• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.345-350
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• 2016

Modern design started from having form of nature and biology and had gradually faced limit on the design subject, therefore changed to something with emotions. However, personal emotion is hard to receive sympathy from the public. Therefore the researcher have selected subject that is already receiving love from the public and tried to visualize it through metal sculpture. The subject selected for visualization is 'Counting Stars at Night' by poet Yoon Dong Ju who the Koreans love the most and the aesthetic factor was selected through prior studied literature and have made by applying metal, gemstone and coloring method. As a result the aesthetic factor could be selected understanding the emotion inside the poet 'Counting Stars at Night' by Yoon Dong Ju and have not lost objectivity in the emotions and could be able to feel the beauty of the metal sculpture with deep emotions of the 'Counting Stars at Night' by Yoon Dong Ju through completed metal sculpture. This served as a momentum for suggesting possibility of shaping the immaterial subject.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2015

The development of technology has always been influencing the worldview of the time, and this has been embodied through artistic media and contents throughout history. This paper begins with an overview on how the notion of movement in art has developed with the juxtaposition of materiality and immateriality or the conversion between the two by rethinking Kinetic Art which was popularized in the mid-twentieth century in America and Europe. Then, this is compared with New Media Art which employs advanced digital media techniques to generate virtual images. New Media Art requires some kinds of physical mechanisms and space for the embodiment of virtual images to some extent. The coexistence of material and immaterial aspects of New Media art is investigated through the contextualization with certain aspects of Kinetic Art.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2004

This study is about choice attribution of customers make in food and beverage events. The researcher provided practical plans to uplift food-related enterprises and activate management through surveys and positive analyses, targeting customers who use food services. First of all, all event plans must include customer demands, social changes, special qualities of the business, and market research. Second, low demand season must be customers will be induced to the events. Third, prediction for market variable and solutions must be thoroughly examined and plans should look into the future to maintain a long period of time. Fourth, sufficient communication between planners and employees should be made before the event starts, so that food and beverage businesses can gain trust and quality of event services.Fifth, immaterial service and visible goods/menus in business of food and beverage events must be closely matched. Sixth, menus introducing a variety of merchandise, quality of nutrition and health of the business should be developed. Also, events from countries(regions) should be hold to create a market of cultural exchange. Seventh, for hereafter event plans, feedbacks are needed concerning customers needs and demands through customer care, after the food and beverage events. Eight, faculty management for convenience, kindness, safety, and life preserver accommodations in parking areas must be made, as automobiles are necessaries for people in Mycar era. The ninth, off-line and on-line care through on-line business construction and production of homepage must be done, due to the fact that even the well-made events are bound to fail if they are not delivered to the customers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2008

We have attached importance to the values of spirit and immateriality. As the age of modernism of rationality ended, human being began to emphasize spiritual and immaterial while accepting multiplicity and diversification in the whole areas of society and culture. Hence interests have increased in another side of human spirit that was oppressed by rational, analytic, reasonable and scientific thinking, which has expanded the inner world of human being to the world of the unconscious. According to these paradigm changes, steady efforts to improve our lives better both materially and spiritually have been made in the areas of art and design. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the meaning of object expressed in space from the viewpoint of the unconscious, focusing on works of designer Philippe Starck after 2000 in which unique, preferential and liking characteristics are expressed well. Philippe Starck is a designer who connects design with our daily lives and formalizes it with creative ideas. Also the study theoretically explored the theory of the unconscious, a concept of Freudianism, based on 'Meaning of Dreams' of Freud, and explained the expressional characteristics and meaning of unconscious desire through his works by putting object in Philippe Starck's space. It aims to grope for the meaning of object as another possibility that can function as a spatial ruling element by analyzing object through expanding the extent of correlation and interpretation between human containing spiritual things and object which is the recognition subject in space of the present time, not a mere concept as substance like in the past, and expression of Starck's unconscious desire based on unconscious theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.133-145
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• 2010

The study used four basic formats classified based on the four principles on costumes discussed in the paper 'Human Beings and Arts Phenomena' by Oskar Schlemmer who studied the relationships between stage space and the human body as an analysis tool with regard to analyses on the abstraction of human body in contemporary dance costume. Abstraction of human body expressed in costume for contemporary dance is as follows: Expansions caused by unclear boundary between spaces and costumes, and the principles of three-dimensional abstract spaces based on a geometric cube change heads, trunks, arms and legs to achieve expansions. Similar mechanical shape is a type of shape made in a succession of functional principles of human body in relationships with spaces. As mechanical mechanism is added to the geometric transformation of a specific part of human body, mechanicalness is contained in it. Motion organisms are geometric simplification of moving traces in a space based on conversion into mechanical organisms based on principles of motion, and as mechanical rotation, consecutive speed caused by refraction and directionality are suggested, mobility is achieved. Immaterial shape is based on change into a metaphysical form, and it is converted into animals, plants or a third life that symbolize body parts. It has metaphysical significance in each body part and extends sensibility. As a result of the study, development into abstract succession and a techno art mode has been confirmed. Combination of geometric cubic figures with the organic human body and configuration of the human body pursued by Oskar Schlemmer's geometric abstraction through the proactive accommodation of mechanical aesthetics has been succeeded and expressed in the contemporary dance costumes.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

