL-treated groups increased to the level of the CON. OAL significantly and effectively controlled the IL-12 and TNF-α levels and NK activity compared to the negative control (NC) group. The results suggest that BR aleurone layer with immunomodulatory activities has a great potential as a functional food by itself or as a supplement.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.412-415
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• 2011

Hypocrellin A has gained much attention in recent years due to its light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities. Here we report that hypocrellin A exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen. Hypocrellin A inhibited class II-MHC restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, but not class I MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, in dendritic cells. Hypocrellin A also inhibited the cytosolic pathway of endogenous antigen presentation. However, hypocrellin A did not inhibit the expression of class I and class II MHC molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), the phagocytic activity of DCs, or the $H-2K^b$-restricted presentation of a synthetic peptide, SIINFEKL. These results show that hypocrellin A differentially modulates the MHC-restricted antigen presentation pathways.