• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study describes measurements of fast ice recorded on May 23, 2009, in Kongsfjorden (translated as 'Kongs Fjord'), an inlet on the west coast of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard Archipelago. Seasonal fast ice is an important feature for Svalbard fjords, both in relation to their physical environment and also the local ecosystem, since it grows seaward from the coast and remains in place throughout the winter. Ice thickness, snow, ice properties, and wind speed were measured, while SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data was observed simultaneously observed two times from ALOS-PALSAR (L-band). Measured ice thickness was about 25-35 cm while the thickness of ice floe broken from fast ice was measured as 10-15 cm. Average salinity was 1.9-2.0 ppt during the melting period. Polarimetric data was used to extract H/A/alpha-angle parameters of fast ice, ice floe, snow and glacier, which was classified into 18 classes based on these parameters. It was established that the area of fast ice represents surface scattering which indicates low and medium entropy surface scatters such as Bragg and random surfaces, while fast ice covered with snow belongs to a zone of low entropy surface scattering similar to snow-covered land surfaces. The results of this study will contribute to various interpretations of interrelationships between H/A/alpha parameters and the wave scattering Phenomenon of sea ice.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2016

A method to make ice spike using home refrigerator with ice tray was found. Many experiments have carried out with this method and many natural phenomena occurring on the formation of ice spike are found. A new concept of the Latter Freezing Water (LFW) was imported to explain the ice spike formation. At LFW position on water surface, the Sprout of Super cooled Water (SSW) grows by the Volume Expansion Effect (VEE) caused by the phase change of water in water. And air bubbles that are expelled from ice during freezing process, gather, rise, and detonate at the upper most part of SSW that make SSW freeze and grow upward with the water pipe in it. Together with VEE the capillarity in the water pipe makes the column grow more, that makes the ice spike. Many other findings were succeeded; 1) Ice spike process is completed before the whole water freezes. 2) If water is corrupted or shocked, even though it is very slight, ice spike is not generated. 3) Rain water contains the most LFW among all kind of waters used in experiments. 4) LFW is changed into normal water after passing the ice spike. 5) A new concept of the ice bullet is introduced. 6) The reason of frequent occurrences of the ice spike at Mt. Mai is investigated also.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

To clarify the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of ice slurry which made from 6.5% ethylene glycol-water solution flow in the double tube and plate type heat exchanger, experimental studies were performed. The mass flux and ice fraction of ice slurry were varied from 800 to 3500 kg/$m^2s$(or 7 to 17 kg/min) and from 0 to 25%, respectively. Through the experiment, it was found that the measured pressure drop and heat transfer rate increase with the mass flux and ice fraction; however the effect of ice fraction appears not to be significant at high mass flux region. At the region of low mass flux, a sharp increase in the pressure drop and heat transfer rate were observed depends on mass flux.

• 전기의세계
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 현재 IBM PC등에 사용되는 8088프로세서의 16비트버젼인 8086프로세서의 ICE를 설계 제작하였다. 8088프로세서와 8086프로세서는 그 내부 기능이 동일하기 때문에 어셈블러나 링커등의 소프트웨어 개발장비들을 IBM PC에서 지원받을 수 있으므로 IBM PC에 연결된 ICE는 전체적으로 하나의 MDS시스템을 구성할 수 있다. 제작된 ICE는 1) 테스트하려는 시스템의 메모리에 대한 읽기 및 쓰기, 2) 테스트프로그램의 실제 조건에서의 수행, 3) 디버깅 기능, 4) ICE의 메모리 영역을 테스트하려는 시스템에서 활용하도록하는 기능 등을 수행할 수 있도록 하였다. 또 8086프로세서는 싱글프로세서모드와 멀티프로세서모드의 두가지 동작 모드가 있는데 싱글프로세서모드에서 동작될 수 있도록 설계되었으며 ICE의 기능 수행을 위한 논리 회로의 구성과 이해에 주안점을 두었다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

Experimental study was performed for free convection and ice formation around two horizontal circular tubes which were placed vertically. Temperature and velocity distributions were visualized with real time holographic interferometry technique and tracer method. When water was cooled, super cooled region was formed around cooling pipe. It was found that flow induced by free convection always directed downwards when the coolant temperature was low, while it directed upwards when the coolant temperature was comparably high though it directed downwards initially. Flow phenomena with free convection were investigated in detail with varying cooling rate and length between cooling pipes. And growing process of dense ice was also investigated. Dendritic ice is suddenly formed within a supercooled region, and a dense ice layer begins to develop from the cooling wall.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_2
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• pp.1283-1298
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• 2018

KOPRI(Korea Polar Research Institute) have researhed Arctic sea ice by using satellite remote sensing data since 2017 as a mission of KOPRI. The title of the reseach is "Development of Satellite Observation and Analysis for Arctc sea-ice". This project has three major aims; 1) development of prototype satellite data archive/manage system for Arctic sea ice monitoring, 2) development of sea ice remote sensing data processing and analysis technique, and 3) development of international satellite observing network for Arcitc. This reseach will give us that 1) deveolpment of sea ice observing system for northern sea route, 2) development of optimal remote sensing data processing technique for sea ice and selected satelite sensors, 3) development of international satellite onbservation network. I hope that this letter of introducton KOPRI satellite program for Arctic will help to understand Arctic remote sensing and will introduce you to step into the Arctic remote sensing, which Iis like a blue ocean of remote sensing.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.553-557
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• 2013

The stretching vibration of OH of ice Ih is studied by Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics in regarding the effect of mixed H/D contamination while the vibrational spectrum is considered by velocity-velocity autocorrelations of the sampled ensemble. When hydrogen atoms are immersed randomly into the deuterated ice, a typical vibrational frequency of OH stretching mode is observed to be similar to that from the pure $H_2O$ ice. When focusing on the correlation of isolated neighboring OH stretching, a narrower and blue shifted peak is observed at the high frequency range as a result of the screening from the complex many body correlations by $D_2O$ environment. It is also specifically related to the symmetric intermolecular correlations between neighboring OH stretching modes. More enhanced high frequency range can be explained by the expansion of such two body correlations to collective many body correlations among all possible OH stretching modes. This contribution becomes important when it involves in chemical interactions via excitation of such vibrational states.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1995

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1994

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2011

A full-scale field trial in ice-covered sea is one of the most important tasks in the design of icebreaking ships. The first Korean icebreaking research vessel 'ARAON', after her delivery in late 2009, had a sea ice field trial in the Arctic Sea during July-August, 2010. This paper describes the test procedures and data analysis on the icebreaking performance of the IBRV ARAON. The data gathered from the icebreaking performance test in the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea during the Arctic voyage of ARAON includes the speed and engine power of the ship as well as sea ice thickness and strength data. The air temperature, wind speed and heading of the ship were also measured during each sea ice trial. The ARAON was designed to break 1 m thick level ice with a flexural strength of 630kPa at a continuous speed of 3knots. She is registered as a KR POLAR 10 class ship. The principal dimensions of ARAON are 110 m, 19 m and 6.8 m in length, breadth and draft respectively. She is equipped with four 3,500kW diesel-electric main engines and two Azipod type propulsion motors. Four sea ice trials were carried out to understand the relationship between the engine power and the ship speed, given the Arctic ice condition. The analysis shows that the ARAON was able to operate at 1.5knots in a 2.5m thick medium ice floe condition with the engine power of 5MW, and the speed reached 3.1 knots at the same ice floe condition when the power increased to 6.6MW. She showed a good performance of speed in medium ice floe compared to the speed performance in level ice. More detailed analysis is summarized in this paper.