• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Middle-aged women who have experienced the depression have been in pain for a long time. Depression in middle-aged women, which is rapidly increasing from their forties, has a problem that do not decrease in spite of various treatment methods. If the essential cause of depression in middle-aged women is due to the inability to detect the meaning of life because of the lack of the perception about the identity resulting from self-loss, a more qualitative research for a fundamental treatment method is required. The purpose of this study is to find out the essence and meaning of the experience of depression in middle-aged women and to help them to find their own selves through the process of individualization and to recover the whole health as well as to live as a self-transcendent being. Three Christian middle-aged women falling on critical and serious condition by BDI diagnosis were selected for the study. In-depth counseling and interviews were held from January to August 2018. In-depth counseling has provided detailed statements about the process of individualization of middle-aged women who have experienced depression, which applied 5 stages of Giorgi's Phenomenological Research Methodology. As a result, 261 semantic units and 11 sub-components were derived and structured by dividing them into two themes: depression experience and the process of individualization process, which are the subject group. This study has its significance in realizing essential meaning of pain by middle-aged women who experience depression and fundamentally preparing an opportunity to be cured through the process of individualization, as well as contributing for such middle-aged women to have abundant living by suggesting preventive measures to general middle-aged women who prepare for their old age.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.7-24
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• 2006

This article is the critical review of the methods and assumptions with which the Korean archaeologists have tried to approach to the Bronze age society. It was not until the 1980s' that there had been any attempt to define the relevant units for the study of past societies. Before the archaeological records of megalithic builders in the Bronze age began to be analyzed to find out the general traits of chiefdom society, Korean archaeologists had described the variations in the cultural, rather than the social, entities. From the 1990s' , some scholars have attempted to reconstruct the scale and organization of the social groups and explain the growth of polities in evolutionary view, analyzing the hierarchical distributions of settlement data. In the concluding remarks of the review, I would like to indicate the some problems in the conceptualization of the material culture patterning in the regional and/or inter-regional level. First, the conceptual problem which appeared when the Bronze archaeologists define the distribution of artifact assemblages, composed of the specific artifact traits , beyond the instrumental categories that are efficient for the establishments of regional chronologies. It is evidently erroneous conceptualization that we define the artifact assemblages as the socio-cultual entities which came into being in specific time and place, geographically expanded, and finally disappeared based on the view of essentialism. Second, the interpretative problems about wide distributions of certain bronze artifacts must be indicated. I would like to suggest that the wide distributions of the specific bronze dagger or mirror types should be explained not by the cultural area concept related to the ethnicity assumptions, but by the world system or the inter-regional interaction models.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.18-32
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• 2001

Korean society has frequently seen the conflicts between environmentally oriented ideology and development ideology which generally take shape as regional problems. An interesting example is the case of Paldang water resource protection area in Yangpyung-kun, Kyunggi Province. At the area, the rural residents are trying to take regional development by utilizing as much as natural resource in the region, and the central government is trying to make clean water sustained for the public interest of the whole people living within the supplying area of the water resource. Accordingly, the conflict is inevitable. It is the role of environmental movement group that makes us pay attention to this region. Under the present situation regarding environmental protection as a core keyword, the environmental protection groups tend to stand on the side of the central government. That is, those groups let the government consolidate its dominance discourse, which help the resistance discourse of the residents weakened. This basic structure of relationship sometimes touches off the situations of antagonistic confrontation. It is the group for organic fanning movement on the region that is playing a significant mediating role between the two. It has eased severe confrontation, and has persuaded the residents, expecially the farmers, to accept so-called win-win strategies which are related with various kind of organic fanning. The agriculture can be regarded as a win-win action because it is a way of fanning adapted to the protected natural environment. It is taking firm hold in this region as an alternative which can satisfy the ideology of 'sustainable development' or 'sustainability'. It could give us a kind of paradoxical confusion that the strategies of regional development of pro-environment are being carried out in the region where the residents are fighting against the government's strict control of natural environment. The example of this region, however, could show a significant direction for solving the continuous problem of conflict between environmental protection and regional development.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.347-380
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• 2013

In this paper I will try to show how Wittgenstein criticized Frege's theory of meaning. Frege's theory of meaning can be compressed as sense-reference theory. Frege distinguishes between sense and reference on all the linguistic expressions. In particular, he regards that a sentence has sense and reference. This distinction was raised from, so to speak, the problem of identity sentences. Wittgenstein's "fundamental thought" of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the key of his direct criticism of Frege's sense-reference theory. That is, it is an attack on Frege's thought that the reference of a sentence is a truth value and truth values are "objects themselves" (in Frege's meaning). According to Wittgenstein, such an object does not exist and according to his picture theory, the function of a name and that of a proposition are fundamentally different. By the way, Frege can reply justly to this criticism that it is insufficient. In short, Frege's 'sense' and 'reference' etc, are the technical terms. Hence Wittgenstein's decisive criticism of Frege's theory consists in accusing his theory of logical flaws. There is an another route to the sense and reference of a sentence which Frege introduces. In discourses of judgement stroke and content stroke in his Begriffsshrift and in those of horizontal stroke since his "Function and Concept", Frege deals with the sense and reference of a sentence. Wittgenstein criticize that the sense of a complex sentence such as ~p would by no means be determined by Frege's determination.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner which was excavated in an ancient temple site in Neungsan-ri, within the City wall of Buyeo-Gun on 23rd December 1993, was a quintessence of the Bakje Arts that people could not have imagined until that time. The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner transcended 1400 years of time and space. The censer that finally came up to us delivered a kind of a powerful message to us. The power was so strong and mysterious that as if an ancestor who had been sleeping in the grave with a great silent had woken up and become alive to tell us something very precious. Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, unlike any other existing artifacts, might have a possibility that could provide an insight of the ancients' psych who once lived on our land. This kind of view from several archaeologists, therefore, made our hearts be filled with excitement and flutter. We call 21st century as an era of culture. This era requests that the culture needs to be ethnical but the culture also needs to go beyond that ethnic. In other words, a culture without an ethnic cannot exist, and a culture that puts an ethnic the very first before any other things cannot exist as well. Regaining our identities first and then embracing and harmonizing various cultures can be an wise way overcoming above problem. Hence, through this study, I intend to recognize characteristic of plasticity for Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, understand the world of Baekje people's spirit and thus provide an opportunity to shed new light on the Baekje Arts. By doing so, I would like to publicize a metal craft of Korea to the world. I also try to seek for an identity of Korea's craft culture which is receding and find a direction for the Korea's craft.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.321-326
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• 2020

