• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a hand rehabilitation training system for hemiplegic patients. We also tried to find out five hand postures (WF: Wrist Flexion, WE: Wrist Extension, BG: Ball Grip, HG: Hook Grip, RE: Rest) in real-time using multi-channel EMG-based deep learning. We performed a pre-processing method that converts to Spider Chart image data for the classification of hand movement from five test subjects (total 1,500 data sets) using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) deep learning with an 8-channel armband. As a result of this study, the recognition accuracy was 92% for WF, 94% for WE, 76% for BG, 82% for HG, and 88% for RE. Also, ten physical therapists participated for the usability evaluation. The questionnaire consisted of 7 items of acceptance, interest, and satisfaction, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated by dividing each into a 5-point scale. As a result, high scores were obtained in immersion and interest in game (4.6±0.43), convenience of the device (4.9±0.30), and satisfaction after treatment (4.1±0.48). On the other hand, Conformity of intention for treatment (3.90±0.49) was relatively low. This is thought to be because the game play may be difficult depending on the degree of spasticity of the hemiplegic patient, and compensation may occur in patient with weakened target muscles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rehabilitation program suitable for the degree of disability of the patient.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.333-338
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• 2021

Development of 5th generation mobile telecommunication technology is visualizing ideal hyper-connected social information and communication technology (ICT). In particular, virtual reality (VR) technology is at the starting point for new expansion and leaps. This work defines virtual reality as media in this context and collects and analyzes discourse on its scalability around space and communication theory. We first elaborated the concept, starting with the early discussions of the virtual reality concept in 1990, and discussed the relationship between the physical world and digital information, expression and interaction immersion as a medium, simulation, art creation theory, and finally evolutionary development. In conclusion, beyond the discourse on the technology of virtual reality, academic subjects were required to have theoretical frameworks on cognitive science, neuroscience, social science, and humanities issues (ethics, personality, etc.) for the development and evolution of virtual reality. In other words, it is time for the evolution of virtual reality to be discussed, which can be moved beyond.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.487-494
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• 2022

Purpose: This study proposes a Metaverse-based police education and training model that can efficiently improve the performance of various police activities according to changes in the environment of the times. Method: The structure of this system can generate Avatar Controller expressed using HMD and haptic technology, access the Network Interface, and educate and train individually or on a team basis through the command control module, education and training content module, and analysis module. Result: In the proposed model of this study, the command and control module was incorporated into individual or team-based education and training, enabling organic collaborative training among team members by monitoring the overall situation of terrorism or crime in real time. Conclusion: Metaverses-based individual or team-based police education and training can provide a more efficient and safe education and training environment based on immersion, interaction, and rapid judgment in various situations.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.361-366
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• 2022

Recently, with the development of virtual and augmented reality technology, metaverse is emerging as a new paradigm that will lead the next-generation internet era, and social and economic activities are spreading around the game, entertainment, music, and content industries. Moreover, as non-face-to-face conversion accelerated after the outbreak of COVID-19, lifestyles and industrial sites are becoming untact and further rapidly becoming a metaverse. In particular, the application of metaverse to the education field is attracting attention because realistic classes using real-time voice conversations using avatars, 3D objects, and 360-degree images can increase immersion and overcome the limitations of distance education. This study examines the concept of metaverse and examines that education using metaverse can be an alternative that can increase the efficiency of education in the non-face-to-face era. In particular, it shows that it is effective in language education and suggests an actual metaverse-based Korea language education program.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the management situation of the Korea Railroad Corporation(KORAIL) through the management innovation process of the KORAIL and to suggest its implications for military application. Despite stable demand, the railway passenger industry had the limitation of not being able to abolish deficit routes due to public service obligations. In addition, the launch of the Suseo High-Speed Line has introduced a competitive system, posing a threat to corporate management. KORAIL wanted to overcome this crisis by innovating its management through the utilization of big data, improvement of the freight business, decentralization of demand, the introduction of tourism railroads, and development of station influence areas. By utilizing big data, KORAIL was able to optimize the railway fare system while reducing fixed costs spent on railway maintenance. It also drastically reduced the station of cargo and created a base station to pursue economies of scale. On the other hand, the existing exclusive station system was abolished to solve the chronic saturation of the downtown area, and the railway demand was moved to Gwangmyeong Station and Suwon Station to optimize the passenger supply. In particular, it developed a new business model called the tourism railway by developing the mountain Byeokjin Line, which was a chronic deficit line, and sought to improve liquidity through the development of the station influence area. Such a process of innovation at KORAIL suggests an appropriate direction in seeking ways to innovate the military medical institutions. First of all, the necessity of improving organizational immersion through the development of a personnel structure suitable for the compulsory organization, while expanding the facilities of the division and corps, and reducing the time required for medical treatment and waiting through the establishment of a data-based medical system was suggested. Next, it was also discussed to integrate the National Health Medical College, which received accreditation as a medical facility through the designation of advanced general hospitals and is ultimately under discussion with the Medical Institution. Through this, we hope that the military medical institutions, which are facing various challenges, will overcome existing limitations and be re-lighted as innovative institution that provides comprehensive public health services.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.428-440
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• 2023