In this paper the nine orifices were analyzed horizontally and vertically and the relationship between the upper seven orifices and lower two orifices was looked into specifically. The following results were obtained : l. Horizontal is the shenji (神機) which comes in and out, and it symbolizes animality based on heaven. so it is dynamic. Vertical is the qiji (氣機) which goes up and down. and it symbolizes vegetability based on earth. so it is static. 2. The shape of the eyes and lips is horizontal, so the shape of the liver and spleen which are related to the eyes and lips respectively is also horizontal. Thus the eyes and lips can move and the action of these are mainly concerned with the coming in and out of energy. 3. The shape of the nose and ears is vertical. so the shape of the lungs and kidneys which are related to the nose and ears respectively is also vertical. Thus the nose and ears remain still and the action of these are mainly concerned with going up and down of energy. 4. One means yang(陽) and two means yin(陰). so the nose and mouth which have one are yang. the eyes and ears which have two are yin. 5. The urethra consists of yangming(陽明) and taiyin(太陰) which control the front so it draws out urine which is yang(陽). The anus controls the back. so it draws out feces which is yin(陰). 6. The upper seven orifices are related to the five viscera which control immaterial spirit. The lower two orifices are related to the six bowels which control material movement.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Objectives : To broaden understanding of "Shanghanlun", this paper analyzes and interprets its Post-formula instructions(方後注文). Methods : From the contents of Post-formula instructions that follow formulas in "Shanghanlun", the effects, administration instructions, decocting methods are examined specifically. Based on annotators's interpretations, the author provides his understanding. Conclusions & Results : The treatment principle of sweat inducive formulas is 'to induce subtle sweating(微似汗)'. Meanwhile, in the case of Inner water and fluid retention(水飮內停), 'sweating(汗出)' is expressive of healing. Among the emetic formulas in the "Shanghanlun", the meaning of 'vomiting(得吐者)' in the descriptions of Zhizichitang(梔子豉湯), is that the stagnated heat in the chest area has been relieved, letting the Qi communicate upwards. In terms of formula administration, besides the usual 2~3 times a day method, there is '頓服法' for immediate effects; three times within six hours application method in cases where the exterior symptoms are extremely severe or the stagnation of exterior pathogen is severe; 6 times a day or continuous application day and night regardless of frequency. In terms of decocting methods, there is '再煎法' to have the formula's effects not be biased or too strong; the decocting method of Dahuanghuanglianxiexīntang where the formula is brewed momentarily in order to cool the immaterial pathogenic heat. Moreover, when there is disease in the chest, Dahuang is brewed first to soften its effects. When there is disease in the abdomen area, Dahuang is added later to quicken its effects. In the case of Guizhirenshentang, to maximize the effect of Guizhi, it was suggested that Guizhi is added later.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.873-896
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• 2009

China's the resource diplomacy towards Africa as successful results that are difficult to find precedents even within the world's diplomatic community. These results was after having its first diplomatic contact with Africa, during the Bandung Conference of 1955, China supported the armed independence movement of each colony in Africa. These several material and immaterial ad and sacrifice continued for over half a century and they could be see as the products of the Cold War that was created. The importance of the argument, how did and international relation that began as an idea extend into the spheres of politics and economics, has resurfaced. With this objective, the purpose of this research is to understand the initial stages of Chinese versus African policies that started with the first official contact between China and Africa, centered on the 1995 Bandung Conference and the 1957 Afro-Asian People's Solidarity and Study the development of the ensuing relationship.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2021

Purposes: This study is to examine the causes of limitations of modern western science and philosophy through Ayurvedic thought, and to seek the path of holism for the development of national healing projects. Methods: Therefore, it was inferred that the background of modern Western civilization and the reality of the national healing project would share the flow. In order to examine this, the difference between the East and West's 'recognition of the body and the mind' and the 'perspective on the origin of existence' was examined, and the characteristics of the Ayurvedic five-element novel were examined. Results: Through that process, the "mind and body dualism" in the West and the absence of the "empty element( 空 Śunya)" in Western four-element novels were pointed out as the cause of the limitations. In the sense that the 'empty element' is an invisible world and an immaterial world, it was concluded that the absence of justice was a limitation of Western civilization and a problem of the reality of the national healing project. Conclusions: I hope that this study will lead to continuous research on Ayurvedic ideology and research in the field of natural healing, thus contributing to the development of national healing projects and leading to health, well-being, and self-healing of the people.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.441-470
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop documentation elements that can effectively record urban regeneration projects, focusing on port cities, in line with the historical background of urban regeneration projects. In order to develop recording elements, elements that need to be recorded were derived from eight fields, including geographical information, industrial information, and legal and administrative changes, from the Urban Regeneration Act, Port-related Act, and Urban Regeneration-related research. A Delphi survey was conducted three times targeting 20 experts related to urban regeneration to gather their opinions on elements derived from the Urban Regeneration Act, Port-related Act, and related research, and 32 final elements were derived. The recording elements for each selected area are geographical information(6), immaterial information(4), environmental maintenance(5), industrial and economic primary and secondary industries(2), and industrial and economic tertiary industries(3), changes(6), member participation(4), local legal and administrative systems(2). In addition, the applicability of urban regeneration documentation elements to local government records management experts was verified.