This paper is to analyze the language education policy in the context of multilingualism. As the majority of the population are multilingual, language policy should be centered on the multilingual speakers as the norm, and multilingual language policy is the best route which we can follow as a language policy in education. The motivation and legitimacy of the multilingual policies are suggested in terms of 6 different perspectives: identity, sustainability, equity, World Englishes, machine translation, and Universal Grammar (UG). As a model of language policy, the English-Plus (i.e., English+n) policy and similarly the Korean-Plus (i.e., Korean+n) policy are suggested to be the most appropriate language policies in the field of education in America and Korea respectively. These plus policies aim at bilingual fluency in both the native language and other foreign languages that are constitutive of the multilingualism of the country in which the bilingualism is treated as a variant of multilingualism. In a period of convergence and diversity in the 4^th Industrial Revolution, language diversity and multilingual policy should be considered as a right to be protected or as a resource to be conserved rather than as a problem to be solved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.795-807
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• 2014

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) has gone through a rich amount of research and currently is making its way towards the deployment. However, surprisingly it evolved to rather more applications and services-rich breed referred to as VANET-based clouds due to the advancements in the automobile and communication technologies. Security and privacy have always been the challenges for the think tanks to deploy this technology on mass scale. It is even worse that some security issues are orthogonally related to each other such as privacy, revocation and route tracing. In this paper, we aim at a specific VANET-based clouds framework proposed by Hussain et al. namely VANET using Clouds (VuC) where VANET and cloud infrastructure cooperate with each other in order to provide VANET users (more precisely subscribers) with services. We specifically target the aforementioned conflicted privacy, route tracing, and revocation problem in VANET-based clouds environment. We propose a multiple pseudonymous approach for privacy reasons and leverage the beacons stored in the cloud infrastructure for both route tracing and revocation. In the proposed scheme, revocation authorities after colluding, can trace the path taken by the target node for a specified timespan and can also revoke the identity if needed. Our proposed scheme is secure, conditional privacy preserved, and is computationally less expensive than the previously proposed schemes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2003

According as the real economic activities are carried out in the cyber world and the identity problem of a trade counterpart emerges, digital signature has been diffused. Due to the weakness for real-time validation using the validation method of digital signature, Certificate Revocation List, On-line Certificate Status Protocol was introduced. In this case, every transaction workload requested to verify digital signature is concentrated of a validation server node. Currently this method has been utilized on domestic financial transactions, but sooner or later the limitation will be revealed. In this paper, the validation method will be introduced which not only it can guarantee real-time validation but also the requesting node of certificate validation can maintain real-time certificate status information. This method makes the revocation management node update the certificate status information in real-time to the validation node while revoking certificate. The characteristic of this method is that the revocation management node should memorize the validation nodes which a certificate holder uses. If a certificate holder connects a validation node for the first time, the validation node should request its certificate status information to the above revocation management node and the revocation management node memorizes the validation node at the time. After that, the revocation management node inform the revocation information in real-time to all the validation node registered when a request of revocation happens. The benefits of this method are the fact that we can reduce the validation time because the certificate validation can be completed at the validation node and that we can avoid the concentration of requesting certificate status information to a revocation node.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.453-477
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• 2013

The intent of this study is to fully investigate the major issues and challenges related to characteristics of gifted children from multicultural families in Korea. The gifted students of multicultural families are currently categorized as disadvantaged gifted students, but they need to be defined more deeply and separately due to the continuous increase of multicultural families. Most culturally different gifted children have common problem such as integrating into Korean culture, often suffering from emotional problems and their parents' economic disadvantage. Due to these problems a variety of issues arise. First, culturally diverse talented students have problems due to the alienation and the lack of equal opportunity given to gifted children of multicultural families in need. Secondly, another issue is whether or not the selection of these students for a gifted and talented program is administered equally and fairly. Thirdly students and teachers may have difficulty forming relationships. Fourth, there is a dire need to address the issue of a lack of formal education policy. for these students. Fifth, the formulation of a gifted and talented program solely for multicultural students is necessary. Sixth, educating the parents of such students remains a critical challenge. Seventh, the last issue arises from a lack of research regarding the identity of multicultural gifted children in Korea. In this study, we discuss each of these issues in-depth. Additionally the future of Korean Multicultural Gifted selection, training in the field, school direction and it's implications are discussed.