Global meat consumption is increasing worldwide, however, supply remains lacking. Several alternative protein sources, such as cultured meat, plant-based protein production, and edible insects, have been proposed to overcome this shortage. Interestingly, edible insects are characterized by superior digestive and absorptive qualities that make them the ideal replacement for traditional protein production. This study aims to further the processing ability of insect protein by investigating the effects of various pre-treatment methods, such as blanching (HB), roasting (HR), and superheated steam (HS), on the nutritional properties and physicochemical characteristics of proteins extracted from Hermetia illucens larvae. The drying rate, pH value, color analysis, amino and fatty acid profile, as well as bulk density, shear force, and rehydration ratios of the above pre-treatment methods, were explored. HS was found to have the highest drying rate and pH value analysis showed that HB and HS samples have significantly higher values compared to the other modalities. Raw edible insects had the highest value in the sum of essential amino acid (EAA) and EAA index when compared to EAAs. HB and HS showed significantly lower bulk density results, and HS showed the highest shear force and the highest value in rehydration ratio, regardless of immersion time. Therefore, taking the above results together, it was found that blanching and superheated steam blanching pre-treatment were the most effective methods to improve the processing properties of H. illucens after hot-air drying.

• Composites Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Decrease of strength in composite material is generally caused by water absorption. It makes fracture of material, and loss of money or human lives. The objective of this study is to investigate the causes of decrease in strength by water absorption. Mechanism of water absorption was supposed as three steps. This mechanism is consisted of absorption into resin, absorption between resin and surface treatment agent, and delamination between fiber and resin. Conditions of test were supplied differently; kinds of fiber and resin, immersion time etc. Both of reversible reaction and irreversible reaction occurred simultaneously. Most of decrease in strength was finished at 2.5% water absorption, and the strength was recovered. At 4% water absorption, most of decrease was caused by irreversible reaction, therefore, there was a tendency not to be recovered in strength.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

The process of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication involves surface treatment to impart functionality to the device. Such surface treatment method is the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique, which modifies and functionalizes the surface of MEMS components with organic molecule monolayer, possessing a precisely controllable strength that depends on immersion time and solution concentration. These monolayers spontaneously adsorb on polymeric substrates or metal/ceramic components offering high precision at the nanoscale and modifying surface properties. SAM technology has been utilized in various fields, such as tribological property control, mass-production lithography, and ultrasensitive organic/biomolecular sensor applications. This paper provides an overview of the development and application of SAM technology in various fields.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2019

We present the results of high-resolution (R ≥ 30,000) optical and near-infrared spectroscopic monitoring observations of a FU Orionis-type object, 2MASS J06593158-0405277. We have monitored 2MASS J06593158-0405277 with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) and the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) since December 2014. Various features produced by wind, disk, and outflow/jet were detected. The wind features varied over time and disappeared about a year after the outburst occurred. The double-peaked line profiles were detected in the optical and near-infrared, and the line widths decrease with increasing wavelength. The disk features in the optical spectra are fit well with G2-type or G5-type stellar spectra convolved with a disk rotational profile of about 45 km s^-1, which corresponds to a disk radius of about 71 R_⊙for a central mass of 0.75 M_⊙. Disk features in near-infrared spectra are fit well with a K1-type stellar spectrum convolved with a disk rotational profile of about 35 km s^-1, which corresponds to a disk radius of about 117 R_⊙ for a central mass of 0.75 M_⊙. We also detected [S II] and H2 emission lines, which are rarely found in FUors but are usually found in the earlier stage of young stellar objects. Therefore, we suggest that 2MASS J06593158-0405277 is in the relatively earlier part of Class II stage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.47.1-47.9
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to use a laboratory model to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental bleaching agent. Materials and Methods: The model used human extracted molars that were treated and measured for bleaching efficacy. Teeth (n = 50) were distributed into 5 groups: Negative control (NC): immersion in water for 8 hours; Nanofibers (NFs): Experimental titanium dioxide nanofibers with stirring and light activation for 8 hours; Whitestrips (WS): Crest 3D White Glamorous White Whitestrips, 2 applications daily for 30 minutes, 14 days; 1% hydrogen peroxide (HP) standard: 1% hydrogen peroxide for 8 hours; and 30% HP standard: 30% hydrogen peroxide for 8 hours. Instrumental measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer. Results were recorded at baseline, 1-day post-bleaching, and 1-week post-bleaching. Kruskal-Wallis procedure was used to determine differences in color change. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between visual and instrumental measurements. Tests of hypotheses were 2-sided with alpha = 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in color parameters (L1, a1, b1, and shade guide units [SGU]) at baseline (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference among the groups for overall color change (ΔE^*ab) and change in shade guide units (ΔSGU) at 1-day and 1-week post-bleaching (p < 0.05). The higher the HP concentration, the higher the color change as expressed in ΔSGU and ΔE^*ab. The negative control exceeded the perceptibility threshold of ΔE^* = 1.2 regardless of time point. NFs showed a decrease in chroma, but were not statistically different compared to the negative control. Conclusions: The laboratory model was successful in screening an experimental bleaching agent.